نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.
2 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.
چکیده
اثر سطوح مختلف کلسیم (0.6 و 0.3 درصد)، آنزیم فیتاز (صفر و 1500 واحد) و اسیدسیتریک (صفر و یک درصد) در جیرههای حاوی 0.15 درصد فسفر غیرفیتات، بر عملکرد رشد، صفات لاشه و خصوصیات شیمیایی استخوان با استفاده از 882 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر 10روزه از سن 11 تا 40 روزگی در یک آرایش فاکتوریل 2×2×2 در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با نه تیمار (کنترل مثبت و هشت جیره بدون منبع معدنی فسفر) و هفت تکرار بررسی شد. افزودن فیتاز افزایش وزن روزانه و بازده خوراک را افزایش داد؛ اما اثر فیتاز در جوجههای دریافت کننده جیره حاوی 0.6 درصد کلسیم در 25 تا 40 روزگی آشکارتر بود (0.01>P). با کاهش غلظت کلسیم، افزایش وزن روزانه (24ـ11روزگی) و بازده خوراک (24ـ11 و 42ـ25 روزگی) کاهش یافت. همچنین استفاده از اسیدسیتریک در جیرههای حاوی 0.3 درصد کلسیم تاثیر منفی بر این صفات داشت (0.01>P). افزودن همزمان فیتاز و اسیدسیتریک به جیره حاوی 0.6 درصد کلسیم در مقایسه با جیره 0.3 درصد بازده خوراک را افزایش داد (0.01>P). افزودن فیتاز به جیره، سبب افزایش درصد خاکستر انگشتان و سدیم استخوان و کاهش غلظت کلسیم و فسفر استخوان شد (0.01>P). با کاهش سطح کلسیم و افزودن فیتاز، فسفر استخوان کاهش یافت (0.01>P). وزن نسبی قلب و پانکراس با افزودن فیتاز به جیره کاهش یافت (0.05>P). با کاهش سطح کلسیم، وزن نسبی کبد و پانکراس افزایش و درصد چربی شکمی و قلب کاهش یافت (0.05>P). بر اساس نتایج حاصل، افزودن فیتاز و اسیدسیتریک به جیره حاوی 0.6 درصد کلسیم، سبب بهبود عملکرد رشد جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی فسفر غیرفیتات پایین میشود.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of phytase, citric acid and calcium concentration on growth performance, carcass traits and bone chemical properties of broiler chicken fed diets containing low non-phytate phosphorus
نویسندگان [English]
- Leila Mirisakhani 1
- Hamid Reza Taheri 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Effect of different levels of calcium (0.6 and 0.3%), phytase (0 and 1500 FTU/kg), and citric acid (0 and 1%) in diets containing 0.15% of non-phytate phosphorus, on growth performance, carcass traits, and bone chemical properties were investigated using 882 10-day-old male broilers from 11 to 40 days of age in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangements based on a completely randomized design including nine treatments (positive control and eight diets without any inorganic P) and seven replications. phytase supplementation increased average daily gain and gain to feed ratio, but the effect of phytase was more apparent in broiler chickens received diets containing 0.6% calcium at 25 to 40 days of age (P <0.01). Reducing dietary calcium levels decreased average daily gain (11 to 24 days) and gain to feed ratio (11 to 24 and 25 to 42 days). Also, the inclusion of citric acid in diets containing 0.3% calcium had a negative effect on these traits (P <0.01). The combination of phytase and citric acid in diets containing 0.6% Ca increased the feed efficiency compared to the 0.3% diet (P <0.01). Phytase supplementation increased toe ash and bone sodium percentage and decreased bone calcium and phosphorus concentration (P<0.01). Bone phosphorus decreased by reducing dietary calcium levels and phytase supplementation (P <0.01). The relative heart and pancreas weight decreased with phytase supplementation (P<0.05). Reducing dietary calcium levels increased the relative liver and pancreas weight and decreased abdominal fat and heart percentage (P<0.05). According to the results, the combination of phytase and citric acid in diets containing 0.6% calcium was more effective in improving growth performance of broilers fed diets containing low non-phytate phosphorus.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Bone mineralization
- Calcium and phosphorus
- Citric acid
- Phytase enzyme
- Phytic acid
- Adedokun SA and Adeola O (2013) Calcium and phosphorus digestibility: Metabolic limits. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 22:600-608.
- Akter M, Graham H and Iji PA (2016) Response of broiler chickens to different levels of calcium, non-phytate phosphorus and phytase. British Poultry Science, 57: 799-809.
- Amerah AM, Plumstead PW, Barnard LP and Kumar A (2014) Effect of calcium level and phytase addition on ileal phytate degradation and amino acid digestibility of broilers fed corn-based diets. Poultry Science, 93: 906-915.
- AOAC (2005) Association of Official Agriculture Chemist. Official methods analysis. Washington. D. C.
- Aviagen (2018) Ross 308 Broiler Nutrition Specification. Aviagen Group. Huntsville Alabama, USA.
- Bedford M and Rousseau X (2017) Recent findings regarding calcium and phytase in poultry nutrition. Animal Production Science, 57(11): 2311-2316.
- Centeno C, Arija I, Viveros A and Brenes A (2007) Effects of citric acid and microbial phytase on amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 48: 469-479.
- Demirel G, Pekel A.Y, Alp M and Kocabağlı N (2012) Effects of dietary supplementation of citric acid, copper, and microbial phytase on growth performance and mineral retention in broiler chickens fed a low available phosphorus diet. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 21: 335-347.
- Dersjant-Li Y, Evans C and Kumar A (2018) Effect of phytase dose and reduction in dietary calcium on performance, nutrient digestibility, bone ash and mineralization in broilers fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with reduced nutrient density. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 242: 95-110.
- Fik M, Hrnčár C, Hejniš D, Hanusová E, Arpášov H and Bujko J, 2021. The Effect of Citric Acid on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens. Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 54: 190-195.
- Khosravinia, H., Nourmohammadi, R. and Afzali, N. 2015. Productive performance, gut morphometry, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chicken in response to low and high dietary levels of citric acid. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 00: 1-11.
- Li T, Xing G, Shao Y, Zhang L, Li S, Lu L, Liu Z, Liao X and Luo X (2020) Dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency impairs the bone development by regulating related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers. Poultry Science, 99(6): 3207-3214.
- Maenz DD, Engele-Schaan CM, Newkirk RW and Classen HL 1999. The effect of minerals and mineral chelators on the formation of phytase-resistant and phytase susceptible forms of phytic acid in solution and in a slurry of canola meal. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 81: 177-192.
- Mutucumarana RK, Ravindran V, Ravindran G and Cowieson AJ (2014) Measurement of true ileal digestibility and total tract retention of phosphorus in corn and canola meal for broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 93: 412-419.
- Paiva DM, Walk CL and McElroy A.P (2013) Influence of dietary calcium level, calcium source, and phytase on bird performance and mineral digestibility during a natural necrotic enteritis episode. Poultry Science, 92(12): 3125-3133.
- Pieniazek J, Smith KA, Williams MP, Manangi M, Vazquez-Anon KM, Solbak A, Miller M and Lee JT (2016) Evaluation of increasing levels of a microbial phytase in phosphorus deficient broiler diets via live broiler performance, tibia bone ash, apparent metabolizable energy, and amino acid digestibility. Poultry Science, 0: 1-13.
- Proszkowiec-Weglarz M and Angel R (2013) Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in broilers: Effect of homeostatic mechanism on calcium and phosphorus digestibility. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 22: 609-627.
- SAS (2003) SAS User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC, US.
- Shao Y, Xing G, Zhang L, Lyu L, Li S, Liao X and Luo X (2019) Effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus deficiency on growth performance, rickets incidence characters and tibia histological structure of broilers during 1 to 21 days of age. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 31(5): 2107-2118.
- Sommerfeld V, Schollenberger M, Kühn I and Rodehutscord M (2019) Interactive effects of phosphorus, calcium, and phytase supplements on products of phytate degradation in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 97: 1177-1188.
- Taheri HR and Abasi MM (2020) Effect of high-dose phytase and low calcium concentration on performance of broiler chicken given diet severely limited in nonphytate phosphorus. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 29: 817-829.
- Taheri HR and Mirisakhani L (2020) Effect of citric acid, vitamin D3, and high-dose phytase on performance of broiler chicken fed diet severely limited in non-phytate phosphorus. Livestock Science, 241: 104223.
- UFFDA (1992) User Friendly Feed Formulation. University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
- Walk CL and Rao SR (2020) Increasing dietary phytate has a significant anti-nutrient effect on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility and digestible amino acid intake requiring increasing doses of phytase as evidenced by prediction equations in broilers. Poultry Science, 99(1): 290-300.
- Woyengo TA and Nyachoti CM (2013) Anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid in diets for pigs and poultry–current knowledge and directions for future research. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 93(1): 9-21.