Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 PhD student of Poultry Nutrition- Faculty of agriculture - Ilam University
2 Department of Animal Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Animal Science Research Department, Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ilam, Iran.
Abstract
The effects of valine supplementation on performance, immunity and behavoural indices of broiler chickens reared under heat stress condition was evaluated. Total of 420 male and female Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated to 6 treatments with 5 replicates in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups were as fallows: positive control (fed basal diet and reared under Ross-308 recommended rearing temperature), Nagative control (fed basal diet and reared under heat stress (HS)), and four treatment groups fed basal diet supplemented with 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent valine above the Ross-308 valine recommendation and reared under HS. Heat stress significantly decreased feed intake, body weight and European production efficiency factor (EPEF), antibody titer against NewCastle, lymphocyte percentage, serum total protein concentration and alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and increased heterophile percentage, heterophile to lymphocyte ratio, rectal temperature and tunic immobility of broiler chickens (P < 0.05), but 5% valine supplementation improved BW of broiler chicken at the end of grower and BW and EPEF at the end of total period; 10% valine supplementation increased relative weight of breast and thigh muscle and 15 and 20% valine supplementation increased lymphocyte and decreased heterophile percentage as compared to control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 5% valine supplementation improved final body weight and feed convertion ratio of heat-stressed broiler chikens and 15 and 20% valin inclusion improved blood immune cell percentages but had no effect on humoral immune response and tunic immobility test of HS broiler chickens.
Keywords
- Agostini PS, Santos RR, Khan DR, Siebert D and van der Aar P (2019). The optimum valine: lysine ratios on performance and carcass traits of male broilers based on different regression approaches. Poultry Science, 98: 1310-20.
- Allameh S and Toghyani M (2019). Effect of dietary valine supplementation to low protein diets on performance, intestinal morphology and immune responses in broiler chickens. Livestock Science, 229: 137-44.
- Aviagen Ross broiler nutrition recommendation. 2019.
- Baghban-Kanani P, Daneshyar M and Najafi R (2016). Effects of cinnamon and turmeric powders supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and some serum parameters of broiler chickens under heat stress condition. Animal Production Researches, 26(1): 63-75.
- Bowker B and Zhuang H (2015). Relationship between water-holding capacity and protein denaturation in broiler breast meat. Poultry Science, 94:1657-64.
- Chamruspollert M, Pesti GM and Bakalli RI (2004). Chick responses to dietary arginine and methionine levels at different environmental temperatures. British poultry science, 45(1): 93-100.
- Chowdhury VS, Tomonaga S, Ikegami T, Erwan E, Ito K, Cockrem JF and Furuse M (2014). Oxidative damage and brain concentrations of free amino acid in chicks exposed to high ambient temperature. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 169: 70-76.
- Corzo A, Loar RE and Kidd MT (2009). Limitations of dietary isoleucine and valine in broiler chick diets. Poultry Science, 88: 1934-1938.
- Dai SF, Gao F, Xu XL, Zhang WH, Song SX and Zhou GH (2012). Effects of dietary glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid on meat color, pH, composition, and water-holding characteristic in broilers under cyclic heat stress. British Poultry Science, 53(4): 471-481.
- De Los Santos FS, Donoghue A, Farnell M, Huff G, Huff W and Donoghue D (2007). Gastrointestinal maturation is accelerated in turkey poults supplemented with a mannan-oligosaccharide yeast extract (Alphamune). Poultry Science, 86: 921-930.
- Fernandez SR, Aoyagi S, Han Y, Parsons CM and Baker DH (1994). Limiting order of amino acids in corn and soybean meal for growth of the chick. Poultry Science, 73: 1887-1896.
- Foroudi F and Rezamand P (2014). The effects of dietary valine on performance, serum antibody titre and bone mineralization in broiler chicks. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 4: 405-409.
- Imanari M, Kadowaki M and Fujimura S (2008). Regulation of taste-active components of meat by dietary branched-chain amino acids; effects of branched-chain amino acid antagonism. British Poultry Science, 49: 299-307.
- Ito K, Bahry MA, Hui Y, Furuse M and Chowdhury VS (2015). Acute heat stress up-regulates neuropeptide Y precursor mRNA expression and alters brain and plasma concentrations of free amino acids in chicks. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 187: 13-19.
- Kop-Bozbay C, Akdag A, Atan H and Ocak N (2021). Response of broilers to supplementation of branched-chain amino acids blends with different valine contents in the starter period under summer conditions. Animal Bioscience, 34(2): 295-305.
- Lin H, Decuypere E and Buyse J (2006). Acute heat stress induces oxidative stress in broiler chickens. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, 144: 11-17.
- Miranda DJA, Vieira SL, Favero A, Angel CR, Stefanello C and Nogueira ET (2015). Performance and meat production of broiler chickens fed diets formulated at different crude protein levels supplemented or not with L-valine and L-isoleucine. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 206: 39-47.
- Moura CS, Lollo PCB, Morato PN, Risso EM and Amaya-Farfan J (2017). Modulatory effects of arginine, glutamine and branched-chain amino acids on heat shock proteins, immunity and antioxidant response in exercised rats. Food and Function, 8(9): 3228-3238.
- Norouzian H, Alirezaei M, Dezfoulian O and Taati M (2018). The effects of post-hatch feeding with betaine on the intestinal development of broiler chickens. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 20: 403-412.
- Ospina-Rojas IC, Murakami AE, Duarte CRA, Pozza PC, Rossi RM and Gasparino E (2019). Performance, diameter of muscle fibers, and gene expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin in pectoralis major muscle of broilers supplemented with leucine and valine. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 99:168-78.
- Pereira TVS, Névoa ML and Vieites FM (2018). Valine requirement of broilers raised in hot-climate region. In: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Society of Zootechnics, 28th Brazilian Congress of Zootechnics Aug 27-30: Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Zootecnia Brasil, 1.
- Qaid and Al-Garadi MA (2021). Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism in Poultry during and after Heat Stress: A Review. Animals, 11(4): 1167.
- SAS Institute (2004) SAS User’s Guide. Version 8 ed. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
- Tabiri HY, Sato K, Takahashi K, Toyomizu M and Akiba Y (2000). Effect of acute heat stress on plasma amino acids concentration of broiler chickens. Japanese poultry Science, 37(2): 86-94.
- Zulkifli I, Al-Aqil A, Omar AR, Sazili AQ and Rajion MA (2009). Crating and heat stress influence blood parameters and heat shock protein 70 expression in broiler chickens showing short or long tonic immobility reactions. Poultry Science, 88: 471-476.
)