نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات علوم دامی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه سل و تحقیقات ریوی، انستیتو پاستور ایران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه میکروب‌شناسی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

این آزمایش به‌منظور بررسی اثرات کربوهیدرات­های دیواره سلولی جیره‌های غذایی مکمل‌شده با آنزیم بر عملکرد و بیان ژن‌های مؤثر در انتقال گلوکز (SGLT1 GLUT2)، پپتیدها (PepT1) و تولید موسین (MUC2) در روده باریک جوجه گوشتی انجام شد. در این مطالعه تعداد 1100 قطعه جوجه یک‌روزه مخلوط (جنس نر و ماده)، از سویه تجاری راس 308 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 11 تیمار و پنج تکرار (20 پرنده در هر تکرار) به‌مدت 42 روز استفاده شد. جیره­های آزمایشی به‌ترتیب شامل جیره شاهد، جیره­های حاوی گندم، جو، سبوس گندم، سبوس برنج و جو بدون پوشینه با و بدون آنزیم بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر جیره‌­های غذایی حاوی گندم، جو و جو بدون پوشینه با آنزیم بر وزن زنده کل جوجه‌های گوشتی در سن 42 روزگی دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار بود (p<0/05). کربوهیدرات­های دیواره سلولی گندم، سبوس گندم و سبوس برنج در جیره­های غذایی باعث افزایش فعالیت آنزیم آمیلاز لوزالمعده (جو 3/02، گندم 5/99 واحد به­ ازای میلی­ گرم پروتئین بافت روده باریک) شدند (p<0/05). بیان ژن‌های SGLT1 و MUC2 مورد مطالعه در پرندگانی که جیره­های بدون آنزیم دریافت کردند بیش‌تر از پرندگانی بود که با جیره شاهد تغذیه شدند (p<0/05). بیان ژن‌های مذکور تنها در پرندگانی که جیره‌های حاوی سبوس گندم و سبوس برنج مکمل‌شده با آنزیم دریافت کردند بیش‌تر از پرندگان شاهد بود (p<0/05). مکمل­ سازی جیره­های غذایی حاوی کربوهیدرات­های دیواره سلولی با آنزیم بر بیان ژن‌های انتقال گلوکز (SGLT1  و GLUT2)، انتقال پپتید (PepT1) و تولید موسین (MUC2) در ژژنوم روده باریک تأثیرگذار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of feed cell wall carbohydrates on the expression of nutrient transport genes and mucin production in the small intestine of broilers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akbar Yaghobfar 1
  • Rezvan Yaghoubfar 2
  • Ehsan Zare Banadkoki 3

1 Aniaml Science Research Institiute

2 PhD study, Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran, rezvanyaghobfar@yahoo.com

3 PhD study, Department of microbiology, Shahed University of medical science, Tehran, Iran, ehsanzare89@gmail.com

چکیده [English]

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of cell wall carbohydrates with diet supplemented enzyme on the function and expression of glucose transporter genes (SGLT1 and GLUT2), peptide transporter (PepT1) and mucin production (MUC2) in the small intestine of broilers. In this study, 1100 mixeddayold chickens (male and female), Ross 308 were used based on a completely randomized design with 11 treatments and five replications (20 birds per replication) for 42 days. Experimental diets included control diets, diets containing wheat, barley, wheat bran, rice bran, and hull less barley with and without enzymes, respectively. The results showed that the effect of diets containing wheat, barley and hull less barley with enzyme on the total live weight of broiler chickens at 42 days of age was significantly different (P <0.05).Cell wall carbohydrates of wheat, wheat bran and rice bran in diets increased pancreatic amylase activity (barley 3.02, wheat 5.99 U/mg CP of small intestinal tissue) (P < 0.05). The expression of the studied SGLT1 and MUC2 genes in the experimental diets without enzyme showed a significant increase compared to enzymes supplemented diet (P < 0.05). Also, among the groups of enzyme-supplemented diets, only wheat and rice bran groups were able to increase the expression of SGLT1, MUC2 and GLUT2 genes compared to the control group (P <0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of diets containing cell wall carbohydrates with enzyme affects the expression of glucose transport genes (SGLT1 and GLUT2), peptide transport (PepT1) and mucin production (MUC2) in the small intestine jejunum. This indicates the optimal function of the digestive system of broilers in terms of digestion and absorption of nutrients.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broilers
  • Cell wall carbohydrates
  • Diets
  • Enzyme activity
  • Gene expression
  1. Brenes AM, Smith W G and Marquardt RR (1993a) Effect of enzyme supplementation on the performance and digestive tract size of broiler chickens fed wheat and barley based diets. Poultry Science, 72: 1731-1739.
  2. Chen H, Pan Y, Wong EA and Webb Jr KE (2005) Dietary protein level and stage of development effect expression of an intestine peptide transporter (cPepT1) in chickens. Journal of Nutrition, 135: 193-198.
  3. Cowieson A, Acamovic T and Bedford M (2004) The effects of phytase and phytic acid on the loss of endogenous amino acids and minerals from broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 45(1): 101-108.
  4. Ferraris RP (2001) Dietary and developmental regulation of intestinal sugar transport. Biochemical Journal, 360(2): 265-276.
  5. Finnie S, Bettge A and Morris C (2006) Influence of cultivar and environment on water soluble and water insoluble arabinoxylans in soft wheat. Cereal Chemistry, 83(6): 617-623.
  6. Garcia M, Lazaro R, Latorre MA, Gracia MI and Mateos GG (2008) Influence of enzyme supplementation and heat processing of barley on digestive traits and productive performance of broilers. Poultry Science, 87: 940-948.
  7. Gilbert E, Wong E and Webb K (2008) Board-invited review: peptide absorption and utilization: implications for animal nutrition and health. Journal of Animal Science, 86(9): 2135-2155.
  8. Gilbert ER, Li H, Emerson DA, Webb Jr KE and Wong EA (2007) Development regulation of nutrient transporter and enzyme mRNA abundance in the small intestine of broilers. Poultry Science, 86: 1739-1753.
  9. Gilbert, E.R., H. Li, D.A, Emerson, K.E. Webb Jr, and Wong EA (2008) Dietary protein quality and feed restriction influence abundance of nutrient transporter mRNA in the small intestine of broiler chicks. Journal of Nutrition, 138: 262-271.
  10. Gilbert ER, Li H, Emmerson DA, Webb Jr KE and Wong EA (2010) Dietary protein composition influences abundance of peptide and amino acid transporter messenger ribonucleic acid in the small intestine of 2 lines of broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 89: 1663-1676.
  11. Iji P, Saki A and Tivey D (2001) Body and intestinal growth of broiler chicks on a commercial starter diet. 2. Development and characteristics of intestinal enzymes. British Poultry Science, 42(4): 514-522.
  12. Kies A, Van Hemert K and Sauer W (2001) Effect of phytase on protein and amino acid digestibility and energy utilisation. World's Poultry Science Journal, 57(2): 109-126.
  13. Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-∆∆Ct Journal of Methods, 25: 402-408, Elsevier Science (USA).  
  14. Mirzaie S, Zaghari M, Aminzadeh S, Shivazad M and Mateos GG (2012) Effect of wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation of the diet on productive performance, nutrient retention and endogenous intestinal enzyme activity of laying hens. Poultry Science, 91: 413-425.
  15. Montagné L, Piel C and Lallès JP (2004) Effect of diet on mucin kinetics and composition: nutrition and health implications. Nutrition Reviews, 62(3): 105-114.
  16. Moran Jr ET (2007) Nutrition of the developing embryo and hatchling. Poultry Science, 86(5): 1043-1049.
  17. Mott CR, Siegel PB, Webb Jr KE and Wong EA (2008) Gene expression of transporters in the small intestine of chickens from lines divergently selected for high or low Junvenile body weight. Poultry Science, 87: 2215-2224.
  18. Noy Y and Sklan D (1996) Uptake capacity in vitro for glucose and methionine and in situ for oleic acid in the proximal small intestine of posthatch chicks. Poultry Science, 75(8):998-1002.
  19. Ravindran V, Selle P and Bryden W (1999) Effects of phytase supplementation, individually and in combination, with glycanase, on the nutritive value of wheat and barley. Poultry Science, 78(11): 1588-1595.
  20. Sales NMR, Peletgrini PB and Goersch MC (2014) Nutrigenomicd: definitions and advances of this new science. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. Volume 2014, Article ID 202759, 6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/202759.
  21. Silva S and Smithard R (2002) Effect of enzyme supplementation of a rye-based diet on xylanase activity in the small intestine of broilers, on intestinal crypt cell proliferation and on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of the birds. British Poultry Science, 43(2): 274-282.
  22. Smirnov A, Sklan D and Uni Z (2004) Mucin dynamics in the chick small intestine are altered by starvation. The Journal of Nnutrition, 134(4): 736-742.
  23. Sun X, McElroy A, Novak C, Wong E, Remus J, Stevens A and Pierson W (2007) Effect of corn and enzyme supplementation on broiler performance, gastrointestinal enzymes activity, nutrient retention, intestinal mucin, and jejunal gene expression. Dissertation submitted to the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and state university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Animal and Poultry Department of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, November 19. Blacksburg, Virginia.
  24. Tako E, Ferket P and Uni Z (2004) Effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on the development of chicken Poultry Science, 83(12): 2023-2028.
  25. Tanabe H, Sugiyama K, Matsuda T, Kiriyama S and Morita T (2005) Small intestine mucins are secreted in proportion to the setting volume in water if dietary indigestible components in rats. Journal of Nutrition, 135: 2431-2437.
  26.