نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه و مربی پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مرکزی، اراک، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، ایران

3 استادیار بازنشسته، موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، کرج، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک، ایران

چکیده

امکان ساخت و اثرات استفاده از یک ترکیب آهسته رهش نیتروژن‌دار غیرپروتئینی در تغذیه دام­های نشخوارکننده در یک آزمایش دو مرحله‌ای بررسی شد. در مرحله اول، ساخت ترکیب آهسته رهش با استفاده از متصل نمودن زنجیره کربنی  شاخه­دار به ملکول اوره و کاهش درجه حل­پذیری آن انجام شد و نمونه‌های ساخته شده از نظر ساختمان شیمیایی، خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی بررسی شد. در مرحله دوم، اثرات استفاده از ترکیب ساخته شده بر خصوصیات تخمیر شکمبه، قابلیت هضم خوراک، تولید پروتئین میکروبی و تعادل نیتروژن در مقایسه با اوره معمولی و جیره شاهد فاقد نیتروژن غیرپروتئینی در یک آزمایش درون تنی بررسی شد. برای این منظور از چهار راس گوسفند بالغ دارای فیستولای شکمبه­ای در قالب طرح آزمایشی مربع لاتین چرخشی استفاده شد. آزمایشات طیف‌سنجی­ مادون قرمز و رزونانس مغناطیسی پروتون و بررسی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی ترکیب ساخته شده موید تشکیل ترکیب موردنظر بود. استفاده از ترکیب آهسته رهش در جیره باعث کاهش غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی و تغییرات pH، مقدار و نسبت اسیدهای چرب فرار تولید شده در شکمبه شد. مصرف خوراک و قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، ماده آلی، دیواره سلولی و دیواره سلولی بدون همی‌سلولز و همچنین تولید پروتئین میکروبی تحت تاثیر ترکیب آهسته رهش قرار نگرفت، ولی مصرف نیتروژن، قابلیت هضم ظاهری و دفع آن از طریق ادرار کاهش یافت (01/0P<). براساس نتایج این آزمایش، ترکیب مورد نظر قابلیت جایگزینی با اوره را دارد و استفاده از آن در جیره نشخوارکنندگان شرایط ایمن‌تری را از لحاظ به کارگیری نیتروژن اوره‌ای فراهم می کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Manufacturing of a slow-release non-protein nitrogen and evaluation of its use in ruminant nutrition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Talebian Masoudi 1
  • Mohammad Mahdi Moeini 2
  • Manoochehr souri 2
  • Hormoz Mansouri 3
  • Masume Abdoli 4

1 Ph.D. Student and Instructore, Agriculture and natural resourse research center of Markazi province, Arak, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal science, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

3 Assistant Professor(retired), Animal science research institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of chemistry, Faculty of science, Azad-e eslami University, Arak, Iran

چکیده [English]

The possibility of manufacturing and effects of a slow release non-protein nitrogen product on ruminant nutrition were evaluated in two separate experiments. In first experiment, making of slow release component was followed by connecting branched carbon chain to the molecule of urea to reduce the degree of solubility. Then, the sample product was analyzed to assess its chemical structure, and also physical and chemical properties. In second experiment, in an in-vivo study, rumen fermentation characteristics, digestibility of feed, microbial protein production and nitrogen balance of produced compound were evaluated and compared with conventional use of urea and also a diet without non-protein nitrogen source. For this, four rumen fistulated adult sheep were used in change over Latin square experimental design. Infrared and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and physical and chemical properties were considered as indicators of the formation of the desired compound. Our data showed that using the slow release product in the diet reduced the nitrogen concentration and altered the amount and ratio of volatile fatty acids as well as pH values in the rumen. Feed intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and ADF as well as microbial protein production were not affected by the use of slow released product but there were significant differences between diets in relation to the nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen balance (P<0.01). It could be concluded that the slow release product of non-protein nitrogen has the potential to provide urea efficiently and its use in ruminant diets provides safer conditions as compared to the traditional use of urea nitrogen.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • urea
  • Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Infrared spectroscopy
  • digestibility
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