نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 نویسنده مسئول، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران. رایانامه: rahmatnejad@pgu.ac.ir
2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران. رایانامه: h.habibi@pgu.ac.ir
3 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. رایانامه: h.shirzadi@ilam.ac.ir
4 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران. رایانامه: kohanmoo@pgu.ac.ir
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of Pahak (green Khalal-stage date) on growth performance, blood biochemistry, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology, and gastrointestinal microbial population in Japanese quail.
Methods: A completely randomized design was used with four dietary treatments and six replicates per treatment (15 birds per replicate) for a 35-day experimental period: (1) control (basal diet without Pahak); (2) 5% dietary Pahak; (3) 10% dietary Pahak; and (4) 15% dietary Pahak.
Results: Body weight was not significantly alteredby the dietary inclusion of Pahak at any inclusion level. The inclusion of 5% Pahak reduced feed intake and improved feed conversion ratio and energy and protein efficiency ratios, whereas 15% Pahak increased feed intake (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of 10% and 15% Pahak decreased the total cholesterol levels, and all three levels of Pahak reduced the cardiac risk ratio and atherogenic index (P<0.05). Relative carcass and liver weights were reduced by 10% Pahak and increased with 15% Pahak (P<0.05). with the lowest liver weights occurring in birds fed the control diet and 5% Pahak, while the highest liver weight occurred with the 15% inclusion level (P<0.05). Villus height increased and submucosal thickness decreased in the duodenum due to feeding 5% Pahak (P<0.05), while the greatest submucosal thickness was observed in birds fed 15% Pahak (P<0.05). In the ileum,10% and 15% Pahak inclusion reduced villus height, villus thickness, and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (P<0.05), while 15% Pahak increased both the submucosal and muscular layer thicknesses (P<0.05). Feeding 5% and 10% Pahak moderately decreased the average number of goblet cells in the ileum, whereas 15% Pahak markedly reduced goblet cell counts (P<0.05). Treatments were significantly different for ileal villus surface area, with the largest and smallest areas found in birds fed 5% and 15% Pahak, respectively (P<0.05); and crypt depth, which was unaffected by Pahak but had a quadratic response to level of Pahak (P<0.05). Compared with the control, 10% and 15% Pahak increased colonization of Salmonella-Shigella, Clostridia, and coliform colonization in the ileum (P<0.05). Compared with the control, 5% Pahak decreased and 15% increased the total aerobic bacterial colonization in the cecum (P<0.05), whereas, the colonization of Salmonella-Shigella and coliforms increased (P<0.05) in the cecum of birds fed the 15% Pahak diet increased compared to the other treatments (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Tthe results indicate that Pahak can be safely used at a dietary inclusion rate of 5% for Japanese quail during the first 35 days of the rearing period with no detrimental effects on productive performance.
کلیدواژه‌ها English
