نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد تغذیه طیور، گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد

چکیده

این آزمایش به‌منظور بررسی اثر سطح پروتئین قابل‌هضم و توازن ‌الکترولیتی جیره پایانی بر عملکرد، فراسنجه‌های خون و بافت‌شناسی روده با استفاده از تعداد 500 قطعه جوجه گوشتی مخلوط دو جنس سویه راس‌308 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و به‌صورت فاکتوریل 5×2 با دو سطح پروتئین ‌قابل ‌هضم (5/16 و 19درصد) و پنج سطح توازن ‌الکترولیتی (150، 200، 250، 300 و 350 میلی‌اکی‌والان در کیلوگرم‌جیره) در دوره پایانی (25 تا 42 روزگی) با پنج تکرار 10 قطعه­ای انجام شد. جوجه­­ها از 42-28 روزگی به مدت هشت ساعت روزانه تحت تنش گرمایی 2±32 درجه ‌ سانتی­گراد قرار گرفتند. افزایش سطح پروتئین اثری بر افزایش وزن دوره پایانی جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی نداشت. مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل جوجه­های ‌گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره 5/16درصد، بیشتر از 19درصد پروتئین بود (05/0­<­P). بیشترین افزایش وزن و کمترین ضریب تبدیل در توازن 200 میلی‌اکی‌والان مشاهده شد که تفاوت آنها به ترتیب تنها با تیمارهای 300 و 150 میلی‌اکی‌والان معنی‌دار نبود. بیشترین افزایش وزن در جوجه­های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی 5/16درصد پروتئین و 200 میلی‌اکی‌والان توازن ‌الکترولیت مشاهده شد(05/0­<­P). سرم جوجه­های تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی 19درصد در مقایسه با 5/16درصدپروتئین ‌قابل ‌هضم، دارای تری‌گلیسیرید کمتر اما پروتئین کل، کراتینین و اسید اوریک بالا­تری بودند (05/0­<­P). افزایش پروتئین جیره از 5/16درصد به 19درصد، تأثیری بر ویژگی‌های بافت‌شناسی روده نداشت. تغذیه جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی با تعادل الکترولیتی 250 میلی‌اکی‌والان، مساحت سطح پرز را افزایش داد (05/0­<­P). بر اساس نتایج حاصل، در دوره پایانی پرورش جوجه­های گوشتی در شرایط تنش گرمایی، جیره حاوی 5/16درصد پروتئین قابل هضم و توازن الکترولیتی 200 میلی‌اکی‌والان توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of digestible protein and electrolyte balance level in finisher diet on performance, intestine morphology and blood parameters of broiler chickens under heat stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bashir Ghasempour 1
  • Abolghasem Golian 2
  • Ahmad hassanabadi 2

1

2 Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of varying levels of digestible protein (DP) and dietary electrolyte balances (DEB) during the finisher period on performance, blood parameters and small intestine histology of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. A total of 500 mixed sex chickens (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design as a 2×5 factorial arrangement with two levels of DP (%16.5 and %19) and five levels of DEB (150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 meq/kg of diet)with five replicates of 10 birds each during the finisher period. The chicks were exposed to heat stress of 32±2 °C for eight hours/day during 28-42 days of age. Increasing DP levels did not have a significant effect on weight gain under heat stress during the finisher period. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chickens fed 16.5% DP diet was significantly more than 19% DP fed birds (P<0.05). The highest weight gain and lowest FCR were observed in chickens fed 200 mEq/kg of diet EBD which were significantly different only with 300 and 150 mEq/kg EBD treatments. The highest weight gain was observed in broilers fed diet containing 16.5% DP and 200 mEq EBD. Broilers fed diet containing 19% DP in compare to those fed 16.5% DP had lower plasma triglycerides and higher total protein, creatinine, and uric acid contents. Increasing digestible protein from 16.5% to 19% had no significant effect (P>0.05) on small intestine morphology. Diet containing 250 mEq/kg of diet EBD significantly (P<0.05) increased villi surface of small intestine in chickens suffering heat stress. It is concluded that, feeding of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress during the finishing period with diet containing 16.5% digestible protein and 200 mEq/kg dietary electrolyte balances is recommendable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broiler Chickens
  • dietary electrolyte balance
  • digestible protein
  • heat stress
  • Performance
1.      Adekunmisi AA and Robbins KR (1987) Effects of dietary crude protein, electrolyte balance, and photoperiod on growth of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 66: 299-305.
2.       Ahmad T and Sarwar M (2006) Dietary electrolyte balance: Implications in heat stressed broilers-A review. World's Poultry Science Journal 62: 638–653.
3.      Ahmad T, Sarwar M, Mahr-un-Nisa M, Ahsan-ul-Haq A and Zia-ul-Hasan Z (2005). Influence of varying sources of dietary electrolytes on the performance of broilers reared in a high temperature environment. Animal Feed Science and Technology 120: 277–298.
4.       Alleman F and LeClercq B (1997) Effect of dietary protein and environmental temperature on growth performance and water consumption of male broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 38: 607–610.
5.       Borgatti LMO, Albuguerque R, Meister NC, Souza LMO, Lima FR and Trindadeneto M A (2004) Performance of broilers fed diets with different dietary electrolyte balance under summer conditions. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 6: 153-157.
6.       Borges SA, Fischer da Silva AV, Ariki J, Hooge DM and Cummings KR (2003a) Dietary electrolyte balance for broiler chickens under moderately high ambient temperatures and relative humidities. Poultry Science 82: 301-308.
7.       Borges SA, Fischer da Silva AV, Ariki J, Hooge DM and Cummings KR (2003b) Dietary electrolyte balance for broiler chickens exposed to thermoneutral or heat-stress environments. Poultry Science 82: 428–435.
8.       Borges SA, Fischer da Silva AV, Maiorka A, Hooge DM and Cummings KR (2004) Effects of diet and cyclic daily heat stress on electrolyte, nitrogen and water intake, excretion and retention by colostomized male broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science 3: 313-321.
9.       Buwjoom T, Yamauchi K, Erikawa T and Goto H (2010) Histological intestinal alterations in chickens fed low-protein diet. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 94: 354–361.
10.    Cheng TK, Hamre ML and Coon CN (1997) Responses of broilers to dietary protein levels and amino acid supplementation to low protein diets at various environmental temperatures. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 6: 18-33.
11.    Geraert PA, Guillaumin S and Leclercq B (1993) Are genetically lean broilers more resistant to hot climate? British Poultry Science 34: 643–653.
12.    Gonzalez-Esquerra R and Leeson S (2005) Effects of acute versus chronic heat stress on broiler response to dietary protein. Poultry Science 84: 1562–1569.
13.    Harrison G J and Harrison LR (1986) Clinical Avian Medicine and Surgery. Philadelphia. W. B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia.
14.    Iji PA, Hughes RJ, Choct M and Tivey DR (2001) Intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens on wheat-based diets supplemented with a microbial enzyme. Animal Science 14: 54-60
15.    Johnson RJ and Karunajeewa H (1985) The effects of dietary minerals and electrolytes on the growth and physiology of the young chick. Journal of Nutrition 115: 1680-1690.
16.    Kubena LF, Dealton JW, Reece FN, May D and Vardaman TH (1972) The influence of temperature and sex on the amino acid requirements of the broiler. Poultry Science 51: 1391–1396.
17.    Laudadio V, Passantino L, Perillo A, Lopresti G, Passantino A, Khan RU and Tufarelli V (2012) Productive performance and histological features of intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens fed different dietary protein levels. Poultry Science 91: 265–270.
18.    Leeson S (1986) Nutritional considerations of poultry during heat stress. World’s Poultry Science Journal 42: 69–81.
19.    McLeod, MG (1992) Energy and nitrogen intake, expenditure and retention at 32°C in growing fowl given diets with wide range of energy and protein contents. British Journal of Nutrition 67: 195–206.
20.    Musharaf NA and Latshaw JD (1999) Heat increment as affected by protein and amino acid nutrition. World’s Poultry Science Journal 55: 233–240.
21.    Oviedo-Rondon, EO, Murakami AE, Furlan AC, Moreira I and Macari M (2001) Sodium and chloride requirements of young broiler chickens fed corn-soybean diets (one to twenty one days of age). Poultry Science 80: 592–598.
22.    SAS Institute (2004) SAS User’s Guide. SAS Institute. Inc. Cary. NC.
23.    Swatson, HK, Gous R, Iji PA and Zarrinkalam R (2002) Effect of dietary protein level, amino acid balance, and feeding level on growth, gastrointestinal tract, and mucosal structure of the small intestine in broiler chickens. Animal Research 51: 501–515.
24.    Teeter RG and Belay T (1996) Broiler management during heat stress. Animal Feed Science and Technology 58: 127–142.
25.    Waldroup PW, Mitchell RJ, Payne JR and Hazen KR (1976) Performance of chicks fed diets formulated to minimize excess levels of essential amino acids. Poultry Science 55: 243–253.
26.    Yahav SA (2000) Domestic fowl-strategies to confront environmental conditions. Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews Journal 11: 81–95.