Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
Abstract
The present experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract and vitamin E on performance, biochemical parameters of blood and immune system of broilers. Two hundred and forty one-day-old male broiler chicks Ross 308 were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications, each replication containing 15 chickens. Experimental diets include 1- control (basal diet without thyme and vitamin E), 2- basal diet+ 250 mg/kg thyme extract, 3- basal diet+ 100 mg/kg vitamin E and 4- basal diet+ 250 mg/kg thyme extract+ 100 mg/kg vitamin E. The results showed that the increase in body weight and feed conversion ratio throughout the period in the diet containing a mixture of thyme extract and vitamin E were significantly increased and decreased, respectively (P<0.05). Differences in cholesterol and LDL concentrations in treatments containing thyme extract and vitamin E, as well as their mixtures, were significantly reduced with control (P<0.05). Thymus weight increased significantly compared to the control in all experimental treatments (P<0.05). In general, the results showed that the use of a mixture of thyme extract and vitamin E in the diet of broilers can improve performance and strengthen the immune system.
Keywords
1. Ahmadi M, Poorghasemi M, Seidavi A, Hatzigiannakis E and Milis C (2019) An optimum level of nano-selenium supplementation of a broiler diet according to the performance, economical parameters, plasma constituents and immunity. Journal of Elementology, 25(3): 1178-1198.
- Poorghasemi M, Chamani M, Mirhosseini SZ, Sadeghi AA and Seidavi A (2017) Effect of probiotic and different sources of fat on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology and ghrelin gene expression on broiler chickens. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 24(2): 169-178.
- Duskaev G, Kvan O, Vershinina I and Rakhmatullin S (2021) Assessment of lipid metabolism in broilers against plant extract and probiotic substance or their combined use. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 11(1): 161-168.
- Wang T and Xu L (2020) Circulating vitamin e levels and risk of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction: A mendelian randomization study. Nutrients, 11(9): 2153.
- Khan R, Rahman Z, Nikousefat Z, Javdani M, Tufarelli V, Dario C, Selvaggi M and Laudadio V (2012) Immunomodulating effects of vitamin E in broilers. Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 68(01): 31-40.
- Qiao J, Li H, Zheng CJ, Feng Z and Wang W (2013) Dietary supplementation with Aloe vera polysaccharide enhances the growth performance and immune function of weaned piglets. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 22: 329-334.
- Bolukbasi SC, Erhan MK and Ozkan A (2006) Effect of dietary thyme oil and vitamin E on growth, lipid peroxidation, meat fatty acid composition and serum lipoproteins of broilers.South African Journal of Animal Science, 36: 189-196.
- Dhama K, Latheef SK, Mani S, Samad HA, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Khan RU, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Alam GM, Laudadio V and Tufarelli V (2015) Multiple beneficial applications and modes of action of herbs in poultry health and production-a review. International Journal of Pharmacology, 11(3): 152-176.
- Du E, Wang W, Gan L, Li Z and Guo SYG (2016) Effects of thymol and carvacrol supplementation on intestinal integrity and immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 7: 1-10.
- Meydani SN and Blumberg JB (1993) Vitamin E supplementation and enhancement of immune responses in the elderly. In “micronutrients in health and disease prevention”. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York. P: 289-306.
- Hashemipour H, Khaksar V, Rubio LA, Veldkamp T and Krimpen MM (2016) Effect of feed supplementation with a thymol plus carvacrol mixture, in combination or not with an NSP-degrading enzyme, on productive and physiological parameters of broilers fed on wheat-based diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 211: 117-131.
- Pourmahmoud B, Aghazadeh AM and Maheri Sis N (2013) The Effect of thyme extract on growth performance, digestive organ weights and serum lipoproteins of broilers fed wheatbased diets. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 12: 337-341.
- Sahin K, Sahin N and Yaralioglu S (2002) Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on lipid peroxidation, blood serum metabolites, and mineral concentrations of laying hens reared at high ambient temperature. Biological Trace Element Research, 85: 35-45.
- Tambekar D and Dahikar S (2011) Antibacterial activity ofsome Indian Ayurvedic preparations against entericbacterial pathogens. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research,2(1): 24-31.
- Vase-Khavari K, Mortezavi SH, Rasouli B, Khusro A, Salem AZM and Seidavi AR (2019) The effect of three tropical medicinal plants and superzist probiotic on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood constitutes, immune response, and gut microflora of broiler. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 51(1): 33-42.
- SAS Institute (2012). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
- Pirmohammadi A, Daneshyar M and Farhoomand P (2016) Effect Thymus vulgaris and Mentha pulegium powders on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broilers under heat stress condition. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 11: 12-25.
- Ragaa NM, Korany RMS and Mohamed FF (2016) Effect of thyme and/or formic acid dietary supplementation on broiler performance and immunity. Agriculture and Agricultural Science, 10: 270-279.
- Rajput AB, Kolte BR, Shisodiya JM, Chandankhede JM and Chahande JM (2009) Effect of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E and levamisole on performance of broilers. Veterinary World, 6: 225-227.
- Dauqan E and Abdullah A (2017) Medicinal andfunctional values of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)herb. Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology,5(02): 017-22.
- Rahnama Falavarjani S, Asadzadeh A andHeidarian Naini F (2019) Bioinformatic studies of theeffect of thymus vulgaris on alpha-glucosidaseenzyme inhibition for treating diabetes. IranianJournal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 18(1): 19-28.
- Toghyani M, Tohidi M, Gheisari AA and Tabeidian SA (2010) Performance, immunity, serum biochemical and hematological parameters in broiler chicks fed dietary thyme as alternative for an antibiotic growth promoter. African Journal of. Biotechnology, 9: 6819-6825.
- Hashemipour H, Kermanshahi H, Golian A and Veldkamp T (2013) Effect of thymol and carvacrol feed supplementation on performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, fatty acid composition, digestive enzyme activities, and immune response in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 92: 2059-2069.
- Boa-AmponsemK, Price SE, Picard M, Geraert PA and SiegelPB (2000) Vitamin E and immune responses of broiler pureline chickens. Poultrt Science, 79(4): 466-470.
)