نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی لاهیجان، لاهیجان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت ، ایران

چکیده

اثر وزن اولیه جوجه و تراکم مواد مغذی جیره بر عملکرد رشد و پاسخ ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی با استفاده از 360 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یک روزه سویه راس 308 (مخلوط دو جنس)، در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 2×3، در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با شش تیمار، چهار تکرار و ۱5 پرنده در هر تکرار بررسی شد. وزن اولیه جوجه‌ها به صورت 1±42 گرم (وزن استاندارد)، 1±38 گرم (وزن سبک؛ 10 درصد کمتر از وزن استاندارد)، 1±46 گرم (وزن سنگین؛ 10 درصد بیشتر از وزن استاندارد) و تراکم مواد مغذی جیره به صورت پنج درصد کمتر از کاتالوگ راس 308 (جیره متعارف در ایران) یا طبق توصیه راهنمای راس 308 (جیره متراکم) گروه‌بندی شدند. جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با جیره متراکم نسبت به جوجه های تغذیه شده با جیره‌های متعارف، افزایش وزن روزانه بیشتر و ضریب تبدیل کمتری داشتند (05/0>P). اثر تراکم مختلف مواد مغذی جیره و وزن اولیه جوجه‌ها بر اجزای لاشه و وزن اندام‌های داخلی به جز قلب معنی‌دار نبود. جوجه‌هایی که جیره متراکم دریافت کردند و جوجه‌های سنگین دارای آنتی‌بادی بالاتری بر علیه گلبول قرمز گوسفندی بودند (05/0>P). جوجه‌های سبک که با جیره متراکم تغذیه شدند نسبت به جوجه‌های سبک که با جیره‌ متعارف تغذیه شدند دارای آنتی‌بادی کل بر علیه گلبول قرمز گوسفندی و ایمنوگلوبولین G بالاتری بودند (05/0P<). نتایج نشان می‌دهند که تغذیه جوجه‌های سبک با جیره متراکم سرعت رشد آنها را نسبت به جوجه‌های با وزن استاندارد یا سنگین بیشتر افزایش می‌دهد. همچنین، تغذیه جوجه‌های سبک با جیره‌های متراکم، می‌تواند پاسخ‌های ایمنی را بهبود بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of chicks’ initial weight and nutrient density of diet on growth performance and immune response of broilers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Zaker_Jafari 1
  • Mehrdad Mohammadi 2
  • Maziar Mohiti-Asli 3

1 Master, Agricultural jihad of Lahijan, Lahijan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

چکیده [English]

The effect of chick initial body weight and dietary nutrients density on growth performance and immune response were investigated using 360 Ross 308 one-day-old straight run chicks (mixed sex) in a completely randomized design with 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments, four replicates and 15 birds per replicate. The initial body weight of chicks was grouped as 42±1 g (standard weight); 38±1 g (light weight; 10% under standard weight); 46±1 g (heavy weight; 10% over standard weight) while the nutrients density of the diet was either 5% lower than the nutritional recommendation of Ross 308 (typical commercial diet in Iran), or as recommended by Ross 308 manual (high-density diet). Chickens fed the high-density diet had higher daily weight gain and lower conversion ratio than chickens fed the typical diets (P<0.05). The effect of dietary density and initial body weight of chicks on carcass components and weight of internal organs were not significant except for heart. Broilers fed the high-density diet and heavy weight had higher antibody titers to sheep red blood cell (P<0.05). Light chicks fed the high-density diets had greater total anti sheep red blood cell and immunoglobulin G titers than light chicks fed the typical diets (P<0.05). Results indicate that feeding light chicks with high-density diets increases their growth rate compared to the chicks with standard or heavy weights. Moreover, feeding diets with a high density of nutrients to light chicks can improve immune responses.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carcass yield
  • Chick initial weight
  • Growth rate
  • Immune response
  • Nutrient density
  1. Abbasi MA, Mahdavi AH, Samie AH and Jahanian R (2014) Effects of different levels of dietary crude protein and threonine on performance, humoral immune responses and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 16(1): 35-44.
  2. Ao Z, Kocher A and Choct M (2012) Effects of dietary additives and early feeding on performance, gut development and immune status of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 25(4): 541-551.
  3. Azghadi M, Kermanshahi H and Golian A (2013) The effect of dietary energy and protein levels on growth performance and antibody responses of offspring of laying japans quails. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 4: 185-190.
  4. Bregendahl K, Sell JL and Zimmerman DR (2002) Effect of low-protein diet on growth performance and body composition of broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 81: 1156-1167.
  5. Farhadi GH, Rezaei M and Chashnidel Y (2011) The effect of energy density and other dietary nutrients in different breeding periods on performance, carcass characteristics, body composition and some blood parameters of broilers. Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, M.Sc. Dissertation. (In Persian)
  6. Gholamrezaie Sani L, Mohammadi M, Jalali Sendi J, Abolghasemi SA and Roostaie Ali-Mehr M (2012) Extract and leaf powder effect of Artemisia annua on performance, cellular and humoral immunity in broilers. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 14: 15-20.
  7. Hessabi Nameghi AR and Sharbatdar S (2013) Evaluation of different levels of dietary crude protein on hatchability, chick weights, and immune response of khorasan's native hens. Animal Production Research 2(3): 39-48. (In Persian)
  8. Houshmand M, Azhar K, Zulkifli I, Bejo MH and Kamyab A (2012) Effect of prebiotic, protein and stocking density on performance, immunity and stress indicators of broilers. Poultry Science, 91: 393-401.
  9. Huwaida EEM, Ali OHA, Mohamed EAA and Yousif IA (2013) Effect of season and dietary protein level on immune response of three exotic broiler strains in Sudan. Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research, 3(1): 31-35.
  10. Kidd MT (2004) Nutritional modulation of immune function in broiler. Poultry Science, 83: 650-657.
  11. Kim SJ,  Lee KW,  Kang  CW and  An BK (2016)  Growth  performance, relative meat and organ weights, cecal microflora, and blood characteristics in broiler chickens fed diets containing different nutrient  density with or without essential oils. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 29(4): 549-554.
  12. Klasing KC (2007) Nutrition and the immune system. British Poultry Science, 48: 525-537.
  13. Lee KH and Lesson S (2001) Performance of broilers fed limited quantities of feed or nutrients during seven to fourteen days of age. Poultry Science, 80: 446-454.
  14. Lesson S (2012) Future considerations in poultry nutrition. Poultry Science, 91: 1281-1285.
  15. Mendes AS, Paixao SJ, Restelatto R, Reffatti R, Possenti JC, de Moura DJ, Morello GMZ and de Carvalho TMR (2011) Effects of initial body weight and litter material on broiler production. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 13: 165-170. 
  16. Mohiti-Asli M, Shivazad M, Zaghari M, Rezaian M and Aminzadeh S (2014) Effects of feeding strategy on reproductive performance and ovarian morphology of broiler breeder hens. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Research, 3: 191-198. (In Persian)
  17. Molenaar R, Reijrink IAM, Meijerhof R and Van Den Brand H (2008) Relationship between hatchling length and weight on later productive performance in broilers. World's Poultry Science Journal, 64(4): 599-604.
  18. Nabizadeh A, Golian A, Hassanabadi A and Zerehdaran S (2017) Effects of nutrient density and exogenous enzymes in starter diet on performance, intestinal microflora, gut morphology and immune response of broiler chickens. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Avicola, 19(3): 509-518.
  19. Namroud NF, Shivazad M and Zaghari M (2008) Effects of fortifying low crude protein diet with crystalline amino acids on performance, blood, ammonia level and excreta characteristics of broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 87: 2250-2258.
  20. Noy Y, Geyra A and Sklan D (2001) The effect of early feeding on growth and small intestinal development in the post-hatch poultry. Poultry Science, 8: 76-100.
  21. Roy SC, Alam MS, Ali MA, Chowdhury SD and Goswami C (2010) Different levels of protein on the performance of synthetic broiler. Veterinary Medicine, 8(2): 117-122.
  22. Song B, Tang D, Yan S, Fan H, Li G, Shahid MS, Mahmood T and Guo Y (2021) Effects of age on immune function in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 42: 1-12.
  23. Sterling KG, Pesti GM and Bakalli RI (2003) Performance of broiler chicks fed various levels of dietary lysine and crude protein. Poultry Science, 82: 1939-1947.
  24. Tsiagbe VK, Cook ME, Harper AE and Sunde ML (1987) Enhanced immune responses in broiler chicks fed methionine-supplemented diets. Poultry Science, 66: 1147-1154.
  25. Willemsen H, Everaert N, Witters A, Smit LD, Debonne M and Verschuere F (2008) Critical assessment of chick quality measurements as an indicator of post-hatch performance. Poultry Science, 87(11): 2358-2366.