نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات تغذیه و فیزیولوژی دام و طیور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. رایانامه: hosseini1355@areeo.ac.ir

2 نویسنده مسئول، بخش تحقیقات تغذیه و فیزیولوژی دام و طیور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. رایانامه: ah.alizadeh@areeo.ac.ir

3 بخش تحقیقات تغذیه و فیزیولوژی دام و طیور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. رایانامه: h.hajati@areeo.ac.ir

4 بخش تحقیقات تغذیه و فیزیولوژی دام و طیور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. رایانامه: moftakharzadeh@ut.ac.ir

5 بخش تحقیقات تغذیه و فیزیولوژی دام و طیور، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. رایانامه: m.behrouzlak@urmia.ac.ir

6 گروه تحقیق و توسعه شرکت دام و طیور کوروش، تهران، ایران. رایانامه: farhad1352.f@gmail.com

7 گروه تحقیق و توسعه شرکت دام و طیور کوروش، تهران، ایران. رایانامه: mojibimehdi@gmail.com

10.22059/jap.2026.399670.623864

چکیده

هدف: این آزمایش به­منظور بررسی اثرات افزودن پلکانی کنجاله آفتابگردان بدون پوسته بر صفات عملکردی، خصوصیات لاشه و ویژگی­های ریخت­شناختی روده جوجه­های گوشتی انجام شد.
روش پژوهش: در این آزمایش از 1500 قطعه جوجه یک­روزه سویه راس 308 (مخلوط دو جنس با نسبت مساوی) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 10 تیمار، پنج تکرار و 30  قطعه پرنده در هر تکرار استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل موارد ذیل بود 1- گروه دریافت­کننده جیره برپایه ذرت و کنجاله سویا و فاقد کنجاله آفتابگردان در کل دوره پرورش (شاهد)، (دو تا 10) سطوح افزایشی کنجاله آفتابگردان بدون پوسته را به­ترتیب در دوره­های آغازین، رشد و پایانی به­شرح ذیل دریافت کردند؛ 2- سه، شش و نه درصد؛ 3- سه، شش و 12 درصد؛ 4- سه، شش و 15 درصد؛ 5- سه، نه و نه درصد؛ 6- سه، نه و 12 درصد؛ 7- سه، نه و 15 درصد؛ 8- سه، 12 و 12 درصد؛ 9- سه، 12 و 15 درصد و 10- سه، 12 و 18 درصد. در سنین ۱۰، ۲۴ و ۴۲ روزگی، صفات عملکردی شامل وزن زنده و خوراک مصرفی اندازه­گیری شد. تلفات به­صورت روزانه رکوردبرداری و ضریب تبدیل خوراک، درصد ماندگاری و شاخص تولید محاسبه شد. در پایان دوره پرورش هزینه خوراک مصرفی به‌ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن زنده برای هر گروه آزمایشی محاسبه شد. در سن 42 روزگی، سه قطعه پرنده از هر واحد آزمایشی، کشتار و لاشه شکم خالی، سینه، ران­ها، پشت و گردن، چربی حفره بطنی و اندام­ها شامل سنگدان، پیش‌معده، بورس فابریسیوس، کیسه صفرا، کبد، طحال و قلب توزین و وزن نسبی نسبت به وزن زنده محاسبه شد. هم‌چنین، نمونه‌هایی‌ با برش­های سه­سانتی­متری از بخش میانی بافت ژژنوم پرندگان کشتارشده جداسازی و طول پرز، ضخامت پرز، عمق کریپت، نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت، تعداد سلول­های گابلت و ضخامت لایه اپی­تلیوم و میانگین مساحت سطح پرز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که در کل دوره پرورش افزودن پلکانی کنجاله آفتابگردان بدون پوسته به جیره اثر معنی­داری بر وزن بدن، خوراک مصرفی، ضریب تبدیل خوراک، شاخص تولید، خصوصیات لاشه و ریخت‌شناسی روده جوجه­های گوشتی نداشت. هزینه خوراک مصرفی به‌ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن زنده تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفت، به­طوری­که این شاخص در گروه­های آزمایشی سه (سه، شش و 12 درصد) و هفت (سه، نه و 15 درصد) کم‎تر از بقیه تیمارها بوده و با گروه یک (شاهد) و نیز سایر تیمارهای آزمایشی به­جز تیمار چهار (سه، شش و 15 درصد) و نه (سه، 12 و 15 درصد) اختلاف داشت (05/0>P).
نتیجه­گیری: با توجه به عدم مشاهده اثرات منفی بر عملکرد و کاهش هزینه خوراک به‌ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن زنده در مقایسه با کنجاله سویا (حدود 445 تومان)، استفاده از کنجاله آفتابگردان بدون پوسته با سطوح سه، شش و ۱۲ درصد و سه، نه و ۱۵ درصد به‌ترتیب در دوره‌های آغازین، رشد و پایانی از نظر اقتصادی قابل­توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of stepwise addition of dehulled sunflower meal in the diet on performance, carcass characteristics, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Abdullah Hosseini 1
  • Amir Hossein Alizadeh-Ghamsari 2
  • Hosna Hahati 3
  • Seyed Adel Moftakharzadeh 4
  • Mohammad Ali Behroozilak 5
  • Farhad Foroudi 6
  • Mehdi Mojibi Meikolaei 7

1 Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition and Physiology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. E-mail: hosseini1355@areeo.ac.ir

2 Corresponding Author, Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition and Physiology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. E-mail: ah.alizadeh@areeo.ac.ir

3 Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition and Physiology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. E-mail: h.hajati@areeo.ac.ir

4 Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition and Physiology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. E-mail: moftakharzadeh@ut.ac.ir

5 Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition and Physiology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. E-mail: m.behrouzlak@urmia.ac.ir

6 Research and Development Group of Kourosh Livestock and Poultry Company, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: farhad1352.f@gmail.com

7 Research and Development Group of Kourosh Livestock and Poultry Company, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: mojibimehdi@gmail.com

چکیده [English]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of stepwise inclusion of dehulled sunflower meal in the diets of broiler chickens on performance traits, carcass characteristics, and intestinal morphology.
Methods: A total of 1,500 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed-sex, equal ratio) were assigned to  a completely randomized design with ten treatments, five replicates, and 30 birds per replicate. The treatments were as follows: (1) a corn–soybean meal–based diet without sunflower meal throughout the rearing period (control group), and (2-10) groups that received increasing levels of dehulled sunflower meal in the starter, grower, and finisher phases, respectively, as follows: (2) 3, 6, and 9%; (3) 3, 6, and 12%; (4) 3, 6, and 15%; (5) 3, 9, and 9%; (6) 3, 9, and 12%; (7) 3, 9, and 15%; (8) 3, 12, and 12%; (9) 3, 12, and 15%; and (10) 3, 12, and 18%. Live body weight and feed intake were measured on days 10, 24, and 42. Mortality was recorded daily, and feed conversion ratio (FCR), livability percentage, and production index were calculated. At the end of the trial, feed cost per kilogram of live body weight was calculated for each experimental group. At 42 days of age, three birds from each experimental unit were slaughtered, and the empty carcass, breast, thighs, back and neck, abdominal fat, and organs (gizzard, proventriculus, bursa of Fabricius, gallbladder, liver, spleen, and heart) were weighed, and their relative weights to live body weight were calculated. In addition, three-centimeter tissue samples were taken from the middle section of the jejunum of the slaughtered birds, and villus height, villus thickness, crypt depth, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, number of goblet cells, epithelial layer thickness, and mean villus surface area were evaluated.
Results: The results showed that the stepwise inclusion of dehulled sunflower meal in the diet throughout the rearing period had no significant effect on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, production index, carcass characteristics, or intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Experimental treatments significantly affected the feed cost per kilogram of live body weight, which was lower in treatment groups 3 (3, 6, and 12%) and 7 (3, 9, and 15%) compared to the other treatments (P<0.05), with a difference from group 1 (control) and all other experimental treatments except treatments 4 (3, 6, and 15%) and 9 (3, 12, and 15%).
Conclusion: The results showed that dietary inclusion of dehulled sunflower meal at 3%, 6%, and 12%, and at 3%, 9%, and 15% in the starter, grower, and finisher phases, respectively, did not have negative effects on performance, and due to the low feed cost per kilogram of live weight (about 445 Tomans), the inclusion is economically recommended..

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broiler chicken
  • Dehulled sunflower meal
  • Feed cost
  • Intestinal morphology
  • Performance traits
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