نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم دام و طیور، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران.
2 استاد، گروه علوم دام و طیور، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران.
3 دانشیار، گروه علوم دام و طیور، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران.
چکیده
مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر فرآوری کاه گندم و باگاس نیشکر با اوره بر ترکیب شیمیایی، زمان تأخیر و فراسنجه های تجزیه‌پذیری ماده خشک و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) به روش کیسه های نایلونی انجام شد. ترکیب شیمیایی و فراسنجه های تجزیه‌پذیری نمونه های فرآوری‌نشده و عمل‌آوری‌شده با پنج درصد اوره با استفاده از سه راس گاو شیرده (با میانگین وزنی 15±615 کیلوگرم و سه شکم زایش) مجهز به فیستولای شکمبه ای تعیین شد. عمل‌آوری با اوره موجب کاهش زمان تأخیر تجزیه ماده خشک و NDF کاه گندم شد (0/05>P)، اما تأثیری بر زمان تأخیر تجزیه ماده خشک و NDF باگاس نیشکر نداشت. عمل‌آوری کاه گندم با اوره موجب افزایش نرخ تجزیه‌پذیری ماده خشک و NDF شد (0/05>P). اما اثری بر نرخ تجزیه‌پذیری هماده خشک و NDF باگاس نیشکر نداشت. بخش تجزیه‌پذیر بالقوه ماده خشک و NDF هر دو ماده آزمایشی کاه گندم و باگاس نیشکر بعد از عمل‌آوری با اوره افزایش یافت (0/05>P). تجزیه‌پذیری مؤثر هماده خشک و NDF مواد خشبی مورد آزمایش پس از عمل‌آوری با اوره در کاه گندم به‌ترتیب از 35/69 و 21/69 درصد به 44/04 و 29/12 و در باگاس نیشکر به‌ترتیب از 18/88 و 15/65 درصد به 92/23 و 19/52 درصد افزایش یافت (0/05>P). براساس نتایج این آزمایش عمل‌آوری مواد خوراکی خشبی بهویژه کاه گندم با اوره باعث بهبود تجزیه‌پذیری ماده خشک و NDF میشود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The study of chemical composition and ruminal degradability parameters of urea treatment of wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse
نویسندگان [English]
- mansour Dehghani 1
- Ahmad Afzalzadeh 2
- Mohammad Ali Norouzian 3
1 animal Science, College of Abouraihan
2 animal Science/ Abouraihan college
چکیده [English]
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of urea treatment of wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse on chemical composition, lag time and ruminal degradability parameters of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by nylon bag technique. The chemical composition and degradability parameters of unprocessed samples and processed samples with five percent urea were determined using three mature rumen-fistulated Holstein dairy cows (with initial body weight of 615±15 kg and three lactation number). Urea treatment decreased DM and NDF degradation lag time of processed wheat straw (P<0.05); however it had no effect on DM and NDF degradation lag time of sugarcane bagasse. The urea treatment resulted to increase in DM and NDF degradability rate of processed wheat straw (P<0.05), but had no effect on DM and NDF degradability rate of sugarcane bagasse. The potentially degradable fraction of DM and NDF of both experimental materials were increased by treatment (P<0.05). The effective degradability of DM and NDF of experimental roughages increased (P<0.05) after urea treatment from 35.69 and 21.69 to 44.04 and 29.12 percent, respectively for wheat straw and from 18.88 and 15.65 to 23.92 and 19.52 percent, respectively for sugarcane bagasse. According to the results of this experiment, urea treatment of roughages-feeds, especially wheat straw improves degradability of DM and NDF.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Chemical composition
- Degradability parameters
- Sugarcane bagasse
- Urea
- Wheat straw
- Abo-Donia F, Elgaml N, El-Shora M, Riad W and El-Hamady W (2021) Effect of combined lactic acid bacteria at the ensiling of rice straw with whey or molasses plus urea on degradability, palatability, digestibility, and nutritive values. Animal Bioscience, Published online.
- AOAC (1990) Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed., Arlington, VA.
- Chalone H, Rhoades M, Blaser B and Parker D (2017) Nutrient content of wheat and corn in response to the application of urea and the urease inhibitor NPBT. ASABE Annual International Meeting. ASABE Paper No. 1701426. https://doi.org/10.13031/aim.201701426.
- Chaudhry AS (1998) Chemical and biological procedures to upgrade cereal straws for ruminants. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews Series B, 68: 319-331.
- Cloete SWP and Kritzinger NM (1983) A laboratory assessment of various treatment conditions affecting the ammoniation of wheat straw by I. The effect of temperature. moisture level aid treatment period. South African Journal of Animal Science, 14: 55-58.
- Dias-da-Silva AA and Sundstøl F (1986) Urea as source of ammonia for improving the nutritive value of wheat straw. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 14: 67-79.
- Gunun, N, Gunun P, Wanapat M, Cherdthong A, Kang S and Polyorach S (2017) Improving the quality of sugarcane bagasse by urea and calcium hydroxide on gas production, degradability and rumen fermentation characteristics. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 27: 1758-1765.
- Hadad SG a nd Grant RJ (1998) Effects of wheat straw treated with alkali on ruminal function and lactational performance of dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science, 81: 1956-1965.
- Hadden G and Aman P (1983) A comparison between degradation in vitro and in sacco of constituents of untreated and ammonia treated barley straw. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 10: 199-211.
- Hanafi EM, El Khadrawy HH, Ahmed WM and Zaabal MM (2012) Some observations on Rice straw with emphasis on updates of its management. World Applied Sciences Journal, 16: 354-361.
- Joy M, Alibés X and Muñoz F (1992) Chemical treatment of lignocellulosic residues with urea. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 38: 319-333.
- Kashongwe OB, Preminius M, Bockline OB, Patrick AO, Tobias AO and Odhiambo J (2014) Improving the nutritive value of wheat straw with urea and yeast culture for dry season feeding of dairy cows. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 46: 1009-1014.
- Khan MF, Ali A and Muller Z (1992) Nutritional evaluation of sugarcane bagasse based rations treated with urea and cattle manure. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 38: 135-141.
- Kuijk SJA, Sonnenberg AS, Baars JJP, Hendriks WH and Cone JW (2015) The effect of adding urea, manganese and linoleic acid to Optimization of steam treatment as a method for upgrading rice straw as feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 76:345-357.
- Liu JX, Ørskov ER and Chen XB (1999) tract digestibility, and performance of lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 98: 116-121.
- Muazzez C, Özelçam Y and Yeğenoğlu U (2015) Baykal effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation and anhydrous ammonia treatment of wheat straw on In-situ degradability and, rumen fermentation and growth performance of yearling lambs. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 28(5): 639-646.
- Ngele MBT, Adegbola A, Bogoro ES, Abubakar M and Kalla DJU (2009) Rumen degradability and kinetic properties of urea and poultry litter treated rice straw. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture, 21: 32-39.
- Ørskov ER and McDonald I (1979) The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighed according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, 92: 499-503.
- Reddy DV, Usha R, Mehra A and Singh U (1989) Effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the utilization of lignicellulosic residues by rumen micro-organisms. Biological Wastes, 28: 133-141.
- Ribeiro G, Gruninger R, Jones R, Beauchemin KR, Yang WZ, Wang Y, Abbott DW, Tsang A and McAllister TA (2020) Effect of ammonia fiber expansion-treated wheat straw and a recombinant fibrolytic enzyme on rumen microbiota and fermentation parameters, total wheat straw and wood chips on lignin degradation by fungi and subsequent in vitro rumen degradation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 213: 22-28.
- Sahnoune S, Besle JM, Chenost M, Jouany JP and Combes D (1991) Treatment of straw with urea. I. Ureolysis in a low water medium. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 34: 75-93.
- Suksombat S (2004) Comparison of different alkali treatment of bagasse and rice straw. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 10: 1430-1433.
- Tanha T, Zahedifar M and Mahjoubi A (2010) The effect of wheat straw processing on degradability and digestibility and finishing calf performance. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 86: 57-65 (in Persian).
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB and Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597.
- Varga GA (1987) Factors which affect estimation of lag time in the rumen. In: International Symposium on Feed Intake by Beef Cattle. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
- Vanzant ES, Cochran RS and Titgemeyer EC (1998) Standardization of in situ techniques for ruminant feedstuff evaluation. Journal of Animal Science, 76: 2717-2729.
)