نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.
2 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.
3 استاد، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
چکیده
هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی اثر افزودن پودر چربی و روغن دانه کتان در شیر بر عملکرد، رشد، سلامت، فراسنجههای خون و شکمبه بود. به این منظور از 45 راس گوساله شیرخوار (0/5±38 کیلوگرم= میانگین وزن بدن) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه جیره آزمایشی و 15 تکرار، در میانگین دمایی 10 درجه سانتی‌گراد از سن سه‌روزگی تا 30 روزگی استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1- کنسانتره شروعکننده پایه و شیر بدون مکمل چربی (شاهد)، 2- کنسانتره شروعکننده پایه به‌همراه شیر حاوی پودر چربی(ده گرم در لیتر شیر)، 3- کنسانتره شروعکننده پایه به‌همراه شیر حاوی روغن کتان (ده گرم در لیتر شیر) بود. افزایش وزن روزانه در سه تا 30 روزگی و وزن 30 روزگی در تیمار روغن کتان بیش‌تر از تیمار شاهد بود (p<0/05). گوسالههای تیمار روغن کتان در 30 روزگی ارتفاع لگن بالاتری نسبت به تیمار شاهد داشتند (p<0/05). غلظت کلسترول خون در تیمار شاهد بالاتر از تیمار روغن کتان و غلظت کورتیزول خون در تیمار روغن کتان از تیمار شاهد کم‌تر بود (p<0/05). نسبت پروتئین کل به آلبومین در تیمار روغن کتان از تیمار شاهد کم‌تر بود (p<0/05). فراسنجههای شکمبهای تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که استفاده از منابع چربی حاوی اسید لینولنیک مانند روغن کتان در ترکیب شیر تأثیر مثبتی بر عملکرد، رشد و سلامت گوسالههای شیرخوار در طول ماه اول زندگی آن‌ها دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effect of adding sources of fat to milk on performance, growth, health, blood and ruminal parameters of Holstein female dairy calves in the first month after birth
نویسندگان [English]
- mohammad ali ahangarani 1
- Mohammadreza Dehghani 2
- abbas ali naserian 3
1 student
2
3 animal science, agriculture college ,Mashhad ferdowsi university
چکیده [English]
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of adding fat powder and flaxseed oil in milk on performance, growth, health, blood and rumen parameters of 45 suckling calves (avarage body weight = 38 ± 0.5 kg) in a compeletly randomized design in 10℃ of average temperature from d 3 to 30 of age in individual boxes. Experimental treatments included: 1- basal starter and milk without fat supplement (control) 2- basal starter and milk with fat powder (10 g/liter of milk) 3- basal starter and milk with flaxseed oil (10 g/liter of milk). Daily weight gain from d 3 to 30 and weight at d 30 were higher in flaxseed oil treatment than control treatment (P ≤ 0.05). Calves fed flaxseed oil treatment had higher hip height than control treatment at d 30 (P ≤ 0.05). Blood cholesterol concentration was higher in control treatment than flaxseed oil treatment and blood cortisol concentration was lower in flaxseed oil treatment than control treatment (P ≤ 0.05). The ratio of total protein to albumin in flaxseed oil treatment was lower than control treatment (P ≤ 0.05). Ruminal parameters were not affected by the experimental treatments. The results of this research indicated that using of fat sources including linolenic acid as flaxseed oil in milk have a positive effect on the performance, growth and health during the first month after birth of dairy calves.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Daily weight gain
- dairy calf
- feed intake
- saturated fatty acid
- unsaturated fatty acid
- Abuelfatah K, Zuki A, Goh Y and Sazili A (2016) Effects of enriching goat meat with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on meat quality and stability. Small Ruminant Research 136:36-42.
- AOAC (2000) Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 17th Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
- Araujo G, Terre M and Bach A (2014) Interaction between milk allowance and fat content of the starter feed on performance of Holstein calves. Journal of Dairy Science 97: 6511–6518. Calder P C (2005) Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation. Biochemical Society Transactions. 33: 423-427.
Conners W E (2000) Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71:171-175.
Garcia M, Shin JH, Schlaefli A, Greco LF, Maunsell FP, Thatcher WW, Santos JEP and Staples CR (2015) Increasing intake of essential fatty acids from milk replacer benefitsperformance, immune responses, and health of preweaned Holstein calves. Journal of Dairy Science 98: 458-477.
- Ghasemi E, Azad-Shahraki M and Khorvash M (2017) Effect of different fat supplements on performance of dairy calves during cold season. Journal of Dairy Science 100: 5319-5328.
- Hill TM, Bateman II HG, Aldrich JM and Schlotterbeck RL (2011) Impact of various fatty acids on dairy calf performane. The Professional Animal Scientist 27: 167-175.
- Hill TM, Quigley JD, Suarez-Mena FX, Bateman II HG and Schlotterbeck RL (2016) Effect of milk replacer feeding rate and functional fatty acids on dairy calf performance and digestion of nutrients. Journal of Dairy Science 99: 6352-6361.
- Hill TM, Quigley JD, Suarez-Mena FX, Bateman II HG and Schlotterbeck RL (2016) Effect of milk replacer feeding rate and functional fatty acids on dairy calf performance and digestion of nutrients. Journal of Dairy Science 99: 6352-6361.
- Huuskonen A, Khalili H, Kiljala J, Joki-Tokola E and Nousiainen J (2005) Effects of vegetable fats versus lard in milk replacers on feed intake, digestibility, and growth in Finnish Ayrshire bull calves. Journal of Dairy science. 88: 3575-3581.
- Ivan M, Petit H, Chiquette J and Wright AD (2013) Rumen fermentation and microbial population in lactating dairy cows receiving diets containing oilseeds rich in C-18 fatty acids. British Journal of Nutrition 109: 1211-1218.
- Kadkhoday A, Riasia A, Alikhania M, Dehghan-Banadaky M and Kowsara R (2017) Effects of fat sources and dietary C18:2 to C18:3 fatty acids ratio on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and some blood components of Holstein calves. Journal of Livestock Science 204: 71-77.
- Karcher E, Hill T M, Bateman H G, Schlotterbeck R L, Vito N, Sordillo L M and VandeHaar M J (2014) Comparison of supplementation of n-3 fatty acids from fish and flax oil on cyto-kine gene expression and growth of milk-fed Holstein calves. Journal of Dairy Science 97: 2329-2337.
- Lyon T, Boland T, Storey S and Doyle E (2017) Linseed oil supplementation of lambs diet in early life leads to persistent changes in rumen microbiome structure. Journal of Frontiers in microbiology 8:1656.
- Montoro C and Bach A (2012) Voluntary selection of starter feed ingredients offered separately to nursing calves. Livestock Science 149: 62-69.
- Patterson E, Wall R, Fitzgerald G, Ross R and Stanton C (2012) Health implications of high dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
- Pazoki A, Ghorbani GR, Kargar S, Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi A, Drackley JK and Ghaffari MH (2017) Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and rumen development of calves during transition from liquid to solid feed: Effects of physical form of starter feed and forage provision. Animal Feed Science and Technology 234: 173-185.
- Quigley JD, Hill TM, Hulbert E, Dennis TS, Suarez-Mena XF and Bortoluzzi EM (2019) Effects of fatty acids and calf starter form on intake, growth, digestion, and selected blood metabolites in male calves from 0 to 4 months of age. Journal of Dairy Science.102.
- Shingfield KJ, Kairenius P, Arola A, Muetzel DS, Ahvenjarvi S, Vanhatalo A, Huhtanen P, Toivonen V, Griinari JM and Wallace RJ (2012) Dietary fish oil supplements modify ruminal biohydrogenation, alter the flow of fatty acids at the omasum, and induce changes in the ruminal Butyrivibrio population in lactating cows. Journal of Nutrition 142: 1437-1448.
- Watkins BA, Lippman HE, Bouteiller L, Li Y and Seifert MF (2001) Bioactive fatty acids: role in bone biology and bone cell function. Progress in Lipid Research 40(1-2): 125-148 .
- Yeom KH, Schonewille JT, Van TG, Kappert HJ, Hovenier R, Lee KW and Beynen AC (2004) Growth performance and fatty acid status of goat kids fed milk replacers with different contents of linolenic and alpha-linolenic acid. Journal of Animal Science. 84: 1811-1819.
)