نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مدیر گروه علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، تخصص: تغذیه طیور/ تغذیه زنبور عسل

2 مدیر مرکز بهداشت و درمان شهرستان شاهین شهر و میمه. دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان. اصفهان. ایران

3 مربی گروه علوم دامی، موسسه آموزش عالی علمی کاربردی و مهارتی کشاورزی. تهران. ایران

چکیده

به منظور اندازه­گیری خصوصیات فیزیکی - شیمیایی منابع روغن سویا و بررسی تاثیر مصرف آن­ها بر عملکرد رشد جوجه­های گوشتی دو آزمایش انجام شد. در آزمایش اول، الگوی اسیدهای چرب روغن مایع سویا، روغن هیدروژنه سویا، روغن بازیافتی سویا و مایع صابون اسیدی سویا اندازه­گیری شد و انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز ظاهری (AME) آن­ها با استفاده از خروس­های بالغ برآورد شد. در آزمایش دوم، اثرات مصرف میزان پنج درصد از روغن­های مورد مطالعه در جیره، بر عملکرد رشد جوجه­های گوشتی راس 308 در قالب یک طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تیمار و پنج تکرار بررسی شد. مقدار اسید لینولئیک در روغن­های مایع، هیدروژنه، بازیافتی و مایع صابون اسیدی سویا به ترتیب 46/51، 35/11، 53/32 و  درصد بود.AME  برآورد  شده برای روغن­های مایع سویا، هیدروژنه سویا، بازیافتی سویا و مایع صابون اسیدی سویا به روش حاصل ضرب به ترتیب 8920، 8733،8602 و 7836 کیلوکالری بر کیلوگرم و به روش تفاضل به ترتیب 9016، 8794، 8765 و 7906 کیلوکالری بر کیلوگرم برآورد شد که بیانگر بالاتر بودن مقادیر انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز ظاهری محاسبه شده به روش تفاضل نسبت به روش حاصلضرب می­باشد. همچنین استفاده از روغن هیدروژنه سویا در جیره، مصرف خوراک را در مقایسه با روغن مایع سویا افزایش داد (05/0P<). در دوره رشد، میزان افزایش وزن با تغذیه جیره­های حاوی مایع صابون اسیدی سویا در مقایسه با جیره­های حاوی روغن مایع سویا، کاهش و ضریب تبدیل افزایش یافت (05/0P<). نتایج نشان داد که مصرف روغن بازیافتی سویا هیچگونه اثر سویی بر عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی ندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of Apparent Metabolizable Energy of Soy Oil Sources and their Effects on Broiler Performance

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Irandoust 1
  • Ali Parsa 2

1 Manager of Animal Science Department

2

3

چکیده [English]

Two experiments were carried out to determine the physicochemical properties of soy oil sources and investigate the effect of their use in broilers diets on growth performance. In the first experiment, fatty acids composition of the experimental oils was determined and then the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of oils was estimated through two methods, including multiplying the digestibility of the oil by its gross energy value as well as subtracting AME value of the basal diet from diets containing the oils using Leghorn mature roosters. In the second experiment, the effects of four dietary treatments containing 5% of each oil source was studied on the performance of Ross 308 broilers, replicated 5 times, using a completely randomized design. Linoleic acid content turned out to be 51.46% in soybean oil (SO), 11.35% in hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO), 32.53% in recycled soybean oil (RSO) and 40.03% in acidulated soybean oil soap-stock (ASO). The AME of the oils obtained by multiplying method for SO, HSO, RSO and ASO appeared to be 8920, 8733, 8602 and 7836 kcal/kg, respectively. When calculated by subtracting method, the AME of the oils turned out to be 9016, 8794, 8765 and 7906 kcal/kg, respectively, which indicates higher values obtained from the latter method than former one. Moreover, HSO improved feed intake compared with SO (P<0.05). Also, ASO reduced daily weight gain and increased FCR in grower period compared with SO. It is concluded that recycled soybean oil appeared to have no adverse effect on broiler performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • apparent metabolizable energy
  • broiler
  • digestibility
  • performance
  • soybean oil
  1. AOAC (2002) Official Methods of Analysis. 17th. Ed., Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, DC.
  2. Atteh J, Leeson S, and Summers J (1989) Effects of dietary sources and levels of fat on laying hens fed two levels of calcium. Nutrition Reports International, 40: 451-463.
  3. Aviagen (2012) Ross 308 Broiler Nutrition Specifications. http://en.aviagen.com/ross-308/. Accessed July 2014.
  4. Blanch A, Barroeta A, Baucells M, Serrano X, and Puchal F (1996) Utilization of different fats and oils by adult chickens as a source of energy, lipid and fatty acids. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 61: 335-342.
  5. Blas E, Cervera C, Rodenas L, Martínez E, and Pascual J (2010) The use of recycled oils from the food industry in growing rabbit feeds in substitution of fresh oil does not affect performance. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 161: 67-74.
  6. Chaiyasit W, Elias RJ, McClements DJ, and Decker EA (2007) Role of physical structures in bulk oils on lipid oxidation. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 47: 299-317.
  7. Cherian G, and Sim J (1992) Omega-3 fatty acid and cholesterol content of newly hatched chicks from α-linolenic acid enriched eggs. Lipids, 27: 706-710.
  8. De Groóte G (1975) Net energy systems for chickens. Proceedings of the Georgia Nutrition Conference; Atlanta, Georgia: Universty of Georgia: 9-30.
  9. Dvorin A, Zoref Z, Morkadi S, and Nitsan Z (1998) Nutritional aspects of hydrogenated and regular soybean oil added to diets of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 77: 820-825.
  10. Hakansson J (1974) Factors affecting the digestibility of fats and fatty acids in chicks and hens. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research, 4: 33-47.
  11. Huyghebaert G, De Munter G, and De Groote G (1988) The metabolisable energy (AME) of fats for broilers in relation to their chemical composition. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 20: 45-58.
  12. Institute, SAS (2001) Statistical Analysis Systems User’s Guide, 8th ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  13. Leeson S, and Summers JD (2001) Scott's nutrition of the chicken. University Books, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
  14. Mateos GG, and Sell JL (1980a) Influence of graded levels of fat on utilization of pure carbohydrate by the laying hen. The Journal of Nutrition, 110: 1894-1903.
  15. Mateos GG, and Sell JL (1980b) True and apparent metabolizable energy value of fat for laying hens: influence of level of use. Poultry Science, 59: 369-373.
  16. McNab J, and Blair J (1988) Modified assay for true and apparent metabolisable energy based on tube feeding. British Poultry Science, 29: 697-707.
  17. National Research Council (1994) Nutrient requirements of poultry. Ninth Revised Edition, National Academy Press, Washington D.C.
  18. Pesti G, Bakalli R, Qiao M, and Sterling K (2002) A comparison of eight grades of fat as broiler feed ingredients. Poultry Science, 81: 382-390.
  19. Sauvant D (2004) Tables of composition and nutritional value of feed materials: Pigs, poultry, cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, horses and fish, Purdue University Press.
  20. Scott ML, Nesheim MC, and Young RJ (1976) Nutrition of the chicken. Second Edition, ML Scott and Associates, Publishers, Ithaca, New York.
  21. Sibbald IR, Centre AR, and Branch CACR (1983) The TME system of feed evaluation. Agriculture Canada, Research Branch.
  22. Vieira SL, Viola E, Berres J, Olmos A, Conde O, and Almeida J (2006) Performance of broilers fed increased levels energy in the pre-starter diet and on subsequent feeding programs having with acidulated soybean soapstock supplementation. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola, 8: 55-61.
  23. Waldroup PW, Watkins SE, and Saleh EA (1995) Comparison of two blended animal-vegetable fats having low or high free fatty acid content. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 4: 41-48.
  24. Wiseman J, and Salvador F (1991) The influence of free fatty acid content and degree of saturation on the apparent metabolizable energy value of fats fed to broilers. Poultry Science, 70: 573-582.
  25. Zumbado ME, Scheele CW, and Kwakernaak C (1999) Chemical composition, digestibility, and metabolizable energy content of different fat and oil by-products. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 8: 263-271.