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اثر فواصل برداشت در مراحل مختلف رشد بر عملکرد و ارزش غذایی علف نپیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر فواصل برداشت در مراحل مختلف رشد بر عملکرد تولید و ارزش غذایی علف نپیر به‌عنوان یک منبع علوفه‌ای جدید در ایران، در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با 13 تیمار و سه تکرار انجام شد. چین‌ها در فواصل هر 16 تا 20، 24 تا 28 و 43 روز یا 136 روز پس از کاشت (پایان مرحله رویشی) برداشت شدند که به‌ترتیب در ارتفاع‌های تقریبی 50، 100، 150 و 300 سانتی‌متر بودند. این فواصل برداشت به‌ترتیب منجر به شش، چهار، دو و یک چین برداشت شد. ترکیبات شیمیایی و تخمیر شکمبه‌ای برون‌تنی به‌همراه عملکرد تولید علف نپیر اندازه‌گیری شد. بیشترین عملکرد ماده خشک (25/1 تن در هکتار) فقط با یک برداشت در ارتفاع 300 سانتی‌متر صورت گرفت. قابلیت هضم ماده خشک و ماده آلی در تمام چین‌ها 60 تا 70 درصد بود و بیشترین مقادیر آن در علوفه برداشت شده در ارتفاع 50 سانتی‌متر مشاهده شد. علوفه برداشت شده در ارتفاع 300 سانتی‌متر بیشترین تولید ماده خشک و ماده آلی قابل هضم (به‌ترتیب 15/9 و 14/2 تن در هکتار) را داشت. بیشترین غلظت پروتئین خام و کمترین الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی و لیگنین در ارتفاع 50 سانتی‌متر مشاهده شد. کمترین پتانسیل گاز تولیدی و بیشترین نرخ تخمیر به‌ترتیب در ارتفاع 300 و 50 سانتی‌متر بود. براساس نتایج حاصل، برای دستیابی به حداکثر عملکرد ماده آلی قابل هضم می‌بایست علف نپیر را بدون اعمال چین‌های اضافی و در پایان مرحله رویشی (136 روز پس از کاشت و ارتفاع 300 سانتی‌متر) برداشت نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of harvesting interval in different stages of growth on yield and nutritive value of Napier grass

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Taherabadi 1
  • Farokh Kafilzadeh 2

1 Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Animal Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Increased livestock production can be achieved through the cultivation of high-quality forages with high-yielding capacity. Napier grass has been introduced to all tropical and subtropical areas of the world and is used as a forage crop with high potential productivity in terms of annual dry matter yield. However, both dry matter yield and nutritional quality of this grass have been affected by different cutting interval. This grass has been neither grown nor studied as a source of forage for ruminant nutrition in Iran.This research was conducted to identify the appropriate cutting interval for Napier grass to produce the maximum nutritive value and yield.
Material and methods: Napier grass was cultivated in a complete randomised block design with three replicates. During the growth season, the cutting intervals were 16-20, 24-28, 43 d or 136 d after planting to corresponding cutting heights of 50, 100, 150 and 300 cm. Hence, from each plot 6, 4, 2, or 1 cuts were harvested, respectively. Cell wall fractions, organic matter, and crude protein of Napier grass from different cuts were determined. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility and in-vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics of the forages were also determined. Biomass production of Napier grass under different cutting interval programs was also assessed.
Results and Discussion: The highest yield of dry matter of Napier grass (25.1 tons per hectare) was observed when only one cut was harvested at the end of vegetative stage (height of 300 cm). The digestibility of organic matter (OMD) ranged from 60 to 70 % in all treatments and the highest OMD was observed at the height of 50 cm. The maximum dry matter and digestible organic matter per hectare (15.9 and 14.2 tons, respectively) was produced when forage was harvested in one cut at the height of 300 cm. There was no difference in the yield of digestible dry matter and digestible organic matter of the forage harvested at the height of 50 and 100 cm. The concentration of crude protein in forages from different cuts ranged from 7.1 to 14.2 % and neutral detergent fiber ranged 65.7 to 76.2 %. The highest concentration of crude protein and the lowest cell wall components were observed at the height of 50 cm. The lowest and the highest gas production potential and fractional rate of gas production were observed at the cutting height of 300 cm and 50 cm, respectively.
Conclusion: The present study showed that it is possible to obtain higher quality of Napier grass by shortening the harvesting intervals. However, this resulted in a pronounce decrease in the yield of organic matter and digestible dry matter yield per hectare. The highest organic matter and digestible dry matter per hectare was produced when Napier grass was harvested only once (136 d after planting and height of 300 cm) at the end of vegetative stage.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical composition
  • Cutting interval
  • In vitro fermentation
  • Napier grass
مراجع
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دوره 25، شماره 2
تیر 1402
صفحه 169-181
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هم رسانی
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