1. Al-Daraji HJ, Al-Hassani AS, Al-Mashadani HA,
Al-Hayani WK and Mirza HA (2010) Effect of
dietary supplementation with sources of omega-3
and omega-6 fatty acids on certain blood
characteristics of laying quail. International
Journal of Poultry Science, 9(7): 689-694.
2. Al-Daraji HJ, Al-Mashadani HA, Al-Hayani
WK, Mirza HA and Al-Hassani AS (2010)
Effect of dietary supplementation with
different oils on productive and reproductive
performance of quail. International Journal of
Poultry Science, 9(5): 429-435.
3. Al-Daraji HJ, Al-Mashadani HA, Mirza HA,
Al-Hayani WK and Al-Hassani AS (2011)
Influence of source of oil added to diet on egg
quality traits of laying quail. International
Journal of Poultry Science, 10(2): 130-136.
4. Bean LD and Leeson S (2003) Long – term
effects of feeding flaxseed on performance and
egg fatty acid composition of brown and white
hens. Poultry Science Journal, 82: 388-394.
5. Burdge GC and Calder PC (2005) Conversion of
alpha-linolenic acid to longer-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adults.
Reproduction Nutrition Development, 45:581-597.
6. Calder PC (2001) Polyunsaturated fatty acid,
inflammation, and immunity. Lipids, 36: 1007-
1024.
7. Calder PC (2010) Omega-3 fatty acids and
inflammatory processes. Nutrients, 2(3):355-374.
8. Cerolini S, Kelso KA, Noble RC, Speake BK,
Pizzi F and Cavalchini LG (1997) Relationship
between spermatozoan lipid composition and
fertility during aging of chickens. Biology of
Reproduction, 57: 976-980.
9. Darlington LG and Stone TW (2001)
Antioxidants and fatty acids in the amelioration
of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders.
British Journal of Nutrition, 85(3): 251-269.
10. Harris WS (1989) Fish oilsand plasmalipid and
lipoprotein metabolism in humans: critical
review. The Journal of Lipid Research, 30:
785-807.
11. Ibrahim D, El-Sayed R, Khater SI, Said EN and
El-Mandrawy SAM (2018) Changing dietary n-
6:n-3 ratio using different oil sources affects
performance, behavior, cytokines mRNA
expression and meat fatty acid profile of broiler
chickens. Animal Nutrition, 4: 44-51.
12. Jamali MR, Ghorbani MR, Tatar A, Salari S, and
Chaji M (2016) Determination nutritional value
of Purslane powder and evaluation of its effects
in diet on laying hens performance. Journal of
Animal Production, 18(1): 107-118. (In Persian)
13. Khatibjoo A, Kermanshahi H, Golian A and
Zaghari M (2018) The effect of n-6/n-3 fatty
acid ratios on broiler breeder performance,
hatchability, fatty acid profile and
reproduction. Animal Physiology and Animal
Nutrition, 1-13.
14. Koppenol A, Delezie E, Aerts J, Willems E,
Wang Y, Franssens L and Buyse J (2014) Effect
of the ratio of dietary n-3 fatty acids
eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid
on broiler breeder performance, egg quality, and
yolk fatty acid composition at different breeder
ages. Poultry Science, 93: 564-573.
15. Lopez-Pedrosa JM, Ramirez M, Torres MI and
Gil A (1999) Dietary phospholipids rich in
long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids improve
the repair of small intestine in previously
malnourished piglets. The Journal of Nutrition,
129: 1149-1155.
16. Mirshekar R, Boldaji F, Dastar B and Yamchi
A (2014) Effect of substituting soybean oil
with flaxseed oil for different durations on
broiler performance, carcass composition and
n-3 enrichment of chicken breast and thigh.
Animal Production Research, 3(3). (In Persian)

17. Mousavi A, Mahdavi AH, Riasi A and
Hosseini H (2017) Effects of medicinal plants’
by-product mixture on blood parameters, egg
quality and immunological responses of laying
hens fed diets with different Omega-6 to
Omega-3 ratios. Journal of Animal Science
Research, 27(4): 35-55. (In Persian)
18. National Research Council (1994) Nutrient
Requirements of Poultry. 9th revised ed. National
Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
19. Pappas AC, Acamovic T, Sparks NHC, Surai
PF and McDevitt RM (2005) Effects of
supplementing broiler breeder diets with
organic selenium and polyunsaturated fatty
acids on egg quality during storage. Poultry
Science, 84(6): 865-874.
20. Pilevar M, Arshami J, Golian A and Basami
MR (2011) Effects of dietary n-6:n-3 ratio on
immune and reproductive systems of pullet
chicks. Poultry Science, 90: 1758-1766.
21. Royan M, Navidshad B and Akhlaghi A (2015)
The Role of Dietary Fat to Produce Chicken
Meat as a Functional Food: A Review. Iranian
Journal of Applied Animal Science, 5(1): 5-12.
22. Schwab JM and Serhan CN (2006) Lipoxins and
new lipid mediators in the resolution of
inflammation. Current Opinion in Pharmacology,
6(4): 414-420.
23. Statistical Analysis System Institute (2008)
SAS/STAT user's Guide, Version 9 (Vol. 1).
SAS Institute.
24. Wang YB, Yang XJ, Qin DK, Feng Y, Guo YM
and Yao JH (2011) Effects of eicosapentaenoic
acid and docosahexaenoic acid on responses of
LPS-stimulated intestinal B lymphocytes from
broiler chickens studied in vitro. European Food
Research and Technology, 233(4): 677-683.