نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. رایانامه: z.alimohammadi@ilam.ac.ir
2 نویسنده مسئول، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. رایانامه: h.shirzadi@ilam.ac.ir
3 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. رایانامه: k.taherpour@ilam.ac.ir
4 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. رایانامه: a.khatibjoo@ilam.ac.ir
چکیده
در مطالعه حاضر تأثیر پودر گیاهان پونه کوهی، رزماری و دارچین بهعنوان جایگزینهایی برای آنتیبیوتیکها، با استفاده از 192 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یک روزه (خروس) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با شش تیمار، چهار تکرار و هشت قطعه در هر تکرار بررسی شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی به شرح ذیل بودند: 1- کنترل منفی (جیره پایه بدون افزودنی و بدون چالش کمپیلوباکتر ژژونی)؛ 2- کنترل مثبت (جیره پایه بدون افزودنی، اما چالش یافته با کمپیلوباکتر ژژونی)؛ 3- کنترل مثبت+ اریترومایسین (55 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم)؛ 4- کنترل مثبت+ پودر پونه کوهی ( سه گرم در کیلوگرم)؛ 5-کنترل مثبت+ پودر رزماری (سه گرم در کیلوگرم) و 6- کنترل مثبت+ پودر دارچین ( سه گرم در کیلوگرم). تمام جوجهها بهجز گروه کنترل منفی، از روز 21 تا 25 دوره پرورش روزی یکبار از طریق دهانی با cfu/mL108×2 از کشت زنده باکتری کمپیلوباکتر ژژونی چالش داده شدند. نتایج نشان داد چالش کمپیلوباکتر ژژونی ضمن تضعیف عملکرد در دوره رشد سبب افزایش کلونیزاسیون کمپیلوباکتر و کاهش شمار لاکتوباسیلها در فضولات شد (05/0>p). چالش کمپیلوباکتر ژژونی همچنین ضمن کاهش قابلیت هضم مواد آلی منجر به کاهش ارتفاع پرز، نسبت ارتفاع پرز به عمق کریپت و مساحت سطح پرز در ژژنوم شد (05/0>p). تمامی اثرات منفی ناشی از کمپیلوباکتر ژژونی توسط تیمارهای حاوی افزودنی تعدیل شد (05/0>p)، هرچند که تیمار حاوی دارچین در مقایسه با سایر افزودنیها پتانسیل نسبتاً پایینتری داشت. بهطور کلی، میتوان نتیجه گرفت که پونه کوهی و رزماری پتانسیل تخفیف اثرات پاتوژنیک کمپیلوباکتر ژژونی را دارند و میتوانند بهعنوان جایگزینهای مناسبی برای آنتیبیوتیکها در تغذیه جوجههای گوشتی مورداستفاده قرار گیرند.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of oregano, rosemary, and cinnamon powder on growth performance, excreta microbiota, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens challenged with Campylobacter jejuni
نویسندگان [English]
- Zahra Alimohammadi 1
- Hassan Shirzadi 2
- Kamran Taherpour 3
- Ali Khatibjoo 4
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. Email: z.alimohammadi@ilam.ac.ir
2 Corresponding Author, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. Email: h.shirzadi@ilam.ac.ir
3 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. Email: k.taherpour@ilam.ac.ir
4 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. Email: a.khatibjoo@ilam.ac.ir
چکیده [English]
Introduction: With the increase of the population in the last century, the need for protein sources, especially protein with animal origin, has increased. One of the important and inexpensive sources of animal proteins is poultry products. However, many food-borne diseases that are among the most obvious problems related to human health are transmitted to humans through poultry products. Generally, poultry are sensitive to pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium, Salmonella, and Campylobacter. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the main causes of bacterial enteritis in humans and account for about 90% and less than 10% of deaths in people with campylobacteriosis, respectively. Poultry farmers use antibiotic growth promoters to prevent the colonization of pathogenic bacteria, but their use has been banned in European Union since 2006 due to antibiotic resistance. However, in order to prevent the reduction of growth performance and mortality caused by the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to introduce suitable alternatives. The antimicrobial potential of several medicinal plants, some plant-derived bioactive compoundsas well as some organic acids against a suspension of two Campylobacter serotypes (including 8 strains of C. jejuni and 3 strains of C. coli) has been investigated, under in vitro study. It has been revealed that oregano, rosemary, and cinnamon have a higher potential in reducing campylobacter colonization, among other phytobiotic compounds. Considering that under in vivo conditions, no research has been conducted on these medicinal plants with broiler chickens exposed to Campylobacter colonization. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the growth performance, excreta microbiota, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens challenged with C. jejuni and evaluating the potential of oregano, rosemary, and cinnamon in reducing the negative effects of this pathogen.
Material and Methods: A total of 192 one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates of 8 birds. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1-negative control (NC; basal diet without additive and without of C. jejuni); 2-positive control (PC; basal diet without additives but challenged with C. jejuni); 3-basal diet + Erythromycin (55 mg/kg); 4-basal diet + oregano powder (3 g/kg); 5- basal diet + rosemary powder (3 g/kg) and 6-basal diet+cinnamon powder (3 g/kg). All chickens were orally gavaged once a day with a suspension of C. jejuni live culture (2×108 cfu/mL, 1 mL/bird) on days 21 to 25, with the exception of those fed the NC. Throughout the experimental period, the birds were fed ad libitum and had free access to water.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the C. jejuni, while weakening performance during the growth period, caused an increase in campylobacter colonization and a decrease in lactobacilli counts of the excreta (P<0.05). The reason for the improvement of the microflora can be due to the presence of antibacterial compounds such as thymol, carvacrol, verbenone, and cinnamaldehyde in the composition of the mentioned medicinal plants. Campylobacter jejuni also decreased the digestibility of organic matter and led to a decrease in villous height, villous height to crypt depth ratio, and villi surface area in the jejunum (P<0.05). The reason for the improvement of the intestinal morphology by herbal additives can be due to the improvement of the microflora of the digestive tract. All the negative effects arising from C. jejuni were alleviated by dietary treatments containing feed additives (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that oregano and rosemary have the potential to reduce the pathogenic effects of Campylobacter jejuni and can be used as suitable alternatives to antibiotics in feeding broilers.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Broiler chicken
- Digestibility
- Growth performance
- Microbiology
- Morphology