leili jamshidi; sayed abdoullah hosseini; Amir Hossein Alizadeh-Ghamsari
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 61-71
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamins play an important role in improving the performance, immune system, and growth of birds. In recent years, due to the increase of the price of synthetic vitamin supplements and also due to the limitation of the use of commercial antioxidants, plant-based antioxidant sources have ...
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Introduction: Vitamins play an important role in improving the performance, immune system, and growth of birds. In recent years, due to the increase of the price of synthetic vitamin supplements and also due to the limitation of the use of commercial antioxidants, plant-based antioxidant sources have been considered in the poultry industry. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of herbal vitamin E supplements on production traits, humoral immune responses, and some blood parameters of broiler chickens.
Material and method: In a completely randomized design 480 Arian broiler chickens (one-day-old, mixed sexes) were allocated to four treatments, four replicates, and 30 birds in each replicate. Experimental treatments included: 1. basal diet (Contains 25 IU of synthetic vitamin E), 2. basal diet + 25 IU synthetic vitamin E, 3. basal diet + 50 mg herbal vitamin E supplement, and 4. basal diet + 100 mg herbal vitamin E Supplement. In this experiment, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. On day 40, two birds per replicate were randomly selected, weighed, and killed, and then the entire empty carcass and parts of the carcass including breast, thigh, neck back, and wings, abdominal fat, and some organs including heart and spleen were weighed. One day 40 days, to measure the concentration of total protein, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes, blood was collected from each replicate of 4 birds. On day 33 to measure antibody titer against Newcastle disease and influenza, 1 ml SRBC was injected into 4 birds in each repetition.
Result and discussion: The results showed that the experimental treatments had no effects on feed intake, body weight, and FCR. Also, carcass characteristics including carcass percentage, breast, thigh, back, and neck percentage, abdominal fat, heart, spleen, and blood parameters were not affected by experimental treatments. Antibody titer against sheep red blood cell injection had no significant effect.
Conclusion: In total, according to the recommendation of commercial strains, the requirement of vitamin E is 50 IU, therefore in case of providing 25 IU of synthetic vitamin E in the diet, it is possible to provide the rest of the need up to 50 IU by using the herbal vitamin E supplement (at the rate of 50 mg per kilogram of feed) considering there are economic considerations.
Seyed Hamid Mousavi Esfiokhi; Mohammad Reza Sahlabadi; Behzad Khorrami
Volume 25, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 375-388
Abstract
In order to investigate the chemical and nutritional characteristics of pea pod silage (PPS) and its effect on the performance of fattening lambs, 24 Zandi male lambs (initial BW, 33.5 ±1.5 kg) were used in a completely randomized design over 75 days. Experimental treatments were: 1) control; ...
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In order to investigate the chemical and nutritional characteristics of pea pod silage (PPS) and its effect on the performance of fattening lambs, 24 Zandi male lambs (initial BW, 33.5 ±1.5 kg) were used in a completely randomized design over 75 days. Experimental treatments were: 1) control; (basal diet) 2- pea pod silage (PPS replaced wheat straw and alfalfa in the basal diet). The amount of dry matter (DM), crude protein, ether extract, ash, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of PPS were determined 20, 11.8, 1.8, 8, 62 and 20.2 percent, respectively, and pH was 6.02. The rumen degradability potential of DM and in vitro gas production potential of PPS after 96 h of incubation were estimated 83 and 58.6 percent, respectively. The use of PPS in fattening lambs rations improved the final body weight and increased the daily weight gain (P<0.05). The amount of DM digestibility was affected by the treatment (P<0.05), but digestibility of other nutrients was not affected by the experimental treatment. Blood parameters (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL) were not affected by the experimental treatments, except for the glucose, which significantly decreased by feeding PPS (P<0.05). The experimental treatments had no significant effect on carcass traits. Based on the results of this study, the use of pea pod silage as a cost-effective alternative forage in replacement with common forages such as wheat straw and alfalfa can improve the performance of fattening lambs.
Abuzar Bastami; Ali Naghipour; Ali Khatibjoo; Farshid Fattahnia
Volume 25, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 415-428
Abstract
In this experiment, the effect of two types of zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) chelate on performance and bone characteristics of broiler chickens were considered in a completely randomized design, using 490 Ross-308 broiler chickens (one-d-old, mixed sexes) with 7 treatments, 5 replicates and 14 birds in each ...
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In this experiment, the effect of two types of zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) chelate on performance and bone characteristics of broiler chickens were considered in a completely randomized design, using 490 Ross-308 broiler chickens (one-d-old, mixed sexes) with 7 treatments, 5 replicates and 14 birds in each replicate. Treatment consisted of: 1) control (basal diet), 2-4) control + 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg Zn-Meth of Zin-Pro® respectively and 5-7), control + 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg zn-Met synthetized by Ilam University. Results showed that as compared to group, none of zn-Met source had significant effect on broiler chickens feed intake, body weight, FCR and EPEF, carcass and breast and thigh percentages, serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and Ca concentrations, activity of Alkaline phosphatase, Aspartate transaminase and Alanine aminotransferase enzymes and tibia characteristics including weight, dry matter and ash percentages, length, width and diameter and P and Ca percentages (P < 0.05) while broilers fed diet containing Zn-Meth had higher serum and tibia Zn concentration, higher villous height and villous height to crypt depth ratio and lower villous width in ileum and jejunum as compared to negative control group (P < 0.05). Generally, both of the chelates had similar effects on broiler chicken’s performance, small intestine morphology and tibia traits and Iranian kind of Zn-Meth has capability to substitution with foreign source of it although needs to further investigations.
Morteza Pashaei jalal; Anahita Bahrami babaali; Fatemeh Tabandeh; Seyed Davood Sharifi
Volume 25, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 429-443
Abstract
Effect of different sources of probiotic and prebiotic on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal microflora, and blood metabolites using 720 Ross 308 commercial male broiler chickens in a 3×3 factorial experiment with three levels of probiotic (without probiotic, probiotic type ...
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Effect of different sources of probiotic and prebiotic on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal microflora, and blood metabolites using 720 Ross 308 commercial male broiler chickens in a 3×3 factorial experiment with three levels of probiotic (without probiotic, probiotic type I and type 2) and three levels of prebiotic (without prebiotic, prebiotic type 1 and type II), in a completely randomized design with nine experimental groups (four replications and 20 birds were studied in each replication. Birds that were fed with diets containing type 2 probiotics had a lower conversion factor (P<0.05). Diets containing prebiotic type 1 as well as diets containing probiotic type II and diets containing probiotic type II and two prebiotics under test reduced serum cholesterol and LDL concentrations (P < 0.05). The effect of the experimental treatments on carcass fat was not significant, but the birds fed diets containing prebiotic type 1 had less abdominal fat (P<0.05). At 21 days old, the population of ٍ E. coli in the ileum and ceca of birds that received probiotics, prebiotics, and their combinations decreased (P < 0.05). At 38 days of age, feeding the birds with probiotics and prebiotics and a combination of them reduced the population of E. coli in the ceca and increased lactobacillus in the ileum (P < 0.05). The results of this experiment showed that probiotics or prebiotics assayed in this study have positive effects on the increase of beneficial intestinal bacteria (Acid lactic bacteria), blood biochemical traits, and FCR in broiler chickens.
Kamel Amozadeh Araee; Taghi Ghoorchi; Abdolhakim Toghdory
Volume 25, Issue 3 , October 2023, , Pages 267-279
Abstract
Introduction: Minerals affect wool production in sheep by affecting feed intake, altering rumen function and affecting the flow of nutrients from the rumen or by directly disrupting the animal's metabolism. Wool has the highest concentration of sulfur, which indicates the higher need of wool-producing ...
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Introduction: Minerals affect wool production in sheep by affecting feed intake, altering rumen function and affecting the flow of nutrients from the rumen or by directly disrupting the animal's metabolism. Wool has the highest concentration of sulfur, which indicates the higher need of wool-producing sheep for sulfur than other breeds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of bentonite sulfur on yield, wool quality, blood minerals, liver enzymes and thyroid hormones of ewes.Materials and Methods: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of different levels of bentonite sulfur in sheep. For this purpose, 18 Dalagh ewes (average weight 38 ± 3.5 kg) were kept individually for 42 days with three treatments and 6 repetitions. Experimental treatments included: 1) control (without bentonite sulfur), 2) treatment containing 0.15 percent of bentonite sulfur and 3) treatment containing 0.3 percent of bentonite sulfur(based on dry matter). At first, to ensure the health of all the ewes, they are subjected to a thorough and thorough examination. The bentonite sulfur used in this research contanied 90% sulfur and 10% bentonite. The diets used in this experiment were prepared and adjusted according to the tables of NRC and were given to the ewes in the morning and evening. Ewes were weighed at the beginning and the end of the period after 16 hours of starvation using a digital scale. In order to determine the quality of sheep's wool, in the initial test, the ewes were arranged uniformly on the 41st day of the experiment, and samples were taken from the left side of the ewes in a 10 x 10 cm format according to the common and standard instructions using a manual wool picker. For determination of blood parameters, on the last day of the experiment, three hours after morning feeding, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of the ewes.Results and discussion: The results obtained from this research showed that with the increase in the level of bentonite sulfur in the diet, the length of fibers, efficiency, strength, kemp and the coefficient of variation of fiber diameter increased (P<0.05). Also, increasing the level of bentonite sulfur increased the concentration of serum sulfur and triiodothyronine hormone (P<0.05). Bentonite sulfur supplementation had no significant effect on final weight, daily weight gain, dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio of ewes. Also, different levels of bentonite sulfur had no significant effect on Non-Medullated fibers, Medullated fibers, average diameter and fiber crude protein. copper gallate, calcium, selenium, phosphorus and serum molybdenum. Addition of bentonite sulfur had no significant effect on serum concentrations of copper, calcium, selenium, phosphorus, molybdenum as well as the concentration of liver enzymes of experimental ewes. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the use of bentonite sulfur up to the level of 0.3% of dry matter, could improve the strength and efficiency of wool fibers and it can be used in feeding ewes without having negative effects on their health and performance.
Shokufeh Hasanvand; Ali Khatibjoo; Hassan Shizadi; Yahya Mohamadi; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; Drakhshanda Rahimhi
Volume 25, Issue 3 , October 2023, , Pages 325-341
Abstract
Introduction: Exposure of poultry birds to extreme temperature stressor modulates the immune responsiveness and haemato-biochemical parameters of birds. Cold temperature can increase ascites susceptibility by increasing both metabolic oxygen requirements and pulmonary hypertension. Biochar is an ash ...
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Introduction: Exposure of poultry birds to extreme temperature stressor modulates the immune responsiveness and haemato-biochemical parameters of birds. Cold temperature can increase ascites susceptibility by increasing both metabolic oxygen requirements and pulmonary hypertension. Biochar is an ash substance that is produced from the burning of biological material via pyrolysis. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of wet Litter Biochar on performance of cold-stressed broiler chickens.
Material and Methods: In this experiment, the effect of wet litter biochar (WLB), probiotic and zeolite on performance, blood metabolites and small intestine morphology of broiler chickens reared under cold stress were investigated. In a completely randomized design 350 Ross-308 broiler chickens (one-day-old, mixed sexes) were allocated to seven treatments, five replicates and 10 birds in each replicate. Experimental treatments included: 1) positive control (basal diet in recommended temperature), 2) negative control (basal diet+ cold stress), 3) negative control+ %0.5 WLB, 4) negative control+ %0.75 WLB, 5) negative control+ 1% WLB, 6) negative control+ 0.02% probiotic Ecobacto-P, and 7) negative control+ 1% zeolite. In cold stress groups, house temperature decreased to 17° C from 7 d until end of the experiment (42 d).
Results and Discussion: As compared to group reared in recommended house, cold stress significantly decreased broiler chickens feed intake, body weight gain (BWG), carcass and abdominal fat percentages, serum triglyceride concentration, activity of aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes as well as villous width of jejunum and ileum while increased total and ascitic mortality, ileal and jejunal villous height and crypt depth to villous length ratio (P<0.05). Inclusion of 0.5 and 1% WLB and probiotic increased broiler chickens BWG, ileal and jejunal villous length and surface area, but decreased feed conversion ratio as compared to negative control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Generally, although addition of wet litter biochar and probiotic led to improvement in performance and small intestine morphometry of cold-stressed broiler chickens, but they did not completely catch-up negative effects of cold stress on broiler chickens.
AliReza Shabani Monazam; Mohammad Ali Norouzian; Mahdi Behgar; Azam Borzoie
Volume 24, Issue 3 , October 2022, , Pages 291-300
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition and nutritional characteristics of corn seeds exposed to gamma ray and the effect of its silage feeding on performance of finishing male Zandi lambs. First, the germination characteristics of control and irradiated corn seeds with different ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition and nutritional characteristics of corn seeds exposed to gamma ray and the effect of its silage feeding on performance of finishing male Zandi lambs. First, the germination characteristics of control and irradiated corn seeds with different dosages of gamma ray (25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 gray) were measured. After determining the appropriate dose, corn seeds were irradiated with gamma ray at 25 gray and cultivated in the field. At the end of the growth period, corn forage was harvested and ensiled in experimental and farm silages. In addition, the effects of feeding experimental silages on performance and blood metabolites of finishing Zandi lambs were determined. Experimental treatments were: 1) control; diet containing 20% non-irradiated corn silage and 2) diet containing 20% corn silage irradiated with 25 gray gamma ray. Irradiation with 25 dosage of gamma gray increased secondary roots, plumule and rootlet number in greenhouse condition as compared to other irradiation dosages (P<0.01). Irradiated corn had higher levels of soluble carbohydrates, soluble protein and chlorophyll content in the field condition compared to control group (P<0.01). Silage obtained from irradiated corn had higher crude protein content and lower pH compared to control (P<0.05). Feeding irradiated corn silage increased final body weight and average daily gain and improved feed conversion ratio of fattening lambs (P<0.05). Based on the results of the present study, irradiation of corn seeds with gamma ray improves corn silage quality and performance of fattening lambs.
Maryam Harsini; tahereh mohammadabadi; hosein Motamedi; Mohsen Sari; Asadolah Teimouri Yansari
Volume 24, Issue 3 , October 2022, , Pages 301-312
Abstract
effect of these bacteriaon the performance of fattening lambs, digestibility, fermentation and blood parameters. Thirty Afshari male lambs with an average weight of 32 ± 3 kg and age of four months were used in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments included diets containing ...
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effect of these bacteriaon the performance of fattening lambs, digestibility, fermentation and blood parameters. Thirty Afshari male lambs with an average weight of 32 ± 3 kg and age of four months were used in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments included diets containing wheat straw processed with four bacterial strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of horse (Paenibacillus polymyxa L11, Paenibacillus polymyxa L12Enterobacter cloacae L2 and Escherichia coli Z2) for 6 weeks; and the control treatment. The results showed that bacterial processing increased crude protein and decreased NDF, iNDF and ADF content, as well as increased organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) of wheat straw compared to the control. The highest amount of OMD and ME was assigned toL11. Apparent digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF, concentrations and ratios of ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA), ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen were affected by bacterial processing. The highest nutrient digestibility was assigned to the L11 and and the lowest amount was assigned to the control treatment. The lowest amount of ruminal ammonia nitrogen was observed in L11 treatment. Bacterial treatments increased total VFA, propionate concentration and decreased rumen acetate concentration. According to the results, processing of wheat straw with cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the horse's gastrointestinal tract (especially L11) improved nutritional value of wheat straw. Therefore, it seems that bacterial processing can be a suitable strategyfor better use of crop by-product with low nutritional value.
Saifali Varmaghany; poorya Dadvar; mansoor Ahmadi; Hosang Jafari
Volume 24, Issue 3 , October 2022, , Pages 355-364
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of olive leaf powder feeding in different breeding periods on immunity, intestinal bacterial population and blood biochemical parameters of Arian broiler chickens. A total of 336 one-day-old male broiler (Arian strain 386) were studied in a completely ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of olive leaf powder feeding in different breeding periods on immunity, intestinal bacterial population and blood biochemical parameters of Arian broiler chickens. A total of 336 one-day-old male broiler (Arian strain 386) were studied in a completely randomized design with six treatments for 42 days. The experimental treatments included: control diet (without olive leaves) and the other groups were fed a diet containing 1% olive leaves: from one to14 days, one to 21 days, one to 28 days, one to 35 days and one to days. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were similar in all groups, but the mortality rate in one to 42 days treatment was lower than other treatments (P <0.01). The amount of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in one to 35 days and one to 42 days treatments was lower than other treatments (P <0.05). The alanine aminotransferase activity in the control treatment was higher and in the one to42 days treatment was lower than other treatments (P <0.05). Higher population of Lactobacillus were observed for treatments of one to 28 days, one to 35 days and one to 42 days in jejunum (P <0.01) and one to 21 days, one to 28 days, one to 35 days and one to 42 days in ileum. (P <0.05). The results of this experiment showed that feeding 10 gr/kg of dry olive leaves during the 42 days of the breeding period of broilers led to a reduction in mortality without any negative effect on performance and immunity.
shahla Nematollahian; Masoud Alipanah
Volume 24, Issue 2 , July 2022, , Pages 139-149
Abstract
Different types of imported and domesticatedhybrids of silkworm are rearing in different climatic conditions in Iran. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of silkworm hybrids used in two climatic regions ofIran, namely Shaft in Guilan province and Torbat Heydariyeh in Khorasan Razavi ...
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Different types of imported and domesticatedhybrids of silkworm are rearing in different climatic conditions in Iran. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of silkworm hybrids used in two climatic regions ofIran, namely Shaft in Guilan province and Torbat Heydariyeh in Khorasan Razavi province.For this study, four Iranian hybrids and 14 Chinese imported hybrids were used in a completely randomized block design. For the studied traitsnumber of cocoons per liter, average weight of a cocoon, and weight of cocoon produced from a box, there was a significant difference(P<0.01) between the hybrids as well as the regions. The results of the present study showed that the performance of silkworm hybrids, regardless of their origin, is more affected by the rearing environment and there is a difference between hybrids in the studied climates. Therefore, selecting the most suitable hybrids for different climates of Iran seem to be essential.
Morteza Pashaei- jalal; seyed davood sharifi; Shirin Honarbakhsh
Volume 24, Issue 2 , July 2022, , Pages 151-163
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emulsifier in diet with with energy reduction on performance, carcass characteristics and some of blood traits of broilers. A total of 540 one-day-old chicks of Ross 308 strain in a 3×3 factorial arrangement with three levels of emulsifier ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emulsifier in diet with with energy reduction on performance, carcass characteristics and some of blood traits of broilers. A total of 540 one-day-old chicks of Ross 308 strain in a 3×3 factorial arrangement with three levels of emulsifier (0, 250 and 500 mg / kg) and three levels of dietary energy (requirement, and 45 and 90 kcal/Kg, 60 and 105 kcal/kg and 75 and 120 kcal/kg less than requirement for the starter, grower and finisher diets, respectively) in a completely randomized design with 9 treatments, 4 replications and 15 birds per replication were used. In total rearing period, feed intake increased by decreasing the dietary energy (P<0.05). Birds fed diets supplemented by emulsifier had higher weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). The relative weights of the liver, ceca, and abdominal fat were not affected by different levels of dietary energy. The emulsifier × diet interaction had no significant effect on cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol: HDL, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline Phosphatase. Adding emulsifier to normal diets or diets with more energy deficiency increased blood triglyceride concentration (P<0.05). Supplementing diets with mild energy deficiency by emulsifier increased serum Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P<0.05). According to the results, the use of 250 gr/t emulsifier in low energy diets improved the performance of broiler chickens.
Amir Hossein Alizadeh-Ghamsari; sayed abdoullah hosseini; Hamidreza Khoshkerdar; Mohammadreza Soleymani Damaneh
Volume 24, Issue 2 , July 2022, , Pages 177-187
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of a domestically produced synbiotic to drinking water on production traits, carcass characteristics and the small intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens. Four hundred one-day-old Ross 308 broilers (a mixture of ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of a domestically produced synbiotic to drinking water on production traits, carcass characteristics and the small intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens. Four hundred one-day-old Ross 308 broilers (a mixture of two sexes with equal proportion) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 5 replicates, and of 20 birds per each replicate. Experimental treatments included adding levels: zero (control), 50, 100 and 150 g of synbiotic (Biopoul) per 1000 liters of drinking water. At 42 days of age, the addition of 50 or 100 g of synbiotic per 1000 liters of drinking water significantly decreased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). The increase of production index in the group receiving 100 g of Biopoul compared to the control showed a tendency (P = 0.08). Biopoul in the levels of 50, 100 and 150 g increased the total number of lactobacilli and decreased the number of yeasts and molds, coliforms and total gram-negative bacteria in the ileum compared to the control (P<0.05). According to the obtained results, the use of 100 g of synbiotic Biopoul per 1000 liters of drinking water of broiler chickens can improve the production index while helping to balance the small intestinal microbial population.
Jamil Habibi; Hossein Reaz Shahbazi; Forugh Mohammadi
Volume 24, Issue 2 , July 2022, , Pages 189-199
Abstract
The present experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract and vitamin E on performance, biochemical parameters of blood and immune system of broilers. Two hundred and forty one-day-old male broiler chicks Ross 308 were used in a completely randomized design with ...
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The present experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract and vitamin E on performance, biochemical parameters of blood and immune system of broilers. Two hundred and forty one-day-old male broiler chicks Ross 308 were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications, each replication containing 15 chickens. Experimental diets include 1- control (basal diet without thyme and vitamin E), 2- basal diet+ 250 mg/kg thyme extract, 3- basal diet+ 100 mg/kg vitamin E and 4- basal diet+ 250 mg/kg thyme extract+ 100 mg/kg vitamin E. The results showed that the increase in body weight and feed conversion ratio throughout the period in the diet containing a mixture of thyme extract and vitamin E were significantly increased and decreased, respectively (P<0.05). Differences in cholesterol and LDL concentrations in treatments containing thyme extract and vitamin E, as well as their mixtures, were significantly reduced with control (P<0.05). Thymus weight increased significantly compared to the control in all experimental treatments (P<0.05). In general, the results showed that the use of a mixture of thyme extract and vitamin E in the diet of broilers can improve performance and strengthen the immune system.
farid moslemipur; Tahereh Aftabi; Shahriar Maghsoudlou; Ebrahim Gholamalipur Alamdari
Volume 24, Issue 2 , July 2022, , Pages 201-211
Abstract
Effect of using eucalyptus (Eucalyptus SPP) leaf chloroform oral extract (EE) and black pepper (Piper nigrum) powder (BP) in diet on growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters and microbial populations of intestine and syrinx was investigated in a 42 days trial with 160 Cobb 500 day-old chicks ...
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Effect of using eucalyptus (Eucalyptus SPP) leaf chloroform oral extract (EE) and black pepper (Piper nigrum) powder (BP) in diet on growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters and microbial populations of intestine and syrinx was investigated in a 42 days trial with 160 Cobb 500 day-old chicks divided into four treatments and four replicates as a completely randomized design. The treatments were 1- basal diet (control), 2- basal diet and adding 0.1 % EE solution in drinking water, 3- diet having 0.2% BP, and 4- diet having 0.2% BP and 0.1% EE solution in drinking water. Over the study, feed intake of chickens consumed oral EE or BP in diet and/or the combination of them was lower than chickens in control group (P<0.05). Weight gain and feed conversion ratio of chickens were not affected by the treatments. Oral EE resulted in greater percentile lungs weight and lower heart and abdominal fat weights in chickens (P<0.05). Using oral EE or BP in diet and/or the combination of them caused a significant decrease in serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol and uric acid in chickens (P<0.05). Hematological parameters of chickens were not affected by the experimental treatments. Chickens consumed oral EE or BP in diet and/or the combination of them showed a significant lower intestinal E-coli population than control birds (P<0.05). Furthermore, using oral EE caused a decrease in Mycoplasma population of broilers Syrinx (P<0.05). The results showed that using oral EE leads to lowered abdominal fat and microbial populations of intestine and syrinx while adding BP in diet leads a decrease in microbial populations of intestine in broiler chickens.
Ali Kalantari-Hesari; Mohammad reza Asadi; Mohammad Babaei
Volume 24, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 47-58
Abstract
The effect of Betaplus probiotic levels in the diet on growth performance and histomorphometry of Japanese quail jejunum was investigated by using 288 broiler chicks with six treatments of four replications and 12 birds per each in a completely randomized design from one to 42 days of age. Treatments ...
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The effect of Betaplus probiotic levels in the diet on growth performance and histomorphometry of Japanese quail jejunum was investigated by using 288 broiler chicks with six treatments of four replications and 12 birds per each in a completely randomized design from one to 42 days of age. Treatments included: control group (without additives); three diets containing levels of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg of Betaplus probiotic; diet with deficient in protein, and diet with deficient in protein and contained 1 g/kg of Betaplus. Feed intake, body weight and increase body weight were measured weekly and conversion factor was calculated. At 42 days of age, two birds were randomly selected from each replicate and the traits related to carcass dissection were assessed. For histomorphometrical evaluation of the intestine, the jejunum samples were collected. The utility of betaplus probiotic at level 1 g/kg improved food intake, weight gain, conversion factor and some histomorphometrical parameters of jejunum (p <0.05), In birds were feed with level of 1.5 g/kg Betaplus, the villi thickness and crypt diameter and number of the goblet cells were decreased (p <0.05). According to the results, the use of Betaplus probiotic at level 1 g/kg in the diet improves the growth performance and histological parameters of the jejunum in Japanese quail.
Farzad Bastami; Ali Khatibjoo; Saifali Varmaghany
Volume 24, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 67-80
Abstract
The effects of valine supplementation on performance, immunity and behavoural indices of broiler chickens reared under heat stress condition was evaluated. Total of 420 male and female Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated to 6 treatments with 5 replicates in a completely randomized design. Experimental ...
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The effects of valine supplementation on performance, immunity and behavoural indices of broiler chickens reared under heat stress condition was evaluated. Total of 420 male and female Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated to 6 treatments with 5 replicates in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups were as fallows: positive control (fed basal diet and reared under Ross-308 recommended rearing temperature), Nagative control (fed basal diet and reared under heat stress (HS)), and four treatment groups fed basal diet supplemented with 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent valine above the Ross-308 valine recommendation and reared under HS. Heat stress significantly decreased feed intake, body weight and European production efficiency factor (EPEF), antibody titer against NewCastle, lymphocyte percentage, serum total protein concentration and alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and increased heterophile percentage, heterophile to lymphocyte ratio, rectal temperature and tunic immobility of broiler chickens (P < 0.05), but 5% valine supplementation improved BW of broiler chicken at the end of grower and BW and EPEF at the end of total period; 10% valine supplementation increased relative weight of breast and thigh muscle and 15 and 20% valine supplementation increased lymphocyte and decreased heterophile percentage as compared to control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 5% valine supplementation improved final body weight and feed convertion ratio of heat-stressed broiler chikens and 15 and 20% valin inclusion improved blood immune cell percentages but had no effect on humoral immune response and tunic immobility test of HS broiler chickens.
Mostafa Hossein Abadi; Taghi Ghoorchi; Abdolhakim Toghdory
Volume 24, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 35-45
Abstract
Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, health index, nutrient digestibility, serum metabolites and feed consumption behavior of infant calves using 18 Simmental infant male calves aged about 20 days and initial body weight 47±2.4 kg was studied in a completely randomized design ...
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Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, health index, nutrient digestibility, serum metabolites and feed consumption behavior of infant calves using 18 Simmental infant male calves aged about 20 days and initial body weight 47±2.4 kg was studied in a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications. Treatments included: 1- control group (without yeast), 2- treatments containing 2.5 grams of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast per day and 3- Treatments containing five grams of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast per day. The trial period was 60 days, which included a seven-day acclimatization period. Dry matter intake and daily weight gain were measured and feed conversion ratio was calculated. Digestibility of nutrients and blood metabolites were measured. Calves receiving five grams of yeast had higher weight gain and better conversion ratio (P <0.05). Blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and nitrogen urea concentrations were not affected by experimental treatments. Dry matter digestibility was higher in calves consuming 5 g of yeast than the control group (P <0.05). According to the results of this study, the use of yeast improves daily weight gain and improves feed conversion ratio as well as significantly increases dry matter digestibility, so it is possible to use Sacromycis cerevisiae in the diets of suckling calves, Used at a level of five grams per day.
mostafa hosein abadi; taghi ghorchi; abdolhakim toghdari
Volume 24, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 35-45
Abstract
Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, health index, nutrient digestibility, serum metabolites and feed intake behavior of dairy calves using 18 Simmental dairy male calves aged about 20 days and initial body weight 47±2.4 kg was studied in a completely randomized design with ...
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Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, health index, nutrient digestibility, serum metabolites and feed intake behavior of dairy calves using 18 Simmental dairy male calves aged about 20 days and initial body weight 47±2.4 kg was studied in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 6 replications. Treatments included: 1- control group (without yeast), 2- treatment containing 2.5 grams of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast per day and 3- treatment containing 5 grams of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast per day. The experimental period lasted 60 days, which the first 7 days were considered as adaptation period. Dry matter intake and daily weight gain were measured, and feed conversion ratio was calculated. Digestibility of nutrients and blood metabolites were also determined. The calves received 5 grams of yeast had higher weight gain and better feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and nitrogen urea concentrations were not affected by experimental treatments. The digestibility of dry matter was higher in dairy calves consuming 5 grams of yeast than the control group (P< 0.05). According to the results of the present study, the use of yeast increased daily weight gain and dry matter digestibility and improved feed conversion ratio. Therefore, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast can be used in dairy calf diets at a level of 5 grams per day
ali kalantari hesari; mohammad reza asadi; mohammad babaei
Volume 24, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 47-58
Abstract
The effect of Betaplus probiotic in the diet on growth performance and histomorphometry of Japanese quail jejunum was investigated by using 288 broiler chicks with 6 treatments, 4 replications and 12 birds per each in a completely randomized design from 1 to 42 days of age. The experimental treatments ...
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The effect of Betaplus probiotic in the diet on growth performance and histomorphometry of Japanese quail jejunum was investigated by using 288 broiler chicks with 6 treatments, 4 replications and 12 birds per each in a completely randomized design from 1 to 42 days of age. The experimental treatments included: control group (without additives); three diets containing levels of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg of Betaplus probiotic; diet with deficient in protein, and diet with deficient in protein and contained 1 g/kg of Betaplus. Feed intake, and body weight gain were measured weekly and feed conversion ratio was calculated. At 42 days of age, two birds were randomly selected from each replicate and the traits related to carcass dissection were assessed. For histomorphometrical evaluation of the intestine, the jejunum samples were collected. The utility of Betaplus probiotic at level 1 g/kg improved food intake, weight gain, conversion factor and some histomorphometrical parameters of jejunum (P< 0.05). In birds were fed with level of 1.5 g/kg Betaplus, the villi thickness and crypt diameter and number of the goblet cells were decreased (P< 0.05). According to the results, the use of Betaplus probiotic at level 1 g/kg in the diet improves the growth performance and histological parameters of the jejunum in Japanese quail.
Mohammad Hossein nemati; Mustafa Hajilou; sayed abdoullah hosseini; seyyed saeid mousavi
Volume 23, Issue 4 , January 2022, , Pages 549-559
Abstract
In this research the effect of Bioplus B2 probiotic and galactooligosaccharide prebiotic (GOS) on performance, egg quality, and some blood parameters of commercial laying hens were investigated in a sample of 216 hy-line laying hens (w36) with the same average weight aging 50 to 62 weeks for a period ...
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In this research the effect of Bioplus B2 probiotic and galactooligosaccharide prebiotic (GOS) on performance, egg quality, and some blood parameters of commercial laying hens were investigated in a sample of 216 hy-line laying hens (w36) with the same average weight aging 50 to 62 weeks for a period of 12 weeks in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments, 6 replications and 6 hens per each replication in the cage system. Experimental treatments included 1) without additives (as control), 2) diets containing 0.1% Bioplus B2 probiotic, 3) to 6) diets; containing, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.20 % of galactooligosaccharides prebiotic, respectively. The results indicated that both egg weight and mass was increased significantly (P<0.05) in the Bioplus B2 probiotic treatment. Egg production percentage, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly influenced by treatments. Using galactooligosaccharide at the levels of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 percent improved dry eggshell weight significantly while the levels of 0.05, 0.15 and 0.2 percent increased eggshell weight per unit area compared to the control (P<0.05). Total protein and albumin of serum increased in the Bioplus B2 treatment (P<0.05). Using Bioplus B2 probiotic and 0.15% galactooligosaccharide significantly decreased blood cholesterol level (P<0.05). In general, the results showed that the using of prebiotic galactooligosaccharide at the level of 0.15 % increases the weight of eggshell per unit area, decreases the blood serum cholesterol, and improves some performance traits compared to control group, therefore it can be used instead of probiotic Bioplus B2.
Fateme Ahamadi; hamid Amanlou; Najme Eslamian Farsuni; Tahere Amirabadi Farahani
Volume 23, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 363-374
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of decreasing dietary protein content with supplementing protected methionine (pMet) and lysine (pLys) on intake, milk yield, metabolic status, and apparent digestibility of nutrients in Holstein fresh cows. Immediately after calving, 16 cows ...
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of decreasing dietary protein content with supplementing protected methionine (pMet) and lysine (pLys) on intake, milk yield, metabolic status, and apparent digestibility of nutrients in Holstein fresh cows. Immediately after calving, 16 cows with the similar BCS and parity were randomly assigned to two treatments. Experimental diets provided equal amounts of lysine (132 to 133 g/d) and methionine (40 to 43 g/d). The treatments were: a diet containing 18.35 % CP without supplementing pMet and pLys (HP); and a diet containing 16.45 % CP with supplementing rumen-protected amino acids (LPML). Individual dry matter intake and milk yield were recorded daily during fresh period. Blood samples were collected at 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d after calving to determine the serum concentrations of mineral and metabolites. Feed intake was not affected by experimental diets but milk yield was higher for HP cows than cows in LPML (P < 0.01). The yield of milk protein, lactose, fat and concentration of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) were higher in HP cows compared to LPML (P < 0.05). Compared to HP cows, cows in LPML had lower blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and higher serum concentrations of total protein and globulin (P < 0.01). Based on the results of the present study, reducing dietary protein content while maintaining the supply of limiting amino acids decreased lactational performance and feed efficiency of Holstein fresh cows.
Mohammad Hossein nemati; Hassan Almasi; Reza Masomi; mohamad hossein shahir
Volume 23, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 447-457
Abstract
In this research the effect of using domestic (Multibehcil) and imported (Bioplus B2) probiotic supplements and Avilamycin antibiotics were investigated on performance, parameters of blood lipid and small intestine morphology by a sample of 360 male Ross-308 broilers aging 11 to 42 days-old in a completely ...
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In this research the effect of using domestic (Multibehcil) and imported (Bioplus B2) probiotic supplements and Avilamycin antibiotics were investigated on performance, parameters of blood lipid and small intestine morphology by a sample of 360 male Ross-308 broilers aging 11 to 42 days-old in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments, 4 replications and 15 chickens per each replicate. Experimental treatments included 1) without additive (control), 2) diets containing 0.1% of commercial bioplus B2 probiotic, 3) diets containing 0.01% of avilamycin antibiotic and treatments 4) to 6) diets containing 0.05%, 1% and 0.15% of Multibehcil, respectively. The results showed that body weight and feed conversion ratio was improved by using bioplus B2 probiotic and antibiotic (P < 0.05). Body weight and feed conversion ratio in birds receiving 0.1% and 0.15% of Multibehcil were not significantly different from birds receiving bioplus probiotic. Feed intake was not affected by the experimental treatments. Humoral immune response and intestinal morphological parameters in birds receiving 0.15% of Multibehcil was not significantly different from the control group and it was statistically equal to the groups receiving bioplus probiotics and antibiotics. The LDL level of blood showed a significant decrease in Bioplus B2, antibiotic and 0.15% of Multibehcil treatments (P < 0.05). In general, the results indicated that using of Multibehcil at the level of 0.15 percent can be a suitable alternative for both Bioplus B2 and Avilamycin during grower and finisher period in broilers.
seyyed mohammadreza salavati; Ahmad Hassanabadi; Mohsen Teimurty; Aliakbar Salari
Volume 23, Issue 2 , July 2021, , Pages 255-267
Abstract
The effect of heat processing of wheat grains and enzyme supplementation on its apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and digestibility of protein and dry matter as well as the effect of their use in the diet on the growth performance, jejunum morphology and microbial population of ileum were investigated. ...
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The effect of heat processing of wheat grains and enzyme supplementation on its apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and digestibility of protein and dry matter as well as the effect of their use in the diet on the growth performance, jejunum morphology and microbial population of ileum were investigated. For this purpose, 480 broiler chickens in a 4×2 factorial experiment with three levels of heat processing of wheat at 55, 70 and 85 °C for 2.5 minutes (with one treatment without thermal processing) and Rovabio enzyme (0 and 500 g/ton of diet) was used in a completely randomized design with eight treatments, six replicates of 10 birds each at the age of 25-42 days. Heat processing of wheat at 55 and 85 °C increased its AME compared to unprocessed treatment; So that the AME of processed wheat at 85 °C was 2.49% higher than unprocessed wheat (P<0.05). Enzyme supplementation significantly increased the AME of wheat (P < 0.05). Wheat processing at all three temperatures reduced the height of jejunum villi compared to the unprocessed group (P < 0.01). Also, processing of wheat at 70 and 85 °C increased the population of lactobacilli compared to treatment without processing (P = 0.05). The use of enzyme in the diet reduced the feed intake of the birds and the height of jejunal villi (P<0.05). Overall,, enzyme supplementation and heat processing of wheat improve its AME but have no remarkable effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens.
Behnam Roshani; Mohammad Ali Norouzian; Ahmad Afzalzadeh
Volume 23, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 13-20
Abstract
To study the effects of replacing canola meal with black seed meal on performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics, eighteen male lambs (with initial BW, 29.5 ±1.5 kg and 110 ± 7 days of age) were used in a completely randomized design with 3 different treatments over ...
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To study the effects of replacing canola meal with black seed meal on performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics, eighteen male lambs (with initial BW, 29.5 ±1.5 kg and 110 ± 7 days of age) were used in a completely randomized design with 3 different treatments over 90 days. Experimental treatments were: 1) control; diet containing 9% canola meal, 2) diet containing 4.5 % canola meal plus 4.5 % black seed meal and 3) diet containing 9 % black seed meal. The amount of dry matter, ash, crude protein, fat, NDF, ADF, and ADIN of black seed meal was 92.60 ±0.58, 7.24±0.27, 35.8±1.0, 12.31±0.51, 24.56±1.24, 13.0±0.79 and 2.15±0.17, respectively. There were no significant differences between treatments for digestibility of organic matter, NDF, fat and protein. Daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, daily weight gain, final body weight, carcass efficiency, weight of liver, heart, kidney and testis were not differed between experimental groups. However, lambs fed with black seed meal had lower level of subcutaneous fat, tail-fat and total body fat deposition compared to control group (P<0.05). Feeding 9% black seed meal increased blood total protein and albumin concentration compared to the other experimental groups (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that it could be feasible to use black seed meal up to 9% in finishing lamb diet.
Abbas Rajaeerad; Gholam Reza Ghorbani; Mohammad Khorvash; Ali Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi; Amir Hossein Mahdavi; Masoud Boroumand Jazi; Mirja Rosmarie Wilkens
Volume 23, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 21-33
Abstract
The effects of different levels of mild metabolic acidosis by anionic diet on the performance of transition dairy cows were investegieted in 12 cows from 3 weeks (wk) before calving. One wk before calving, cows assigned to two groups according to urine pH (UpH) to recommended level (R UpH=6.2 ...
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The effects of different levels of mild metabolic acidosis by anionic diet on the performance of transition dairy cows were investegieted in 12 cows from 3 weeks (wk) before calving. One wk before calving, cows assigned to two groups according to urine pH (UpH) to recommended level (R UpH=6.2 to 7) and less than 6.3 (low UpH). The average prepartum urine pH was 6.7 and 5.8 for R UpH and low UpH groups, respectively (P<0.01). The prepartum serum concentration of Ca was not affected by the experimental groups, but significantly increased in the low UpH group within 2 h after calving. A trend was observed for higher serum concentration of phosphorus in the low UpH cows before calving. Although no significant difference was observed in prepartum DMI, but postpartum DMI and milk production were higher during wk 1 after calving in low UpH group (P<0.05). Total concentrations of protein and globulin were decreased on the day before calving in low UpH group. Also, after calving the concentrations of BUN, total protein, globulin, and milk protein were lower in this group of cows (P<0.05). Therefore, the induction of higher levels of metabolic acidosis in comparison to the recommended level before calving, can improve serum concentration of Ca and performance of transition cows.