Zahra Shirnegar; Fardin Hozhabri; Mohammad Ebrahim Nooriyan Soroor
Abstract
Introduction: Considering that soybean is mainly used in human nutrition and its meal is mostly used in poultry feed, and also due to the high price of soybean meal and its impact on the cost of each kilogram of feed, using of other protein sources such as camellia meal in the diet of fattening lambs ...
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Introduction: Considering that soybean is mainly used in human nutrition and its meal is mostly used in poultry feed, and also due to the high price of soybean meal and its impact on the cost of each kilogram of feed, using of other protein sources such as camellia meal in the diet of fattening lambs can reduce the need of soybean meal for ruminant animals. Previous studies have shown that camelina meal with a suitable percentage of omega-3, crude protein, crude fat and poly unsaturated fatty acids (alpha-linolenic acid) makes it a suitable feedstuff for livestock, poultry and fish. However, due to the presence of anti-nutritional compounds such as trypsin inhibitor and glucosinolate, the limitations of camellia meal should be taken into consideration when used in the diet of animals. In many experiments, it has been determined that camelina is a plant resistant to harsh weather conditions compared to other oil plants, has a high yield potential, and it has been reported that it is possible to plant it in crop rotation with cereals. In this study, the possibility of using camelina meal (CM) instead of soybean meal (SBM) in the diet of fattening lambs was investigated.Material and Methods: Twenty-four male lambs aged four to six months with an average weight of 34.21±2.18 kg in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications were used. Animals were placed in the individual cages. Treatments included: 1) control (basal diet containing SBM), 2) basal diet with 33% replacement of SBM with CM, 3) basal diet with 67% replacement of SBM with CM, and 4) basal diet with 100% replacement of SBM with CM. Ruminal fluid was taken by esophageal tube and blood samples were taken from the jugular vein on days 0, 45 and the end of the experiment.Results and Discussion: The final weight and daily weight gain were not affected by the replacement of oil meals, but it caused a decrease in dry matter intake (P˂0.05). Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration increased in a way that was significant in 33 and 67% replacement (P<0.05). Volatile fatty acids concentration and pH were not affected by treatments. The total population of protozoa and genus Entodinium decreased with the increase in replacement percentage, and according to the interaction effect of time and treatment, the population increased with the increase in the duration of the experiment (P<0.05). The concentration of blood urea increased with the replacement of meals (P<0.05), although this process was influenced by the interaction of treatment and time. With the complete replacement of meals, the concentrations of blood cholesterol and triglycerides increased (P<0.05). Malondialdehyde in the blood of lambs was not affected by replacing SBM with CM. Conclusion: According to the results, camelina meal can be used instead of soybean meal at a maximum level of 67% in diet of fattening lambs.
Ameneh Naseri Moghadam; Mohammad Ebrahim Nooriyan Soroor; Fardin Hozhabri
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of licorice extract (LE) on growth performance, fermentation parameters, and rumen protozoan population in fattening lambs, 28 male lambs weighing 36.45 ± 1.75 kg in a completely randomized design with four treatments and seven replicates were used. Experimental ...
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In order to investigate the effect of licorice extract (LE) on growth performance, fermentation parameters, and rumen protozoan population in fattening lambs, 28 male lambs weighing 36.45 ± 1.75 kg in a completely randomized design with four treatments and seven replicates were used. Experimental treatmeشnts included: control, basic diet without licorice extract, and treatments one to three included basic diet plus five, 10 and 25 mg of LE per kilogram of DM. The ratio of forage to concentrate was 30:70, which was given to the animals as per their appetite. Adding 25 mg of the extract to the diet increased the daily gain and improved the feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). The pH of rumen fluid and gas production increased at the level of 25 mg of extract (P<0.05). Methane production was not affected by adding LE to the diet. The changes in metabolizable energy, degraded organic matter and concentration of volatile fatty acids in diets containing 5 and 25 mg of LE were more than other groups (P<0.05). The total population of protozoa as well as the number of Entodinia decreased by feeding diets containing LE (P<0.05) but the number of Isotrichida increased, significantly. Based on the results of this research, adding 25 mg/kg of licorice extract to the diet improves the rumen metabolism and the performance of fattening lambs, but it had no effect on the amount of energy loss in the form of methane.
sofi darabi; mohammad moeini; Manouchehr Souri; Mohammad Ebrahim Nooriyan Soroor; abdolhamid papzan
Abstract
Present study was designed to investigate the effect of Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) extract on performance and some blood and anti-oxidantparameters of Sanjabi lambs. Eighteen Sanjabi lambs were randomly allocated to three experimental treatments with six replicates in each individualcage for 75 days. ...
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Present study was designed to investigate the effect of Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) extract on performance and some blood and anti-oxidantparameters of Sanjabi lambs. Eighteen Sanjabi lambs were randomly allocated to three experimental treatments with six replicates in each individualcage for 75 days. The experimental treatments were: 1) control group including basal diet without Artichoke extract, 2) basal diet plus 5 ml ofartichoke extract, and 3) basal diet plus 10 ml of artichoke extract per kilogram dry matter. The blood samples were collected from jugular vein oflambs before feeding at morning monthly. The concentration of glucose, cholesterol, total protein, urea, albumin, and the activity of glutathioneperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase enzymes and malondialdehyde were measured. The results of thisexperiment showed that artichoke extract had no significant effect on lambs' performance and growth parameters, but significantly decreased bloodconcentration of cholesterol, triglyceride and malondialdehyde index at the level of 10 ml extract per Kg/DM of diet. The urea and cholesterolconcentrations affected by time and at days 40 of experiment, the amount of this parameters was lower than other times. In general, it can beconcluded that artichoke extract at the level of 10 ml extract had no significant effect on average daily gain and growth performance of lambs butimproved some blood parameters.
Farzo Allah Mostafaei; Mohammad Ebrahim Nooriyan Soroor; mohammad moeini
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding of dried Molasses Distillers Condensed Soluble with bran (MDCS+B) to diets on growth performance, fermentation parameters, protozoa population and some blood biochemical parameters of fattening lambs. Twenty-one Mehraban male lambs (Weight average ...
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This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding of dried Molasses Distillers Condensed Soluble with bran (MDCS+B) to diets on growth performance, fermentation parameters, protozoa population and some blood biochemical parameters of fattening lambs. Twenty-one Mehraban male lambs (Weight average 35 ± 0.5) and 4 month age old were used in 3 treatments for 74 (14 days adaptation and 60 days experiment) days in randomized completely design. Lambs were offered either MDCS+B (control, CON) or the concentrate supplemented with 25 % MDCS+B; or 50% MDCS+B. Lambs were weighed at weekly intervals and blood samples were collected on days 30 and 60 .The rumen fluid samples were collected on days 60 during the fattening period. The results showed that dry matter intake were not different between dietary treatments at second month and total period of experiment as compared to the control group. The addition of MDCS + B at level of 25% increased ruminal ammonia concentration by 10.35% (P=0.054) and total rumen volatile fatty acids concentration increased by 46 % as compared to the control group (P= 0.016). The total protozoa population were not influence by MDCS+B. The price of each kilogram of ration for 25 and 50% MDCS + B were 74 and 155 Tomans respectively, when compared with the control group. The overall results of this study showed that the use of MDCS + B reducing feed costs and can be used up to 50% of concentrate.
Mohammad Ebrahim Nooriyan Soroor; Mohammad Ebarhim Nooriyan Soroor; Mohammad Mahdi Moeini
Abstract
Effects of ethanol and acetone extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra at six levels (0, 50, 100, 200,300 or 500 µl) were evaluated on gas production process, ruminal fermentation and protozoa population in Markhoz goat. The gas production was conducted by alfalfa substrate using compiled randomized design ...
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Effects of ethanol and acetone extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra at six levels (0, 50, 100, 200,300 or 500 µl) were evaluated on gas production process, ruminal fermentation and protozoa population in Markhoz goat. The gas production was conducted by alfalfa substrate using compiled randomized design with five replications in each treatment. The fermentation parameters, methane, partitioning factor (PF) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were recorded. The gas production in 24 h was increased in all levels of both extracts (P˂0.01). The methane production decreased in ethanol extract (P˂ 0.05) however, it was increased by acetone extract at level of 300 and 500 µl (P˂0.01). The organic matter degradability was improved by addition of both extracts (P˂0.01). The Ammonia was declined by ethanol extract (P˂ 0.01). The PF and microbial mass production were decreased by inclusion of both extract, however the VFA and metabolizable energy were enhanced at all levels of both extracts (P˂0.01). All subfamily (except Diplodiniinae)and total protozoa population were decreased by both extracts. It can be concluded that ethanol and acetone extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra has the potential to improve degradability and were decreased methane production and protozoa population of goat rumen.
Ali Khezrian; Mohammad Ebrahim Nooriyan Soroor; Mohammad Mahdi Moeini
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Mentha longofolia plant (MLP) and its essential oils (MLE) on ruminal fermentation and protozoa population in goat. The MLP at six levels 0, 25, 35, 55, 75 and 100 mg/30 ml, and the essential oil at six levels 0, 1700,3000,6700,8300 and 10000 mg/L ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Mentha longofolia plant (MLP) and its essential oils (MLE) on ruminal fermentation and protozoa population in goat. The MLP at six levels 0, 25, 35, 55, 75 and 100 mg/30 ml, and the essential oil at six levels 0, 1700,3000,6700,8300 and 10000 mg/L plus monensin (as positive control, 50 mg and dissolved in ethanol) added to rumen fluid respectively. The in vitro gas production was conducted by compiled randomized design with five replications for each treatment. The gas production was decreased at levels of 75 and 100 mg of MLP (p˂0.001). Organic matter degradability was reduced (p˂0.001) at 75 and 100 mg levels respectively of MLP compared to control. Ammonia nitrogen concentration was decreased (p˂0.001) at all levels of MLP compared with control and monensin treatments. However, partition factor was increased (p˂0.001) only at 100 mg of MLP. The efficiency of microbial protein production was increased (p˂0.001). The metabolisable energy and net energy lactation were decreased (p˂0.001) by inclusion MLP at two level of 75 and 100 mg as total volatile fatty acids reduced, compared with control treatment. The total protozoa and subfamily of Entodinninea were declined (p˂0.001) at all levels of MLP compared with control and positive control treatments. The parameters of methane production, ammonia N and protozoa population were reduced (p˂0.001) by all levels of MLE. The efficiency of microbial protein production was enhanced (p˂0.001).Results suggest that the methane gas production, ammonia N and protozoa populations were reduced in both MLP and MLE and improved partition factor and microbial protein production.