نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.
2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
3 استادیار، علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران
4 بخش علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران.
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر افزودن پروتئین غیرقابل تجزیه شکمبه‌ای به جیره دوره انتظار زایش گاوهای هلشتاین بر تولید شیر، وزن تولد گوساله و ترکیبات آغوز طی فصل گرم بود. 88 رأس گاو هلشتاین چندبار زایش کرده، 30 روز پیش از تاریخ زایش مورد انتظار وارد طرح شدند و به یکی از دو تیمار شامل پروتئین خام پایین (3/14 درصد پروتئین خام با چهار درصد پروتئین غیر قابل تجزیه در شکمبه) و پروتئین خام بالا (1/17 درصد پروتئین خام با شش درصد پروتئین غیر قابل تجزیه در شکمبه) اختصاص یافتند. در دوره انتظار زایش و تازه‌زا، جیره‌ها در حد اشتها به گاوها تغذیه شدند. پس از زایش، تمام گاوها به مدت 21 روز جیره یکسانی دریافت کردند. تولید شیر تمام گاوها به طور روزانه از روز زایش تا 21 روز پس از زایش ثبت گردید. نمونه‌های شیر هر گاو دوبار در هفته برای اندازه‌گیری ترکیبات شیر جمع‌آوری شد. ارزیابی امتیاز وضعیت بدنی در روزهای 30-، 3-، صفر و 21 روز نسبت به زایش انجام شد. تولید شیر و مقدار پروتئین و لاکتوز شیر گاوهائی که جیره با پروتئین بالا دریافت کردند بیشتر و درصد چربی شیر آن‌ها کمتر بود (05/0 >P). تغییرات امتیاز وضعیت بدنی بین گاوهای دو تیمار در دوره پیش و پس از زایش متفاوت نبود. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، تغذیه جیره حاوی پروتئین عبوری بالا در دوره انتظار زایش طی فصل گرم سبب افزایش تولید شیر و کاهش درصد چربی شیر در بعد از زایش می شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of supplementing close-up diets with rumen undegradable protein on milk yield, colostrum, and calf weight of Holstein cows during the hot season
نویسندگان [English]
- Fateme Ahmadi 1
- hamid Amanlou 2
- Tahere Amirabadi Farahani 3
- Najme Eslamian Farsuni 4
1 PhD. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 Professor, Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
4 Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing close-up diets of Holstein dairy cows with rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on milk yield, calf birth weight and colostrum composition during the hot season. Eighty-eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows were enrolled in the study 30 d before expected calving and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments groups: low crude protein (14.3% CP with 4.0% RUP based on DM) and high crude protein (17.1% CP with 6.0% RUP based on DM). Diets were fed for ad libitum intake during the close-up and fresh period. After calving, all cows received the same diet from calving to 21 days of milk. Milk production of all cows was recorded daily from the day of calving to 21 days after calving. The milk samples of each cow were collected twice a week to measure milk composition. The evaluation of body condition score (BCS) was performed at -30, -3, 0, and 21 d relative to calving. The production of milk and the amount of milk protein and lactose were greater and milk fat content was lower in cows fed high protein diet than cows fed low protein diet (P<0.05). The BCS changes were not different between cows of two treatments in pre- and post-partum periods. According to the results, feeding a diet containing high RUP content to close-up cows during the hot season increases milk yield and decreases milk fat percentage in fresh cows.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- close-up period
- Holstein cows
- hot season
- milk yield
- rumen undegradable protein
- AOAC (1990) Official Methods of Analysis.15th ed. Association of Official AnalyticalChemists, Arlington, VA
- Bauman DE and Currie WB (1980) Partitioning of nutrients during pregnancy and lactation: a review of mechanisms involving homeostasis and homeorhesis. Journal of Dairy Science, 63: 1514-1529.
- Bell AW, Burhans WS and Overton TR (2000) Protein nutrition in late pregnancy, maternal proteinreserves and lactation performance in dairy cows. Proceeding of the Nutrition Society, 59: 119-126.
- Cardoso FC, Leblanc SJ, Murphy MR and Drackley JK (2013) Prepartum nutritional strategy affects reproductive performance in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 96: 5859-5871.
- Cowley FC, Barber DG, Houlihan AV and Poppi DP )2015( Immediate and residual effects of heat stress and restricted intake on milk protein and casein composition and energy metabolism. Journal of Dairy Science, 98: 2356-2368.
- Dikmen S and Hansen PJ (2009) Is the temperature-humidity index the best indicator of heat stress inlactating dairy cows in a subtropical environment? Journal of Dairy Science, 92: 109-116.
- Edmonson AJ, Lean IJ, Weaver LD, Farver T and Webster G (1989) A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 72: 68-78.
- Farahani TA, Amanlou H and Kazemi-Bonchenari M (2017) Effects of shortening the close-up periodlength coupled with increased supply of metabolizable protein on performance and metabolic status ofmultiparous Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100: 6199-6217.
- Farahani TA, Amanlou H, Farsuni NE and Kazemi-Bonchenari, M (2019) Interactions of protein levelsfed to Holstein cows pre-and postpartum on productive and metabolic responses. Journal of Dairy Science, 102: 246-452. 259.
- Guo J, Gao S, Quan S, Zhang Y, Bu D and Wang J (2018) Blood amino acids profile responding to heat stress in dairy cows. Asian Australian Journal of Animal Science, 31: 47-53.
- Higginbotham GE, Torabi M and Huber JT (1989) Influence of dietary protein concentration anddegradability on perfonnance of lactating cows during hot environmental temperature. Journal of Dairy Science, 467(72): 2554.
- Husnain A and Santos JEP (2019) Meta-analysis of the effects of prepartum dietary protein on performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 102: 9791-9813.
- Ji P and Dann HM (2013) Negative protein balance: Implications for fresh and transition cows. In Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers. Proceedings Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University. NY, Syracuse.
- Kaufman JD, Kassube KR and Ríus AG (2017) Lowering rumen-degradable protein maintained energycorrected milk yield and improved nitrogen-use efficiency in multiparous lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress. Journal of Dairy Science, 100: 8132-8145.
- Larsen M and Kristensen NB )2009( Effect of abomasal glucose infusion on splanchnic and whole-body glucose metabolism in periparturient dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 92: 1071-1083.
- Mann S, Leal Yepes FA, Overton TR, Wakshlag JJ, Lock AL, Ryan CM and Nydam DV (2015) Dry period plane of energy: Effects on feed intake, energy balance, milk production, and composition in transition dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 98: 3366-3382.
- NRC (2001) Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC.
- Rhoads ML, Rhoads RP, VanBaale MJ, Collier RJ, Sanders SR, Weber WJ, Crooker BA and Baumgard LH (2009) Effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on lactating Holstein cows: I. Production, metabolism, and aspects of circulating so- matotropin, Journal of Dairy Science, 92: 1986-1997.
- Sorensen MT, Nørgaard JV, Theil PK, Vestergaard M and Sejrsen K (2006) Cell turnover and activity in mammary tissue during lactation and dry period in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 4632-4639.
- Streffer C (1988) Aspects of metabolic change after hyperthermia. Recent Results Cancer Res, 107: 7-16.
- Taylor RB, Huber JT, Gomez-Alarcon RA, Wiersma F and Pang X (1991) Influence of proteindegradability and evaporative cooling on performance of dairy cows during hot environmentaltemperatures. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 243-243.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson J and Lewis B (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, andnonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597.
- Visck WJ (1984) Ammonia: its effects on biological systems, metabolic hormones, and reproduction. Journal of Dairy Science, 67: 481-481.
- Wheelock JB, Rhoads RP, Vanbaale MJ, Sanders SR and Baumgard LH (2010) Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 93: 644-655.
- Zhou Z, Loor JJ, Piccioli-Cappelli F, Librandi F, Lobley GE and Trevisi E (2016) Circulating amino acids in blood plasma during the peripartal period in dairy cows with different liver functionality index. Journal of Dairy Science, 99: 2257-2267.
- Zimbelman RB, Rhoads RP, Rhoads ML, Duff GC, Baumgard LH and Collier RJ (2009) A reevaluation of the impact of temperature humidity index (THI) and black globe humidity index (BGHI) on milk production in high producing dairy cows. Proceedings of the Southwest Nutrition Conference. 158-169.
)