نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری تغذیه دام، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم ومهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه
2 دانشیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم ومهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه
3 استاد موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج
چکیده
اثرات دو سطح فشار هیدرولیک (220 و240 بار) و دو زمان توقف فشار (پنج و10 ثانیه) در ماشین ساخت بلوک‌های خوراک کامل حاوی سه ترکیب علوفهای (کاهگندم و یونجه؛ بوته توت‌فرنگی؛ کاهگندم و یونجه؛ کاهنخود و یونجه) بر خصوصیات فیزیکی بلوکها در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل 2×2×3 بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی مطالعه شد. بلوک‌های حاوی کاهنخود در فشار 240 بار و زمان توقف پنج و 10 ثانیه حداکثر تبخیر رطوبت را داشتند (05/0> P). بیشترین چگالی مربوط به بلوک‌های حاوی بوته توت‌فرنگی (6/552 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) و کمترین آن مربوط به بلوک‌های حاوی کاهنخود (6/456 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) بود (05/0> P). با افزایش مقدار و زمان توقف فشار، چگالی بلوک‌های حاوی بوته توت‌فرنگی و بلوک‌های حاوی کاهنخود در مقایسه با بلوک‌های حاوی کاهگندم و یونجه افزایش یافت (05/0> P). بیشترین درصد انبساط پس از فشرده‌سازی در 24 ساعت اول تولید، مشاهده شد (05/0> P). بلوک‌های حاوی بوته توت‌فرنگی در فشار 240 بار و زمان توقف فشار پنج و10 ثانیه دارای حداکثر تعداد کلنی قارچ بودند. صرفنظر از نوع علوفه و زمان توقف فشار، بلوک‌های حاوی کاه گندم و یونجه و بلوک‌های حاوی بوته توت‌فرنگی در فشار 240 بار دارای کلنی بیشتری نسبت به 220 بار بودند، ولی در بلوک‌های حاوی کاهنخود در فشار 240 بار کمتر از 220 بار بود. بر اساس نتایج حاصل، فشار 240 بار و زمان توقف 10 ثانیه برای تولید بلوک‌های خوراک کامل حاوی بوته توت‌فرنگی، یونجه و کاهگندم و بلوک‌های حاوی کاهنخود و یونجه سبب فشرده‌سازی مطلوب و افزایش زمان نگهداری بلوک میشود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Determination of the best conditions for compression in the production of complete feed blocks based on strawberry forage and chickpea straw
نویسندگان [English]
- Rahman Ebne Abbasi 1
- Fardin Hozhabri 2
- Hassan Fazaeli 3
1 PhD Scholar, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم دامیAssociate Professor, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Professor, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]
The effects of two levels of hydraulic pressure (220 and 240 bar) and two dwell times (five and 10 seconds) in the machine for making complete feed blocks containing three combinations of forages (wheat straw and alfalfa hay (WB); strawberry forage, wheat straw and alfalfa hay (SB); chickpea straw and alfalfa hay (CB)) was studied on the physical properties of the blocks in a 2×2×3 3 factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design. The blocks containing pea straw and alfalfa had the maximum moisture evaporation at 240 bar pressure and 5 and 10 seconds stop time (P<0.05). The highest density was related to the blocks SB (552.6 kg/m3) and the lowest was related to the blocks CB (456.6 kg/m3; P<0.05). With increasing pressure and dwell time, the density of SB and CB increased compared to the WB. The highest post compression expansion was observed in the first 24 hours after production (P<0.05). The SB had a maximum number of fungal colonies at 240 bar and a dwell time of 5 and 10 seconds. Regardless of the type of forage and dwell time, SB and WB had a higher colony at 240 than at 220 bar, but in CB at 240 was less than 220 bar. Based on the results, 240 bar pressure and 10 seconds dwell time to produce complete feed blocks containing strawberry forage and chickpea straw, causes the desired compression and increases the storage time of the block.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Agricultural waste
- Dwell time
- Evaporation of moisture
- Fungal colony
- Post compression expansion
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