تولیدات دامی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

اخبار و اعلانات

اثر سن و قسمت های مختلف بدن بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی چرم شترمرغ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی پژوهشی، بخش فرآوری تولیدات دامی، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم دامی و پژوهشکده زیست فناوی کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیائی پوست در سه بخش ناحیه اصلی، گردن و پا در گروه‌های سنی مختلف بود. برای بررسی ویژگی‌های چرم شترمرغ برحسب سن و قسمت­های بدن، تعداد هجده قطعه پوست با توجه به سه گروه سنی شش‌ماهه، شش ماه تا یک‌سال و یک تا 5/1 سال برای تعیین مساحت چرم تهیه شد. مساحت چرم برای شترمرغ‌های شش‌ماهه، شش ماه تا یک‌ساله و یک تا 5/1 ساله به‌ترتیب 4/1±4/7، 4/1±5/13 و 1/1±2/18 فوت‌مربع بود. قسمت اصلی، گردن و پا بطور متوسط 5/81، 1/10 و 4/8 درصد اندازه پوست را شامل می‌شد. متوسط افزایش سطح پوست در حد 9/0 فوت‌مربع در هر ماه بود. میانگین و دامنه ضخامت چرم 1/0±5/1 (6/0 تا 0/3) میلی‌متر، نیروی بارپارگی 3/3±2/22 (9/4 تا 2/49) کیلوگرم‌نیرو، مقاومت در برابر گسیختگی 1/17±3/146 (5/70 تا 7/269) کیلوگرم‌نیرو/سانتی‌مترمربع، کشش‌پذیری 9/4±7/58 (5/21 تا 3/93) درصد و وزن مخصوص ظاهری 05/0±6/0 (4/0 تا 9/0) گرم/سانتی‌متر‌مربع بود. افزایش ضخامت پوست متناسب با افزایش سن حیوان بود. اثرات مشابهی در میزان مقاومت چرم مشاهده شد (01/0P<). مقاومت چرم قسمت­های اصلی، گردن و پا به­ترتیب 3/26±0/129، 2/33±4/123 و 7/41±7/131 کیلوگرم‌نیرو/سانتی‌مترمربع بود و در این مورد با یکدیگر تفاوت داشتند (05/0P<). درصد چربی، مواد محلول در آب، مواد آلی محلول در آب، خاکسترسولفاته نامحلول در آب، مواد معدنی، ازت، پروتئین و مقدار pH به‌ترتیب 4/1±1/16، 5/0±5/1، 2/0±8/0، 3/0±8/0، 1/0±5/0، 3/0±6/9، 9/1±8/59 و 1/0±6/3 درصد بود. مواد محلول، مواد آلی محلول، خاکسترسولفاته نامحلول در آب و مواد معدنی چرم ناحیه پا، بیش از سایر قسمت­ها بود (05/0P<). چربی موجود در چرم شترمرغ‌های شش‌ماهه و ناحیه اصلی بالاتر از سایر سنین و قسمت­های دیگر بود (05/0P<). همین‌طور میزان ازت و پروتئین چرم شترمرغ‌های بالاتر از یک‌سال بیش از شترمرغ‌های جوان‌تر (05/0P<) به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Age and Different Parts of the Body on Physicochemical Characters of Ostrich Leather

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahnaz Salehi 1
  • Ali Maghsoudi 2

1 Member of scientific board, Animal Product Processing Department, Animal Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science and Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

چکیده [English]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the physicochemical performances at three sites on skin, namely the diagonal, neck and leg based on different age groups. Eighteen skins pieces in 6 m, 6 m to 1 yr and 1 yr to 1.5 yr of age were selected to represent means of the respective age groups with regard to skin area. The skin area were7.4±1.41, 13.5±1.4 and 18.2±1.1 ft2 for the ostriches, respectively. The diagonal region, neck and leg parts were approximately 81.5, 10.1 and 8.4 percent of the skin area. The areas increased with an increased chronological age at all sites. Average skin area increased at a rate of 0.9 ft2 per each months of age. Average and range of thickness of the leather were 1.5±0.1 (0.6 to 3.0) mm, breaking load 22.2±3.3 (4.9 to 49.2) kgf, tensile strength 146.3±17.1 (70.5 to 269.7) kgf/cm2, percentage extension 58.7±4.9 (21.5 to 93.3) % and density were 0.6±0.05 (0.4 to 0.9) g/cm2. It was evident that leather thickness increased with age. A similar tendency was observed for tensile strength (P<0.01). Tensile strength from diagonal, neck and leg parts of the body were 129.0±26.3, 123.4±33.2 and 131.7±41.7 kgf/cm2 respectively which was statistically different (P<0.05). The overall means of ostrich leather for fat, water soluble material, organic soluble materials, non-soluble sulphate ash, minerals, nitrogen, protein and pH were 16.1±1.4, 1.5±0.6, 0.8±0.2, 0.8±0.3, 0.5±0.1, 9.6±0.3, 59.8±1.9 and 3.6±0.1 % resectivelly. The leather from legs had more water soluble material, organic soluble materials, non-soluble sulphate ash and minerals (P<0.05) compared to other regions of body. The amounts of fat in leather of ostrich with 6 month of age in diagonal region, was higher than older ostrich and the other regions of body (P<0.05). Nitrogen and protein was higher in >12 months of age (P<0.05) than the younger ostrich. It does, however, exert an important influence on the quality traits that were considered, and needs to be considered in the marketing of ostrich leather.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Area
  • Ash
  • Extesion
  • Minerals
  • nitrogen
  • Strength
  • Thickness
مراجع
1 . Abdelsalam MM and Haider AI (1993) Physical and histological properties of sheep and goat skins.Alexandria journal of agricultural research 38(3): 117-138.
2 . Adel R. and Elboushi Y (1994) Hide and tanning by products. In: R Adel (Ed.), Poultry feed from waste (chapter 5) 2-6 Bandray row. London. UK: chapman & Hall. pp: 135-145.
3 . Afsar A, Gülümser G, Özgünay H and Akyüz F (2002) A study on processing of ostrich leathers and determination of their properties. Ege Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi 39(3): 136-143.
4 . Angel R, Trevino L, Mantzel T, Baltmanis B, Blue-McLendon A and Pollock KD (1997) Effect of ostrich age on hide quality. American Ostrich, pp: 25-26.
5 . Animal Affair Assistant (1999) Design of ordering of ostrich production centers. Report of poultry office of Animal Affair Assistant. Jihad-e-Keshavarzi Ministry.
6 . Anonymous (2009) Ostrich leather grading. Scot South Ostrich Tanning. South Africa.
7 . Anonymous (2011) A profile of the South African ostrich market value chain. Department of agriculture, forestry and fisheries directorate marketing. Arcadia. South Africa. pp: 4-24.
8 . Benson F (2002) Influences of ostrich skin quality; age or nutrition? Blue mountain international. Daryl Holle, Blue Mountain Feeds, Inc. pp: 2-4.
9 . Bilgili SF (2001) Poultry meat inspection and grading. In AR Sams (Ed.), Poultry meat processing. CRC Press. pp: 47-72.

10 . Bitlisli BO, Basaran B, Sari O, Aslan A and Zengin G (2003) Research on some technological parameters of ostrich skins and leathers. Ege Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi. 40(3): 137-144.

11 . Cloete SWP, Van Schalkwyk SJ, Hoffman LC and Meyer A (2004 a) Effect of age on leather and skin traits of slaughter ostriches. South African Journal of Animal Science 34(2): 80-86.
12 . Cloete SWP, Van Schalkwyk SJ, Hoffman LC and Meyer A (2004 b) The effects of dietary energy and protein concentrations on ostrich skin quality. South African Journal of Animal Science 36(1): 40-44.
13 . Davies SJJF (2003) Birds I tinamous and ratites to hoatzins". In Hutchins, Michael. Grzimek's animal life encyclopedia (2 ed.) Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp: 99–101.
14 . Davies SJJF and Bertram BCR (2003) Ostrich. In perrins, christopher. Firefly encyclopedia of birds. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, Ltd. pp: 34–37.
15 . Deeming DC (1999) Introduction. In DC Deeming (Ed.), The Ostrich: biology, production and health. CABI Publishing. pp: 1-11.
16 . Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), 1391. (2006) Leather- Physical and mechanical Tests. Determining of tensile strength and percentage of long becoming. Iran.
17 . Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), 78. (2002) Leather- Leather cloths and gloves. Charactristics and testing methods. Iran.
18 . Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), 8803. (1998) Leather- Physical and mechanical Tests. Sampling for chemical tests. Standard. 8803. Iran.
19 . Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), 878. (2006) Leather- Physical and mechanical Tests. Sampling and Providing. Iran.
20 . Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), 879. (2006) Leather- Physical and mechanical Tests. Thickness determination. Iran.
21 . Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), 880. (2007) Leather- Physical and mechanical Tests. Determining apparent density. Iran.
22 . International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 11398. (2009) Raw ostrich skins- Description of defects, preservation and grading. Geneva. Switzerland.
23 . International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 4045. (2008) Leather- Chemical tests- Determination of pH. Geneva. Switzerland.
24 . International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 4047. (1977) Leather- Determination of sulphated total ash and sulphated waterinsoluble ash. Geneva. Switzerland.
25 . International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 4048. (2008) Leather- Chemical tests- Determination of matter soluble in dichloromethane and free fatty acid content. Geneva. Switzerland.
26 . International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 4098. (2006) Leather- Chemical tests- Determination of water-soluble matter, water-soluble inorganic matter and water-soluble organic matter. Geneva. Switzerland.
27 . National ostrich processors of South Africa (NOPSA) (2004) Grading standard. www.nopsa.com.
28 . Passman A and Sumner RMW (1987) Effects of breed and age at slaughter on leather produced from export lambs reared on hill country. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agricultural 15: 309-316.
29 . SAS/STAT. (2002) Proprietary Software Version 9.00. Licensed to Suny at Stony Brook, Site 0013402001. SAS Institute Inc.Cary.NC.USA.
30 . Sivasubramanian S, Murali B, Manohar A, Rajaram A and Puvanakrishnan R (2008) Ecofriendly lime and sulfide free enzymatic dehairing of skins and hides using a bacterial alkaline protease. Chemosphere 70(6): 1015-1024.
تولیدات دامی
دوره 18، شماره 3
پاییز 1395
صفحه 625-633
فایل ها
اشتراک گذاری
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار