اثر سن و قسمت های مختلف بدن بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی چرم شترمرغ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی پژوهشی، بخش فرآوری تولیدات دامی، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم دامی و پژوهشکده زیست فناوی کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیائی پوست در سه بخش ناحیه اصلی، گردن و پا در گروه‌های سنی مختلف بود. برای بررسی ویژگی‌های چرم شترمرغ برحسب سن و قسمت­های بدن، تعداد هجده قطعه پوست با توجه به سه گروه سنی شش‌ماهه، شش ماه تا یک‌سال و یک تا 5/1 سال برای تعیین مساحت چرم تهیه شد. مساحت چرم برای شترمرغ‌های شش‌ماهه، شش ماه تا یک‌ساله و یک تا 5/1 ساله به‌ترتیب 4/1±4/7، 4/1±5/13 و 1/1±2/18 فوت‌مربع بود. قسمت اصلی، گردن و پا بطور متوسط 5/81، 1/10 و 4/8 درصد اندازه پوست را شامل می‌شد. متوسط افزایش سطح پوست در حد 9/0 فوت‌مربع در هر ماه بود. میانگین و دامنه ضخامت چرم 1/0±5/1 (6/0 تا 0/3) میلی‌متر، نیروی بارپارگی 3/3±2/22 (9/4 تا 2/49) کیلوگرم‌نیرو، مقاومت در برابر گسیختگی 1/17±3/146 (5/70 تا 7/269) کیلوگرم‌نیرو/سانتی‌مترمربع، کشش‌پذیری 9/4±7/58 (5/21 تا 3/93) درصد و وزن مخصوص ظاهری 05/0±6/0 (4/0 تا 9/0) گرم/سانتی‌متر‌مربع بود. افزایش ضخامت پوست متناسب با افزایش سن حیوان بود. اثرات مشابهی در میزان مقاومت چرم مشاهده شد (01/0P<). مقاومت چرم قسمت­های اصلی، گردن و پا به­ترتیب 3/26±0/129، 2/33±4/123 و 7/41±7/131 کیلوگرم‌نیرو/سانتی‌مترمربع بود و در این مورد با یکدیگر تفاوت داشتند (05/0P<). درصد چربی، مواد محلول در آب، مواد آلی محلول در آب، خاکسترسولفاته نامحلول در آب، مواد معدنی، ازت، پروتئین و مقدار pH به‌ترتیب 4/1±1/16، 5/0±5/1، 2/0±8/0، 3/0±8/0، 1/0±5/0، 3/0±6/9، 9/1±8/59 و 1/0±6/3 درصد بود. مواد محلول، مواد آلی محلول، خاکسترسولفاته نامحلول در آب و مواد معدنی چرم ناحیه پا، بیش از سایر قسمت­ها بود (05/0P<). چربی موجود در چرم شترمرغ‌های شش‌ماهه و ناحیه اصلی بالاتر از سایر سنین و قسمت­های دیگر بود (05/0P<). همین‌طور میزان ازت و پروتئین چرم شترمرغ‌های بالاتر از یک‌سال بیش از شترمرغ‌های جوان‌تر (05/0P<) به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Age and Different Parts of the Body on Physicochemical Characters of Ostrich Leather

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahnaz Salehi 1
  • Ali Maghsoudi 2
1 Member of scientific board, Animal Product Processing Department, Animal Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science and Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the physicochemical performances at three sites on skin, namely the diagonal, neck and leg based on different age groups. Eighteen skins pieces in 6 m, 6 m to 1 yr and 1 yr to 1.5 yr of age were selected to represent means of the respective age groups with regard to skin area. The skin area were7.4±1.41, 13.5±1.4 and 18.2±1.1 ft2 for the ostriches, respectively. The diagonal region, neck and leg parts were approximately 81.5, 10.1 and 8.4 percent of the skin area. The areas increased with an increased chronological age at all sites. Average skin area increased at a rate of 0.9 ft2 per each months of age. Average and range of thickness of the leather were 1.5±0.1 (0.6 to 3.0) mm, breaking load 22.2±3.3 (4.9 to 49.2) kgf, tensile strength 146.3±17.1 (70.5 to 269.7) kgf/cm2, percentage extension 58.7±4.9 (21.5 to 93.3) % and density were 0.6±0.05 (0.4 to 0.9) g/cm2. It was evident that leather thickness increased with age. A similar tendency was observed for tensile strength (P<0.01). Tensile strength from diagonal, neck and leg parts of the body were 129.0±26.3, 123.4±33.2 and 131.7±41.7 kgf/cm2 respectively which was statistically different (P<0.05). The overall means of ostrich leather for fat, water soluble material, organic soluble materials, non-soluble sulphate ash, minerals, nitrogen, protein and pH were 16.1±1.4, 1.5±0.6, 0.8±0.2, 0.8±0.3, 0.5±0.1, 9.6±0.3, 59.8±1.9 and 3.6±0.1 % resectivelly. The leather from legs had more water soluble material, organic soluble materials, non-soluble sulphate ash and minerals (P<0.05) compared to other regions of body. The amounts of fat in leather of ostrich with 6 month of age in diagonal region, was higher than older ostrich and the other regions of body (P<0.05). Nitrogen and protein was higher in >12 months of age (P<0.05) than the younger ostrich. It does, however, exert an important influence on the quality traits that were considered, and needs to be considered in the marketing of ostrich leather.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Area
  • Ash
  • Extesion
  • Minerals
  • nitrogen
  • Strength
  • Thickness

مراجع

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تولیدات دامی
دوره 18، شماره 3
پاییز 1395
صفحه 625-633

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