نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار موسسه آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات ، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران ، تهران تخصص: تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان/ تغذیه اسب
2 دانش آموخته مقطع کارشناسی ارشد مرکز آموزش علمی کاربردی شهید زمانپور ، ایران، تهران
3 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، ایران ، کرج
چکیده
تأثیر ترکیب عصاره آبی گیاه آویشن و برگ اکالیپتوس بر عملکرد و سلامت گوساله‌های شیرخوار نژاد هلشتاین، با استفاده از 32 رأس گوساله (16رأس ماده و 16 رأس نر) با سن3 ± 7 روز و میانگین وزن 3± 40/4 کیلوگرم در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار جیره آزمایشی و هشت تکرار به‌مدت 70 روز بررسی شد. جیره‌های آزمایشی شامل شاهد (بدون افزودنی)؛ و تیمارهای 10، 15 و 20 میلی‌لیتر عصاره در شیر مصرفی (50 درصد آویشن+50 درصد اکالیپتوس) بودند. به‌منظور سنجش تغییرات وزن بدن، اندازه دور سینه و قد، گوساله‌ها در روزهای هفت ، 28، 49، 70 ساعت 10 صبح وزن‌کشی و ابعاد بدن آنها اندازه گیری و ثبت شد. جهت تعیین فراسنجه‌های خونی در روز هفتاد نمونه‌های خون از ورید گردنی اخذ شد. گوساله‌های دریافت کننده جیره‌های حاوی 15 و 20 میلی لیتر عصاره نسبت به گروه شاهد میانگین افزایش وزن بالاتر و ابعاد بدنی بزرگ‌تری داشتند(0/05>P). افزودن عصاره‌های آویشن و اکالیپتوس به جیره اثری بر قابلیت هضم و میزان خوراک مصرفی نداشت ولی بازده مصرف خوراک در گوساله‌های دریافت کننده جیره حاوی 20 میلی‌گرم عصاره بهبود یافت (0/05>P). شاخص مدفوع و ترشح چشم در گوساله‌های دریافت کننده جیره‌های حاوی 15 و 20 میلی‌لیتر عصاره نسبت به گروه شاهد بهبود یافت (0/05>P). همچنین افزودن 20 میلی‌لیتر عصاره باعث کاهش میزان گلوکز و افزایش تعداد گلبول‌های قرمز و هماتوکریت در خون گوساله‌های دریافت کننده نسبت گروه‌های آزمایشی دیگر شد (0/05>P). بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، افزودن 20 میلی‌لیتر عصاره برگ اکالیپتوس وآویشن به شیر مصرفی روزانه می‌تواند باعث بهبود عملکرد و سلامت گوساله‌های شیرخوار شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of mixed thyme and eucalyptus leaves aqueous extract on the performance and health of Holstein suckling calves
نویسندگان [English]
- hossein manafi rasi 1
- Ali Bayat 2
- hormoz mansouri 3
1 Assistant Professor,Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Iran, Tehran
2 M.Sc. Holder in Animal Science, Shahid Zamanpour Applied Science Education Center, Iran, Tehran
3 Assistant Professor, Institute of Animal Science Research, Iran, Karaj
چکیده [English]
To determine the effect of mixed thyme and eucalyptus leaves aqueous’ extract on the performance and health of Holstein suckling calves, an experiment using 32 calves (16 females and 16 males) with 7±3 days old and an average weight of 40.4±3 kg was carried out in a completely randomized design with four treatments and 8 replicate for 70 days. The treatments were: diets with no extract (control); and diets containing10, 15, and 20 ml of extract (50 % thyme + 50% eucalyptus) in consumed milk. In order to evaluate changes in body weight, chest circumference and height, the data were measured and recorded on days 7, 28, 49, and 70 at 10 a.m. To determine the blood parameters, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein on the 70th days. It turned out that the extract can result in a higher mean body weight gain and larger body size (P <0.05). Moreover, thyme and eucalyptus extracts appeared not to have any effect on digestibility and feed intake, but feed efficiency improved with 20 ml (P <0.05). Fecal and eye secretion index in calves receiving diets containing 15 and 20 ml of extract improved compared to the control group (P <0.05). Also, adding 20 ml of the extract reduced the amount of glucose and increased the number of red blood cells and hematocrit in the blood of the receiving calves compared to other experimental groups. The findings indicated that adding 20 ml eucalyptus and thyme extracts in daily milk, can improve the performance and health of Holstein suckling calves
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- aqueous extract
- growth
- health
- herbal plants
- suckling calf
M (2018) Performance, rumen fermentation and
blood metabolites of dairy calves fed starter
mixtures supplemented with herbal plants,
essential oils or monensin. Journal of Animal
Physiology Animal Nutrition: 1-9
2. Benchaar C, Calsamiglia S, Chaves AV, Fraser
GR, Colom-batto D, McAllister TA and
Beauchemin KA (2008) A review of plantderived
EO in ruminant nutrition and production.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 145: 209-
228.
3. Calsamiglia S, Busquet M, Cardozo P, Castillejos
L and Ferret A (2007) Essential oils as modifiers
of rumen microbial fermentation: a review.
Journal Dairy Science, 90: 2580-2595.
4. Church DC and Pond WG (1982) Basic animal
nutrition and feeding. New york: John Wiley
and sons.
5. Ebrahimi M, Dehghan-Banadaki M,
Ganjkhanlou M and Khalilvandi-Behroozyar H
(2017) Effects of adding Thyme and Peppermint
essential oils in calf starter diet on performance of
Holstein calves. Animal Production Research,
6(3): 53-62.
6. El-Bordeny NE (2011) Performance of calves
fed ration containing eucalyptus globules
leaves. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and
Feeds, 14 (1): 13-22.
7. El-Bordeny NE, El-Ashry MA Khattab HM
and El-Sayed HM (2005) Effect of some
medicinal herbs on buffalo calves performance
from first week old till weaning. Egyptian
Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 8(1): 155-166.
8. Evans JD and Martin SA.(2000). Effects of
Thymol on ruminal microorganisms. Current
Microbiology, 41: 336-340.
and Ebrahimi P (2016) The Effects of Various
Species of Thymus Essence on Gas Production
Parameters, Dry Matter and Organic Matter
Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation
Parameters in In Vitro. Research on Animal
Production, 7(14): 117-109. (In Persian)
10. Franz C, Baser KHC and Windisch W (2010)
Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal
feeding–a European perspective. A review.
Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 25: 327-340.
11. Friedman M, Buick R And Elliott Ct (2004)
Antibacterial activities of naturally occurring
compounds against antibiotic-resistant Bacillus
cereus vegetative cells and spores, Escherichia
coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Journal Food
Protection, 67(8): 1774-1778.
12. Froehlich KA.(2016). Evaluation of Essential
Oils (Stay Strong) for Dairy Calves. Theses and
Dissertations. South Dakota State University.
13. Froehlich KA, Abdelsalam KW, Chase C,
Koppien-Fox J and Casper DP (2017)
Evaluation of essential oils and prebiotics for
newborn dairy calves. Journal of Animal
Science, 95: 3772-3782.
14. Hill TM, Aldrich JM, Schlotterbeck RL and
Bateman II HG (2007) Apex plant botanicals for
neonatal calf milk replacers and starters. The
Professional Animal Scientist, 23: 521-526.
15. Jahani-Azizabadi H, Danesh Mesgaran M, Vakili
AR, Rezayazdi K and Hashemi M (2011) Effect
of various medicinal plant essential oils obtained
from semi-arid climate on rumen fermentation
characteristics of a high forage diet using in vitro
batch culture. African Journal of Microbiology
Research, 5: 4812-4819.
16. Jeshari M, Riasi A, Mahdavi AH, Khorvash M
and Ahmadi F (2016) Effect of essential oils
and distillation residues blends on growth
performance and blood metabolites of Holstein
calves weaned gradually or abruptly. Livestock
Science, 185: 117-122.
17. Michiels J, Missotten JAM, Fremaut D, De
Smet S and Dierick NA (2009) In vitro
characterisation of the antimicrobial activity of
selected essential oil components and binary
combinations against the pig gut flora. Animal
Feed Science Technology, 151: 111-127.
18. Mohammadizad T, Fatahnia F, Azarfar A,
Khatibjoo A andTaasoli G (2015) Effect of
Zataria multiflora essential oils on in vitro gas
production and rumen fermentation in diets
containing different starch sources and fat
types. Journal of Ruminant Research, 3(3): 37-
58. (In Persian)
Effect of essential oils of eucalyptus
(Eucalyptus globulus labill) and angelica
(Heracleum ersicum desf. ex fischer) on in
vitro ruminal fermentation, protozoal
population and methane emission using afshari
sheep inoculum. Journal of Agriculture
Science and Technology, 19: 553-567.
20. NRC (2001) Nutrient Requirements of Dairy
Cattle. 7th rev. ed. National Academy Science,
Washington, DC.
21. Santos FHR, De Paula MR, Lezier D, Silva JT,
Santos G and Bittar CMM (2015) Essential
oils for dairy calves: effects on performance,
scours, rumen fermentation and intestinal
fauna. The Animal Consortium, 9(6): 958-965.
22. Seirafy H and sobhanirad S (2017) Effects of
oregano (Origanum vulgare) and thyme
(Thymus vulgaris) oils on growth performance
and blood parameters in Holstein suckling
calves. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal
Science, 7(4): 585-593.
23. Soltan MA (2009) Effect of Essential Oils
Supplementation on Growth Performance,
Nutrient Digestibility, Health Condition of
Holstein Male Calves During Pre- and Post-
Weaning Periods. Pakistan Journal of
Nutrition, 8: 642-652.
24. Torabi Sagvand B, Naderi M, Sadeghzadeh L
andSefidkon, F (2011) Chemical composition
and antimicrobial effects of essential oils of ten
Eucalyptus species against Micrococcus
Luteus and Escherichia Coli. Iranian Journal
of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 27: 440-
449. (In Persian)
25. Vakili AR, Khorrami B, Danesh Mesgaran M
and Parand E (2013) The effects of thyme and
cinnamon essential oils on performance, rumen
fermentation and blood metabolites in Holstein
calves consuming high concentrate diet. Asian
Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 26(7):
935-944.
26. Volpato A,. Crecencio RB, Tomasi T, Galli
GM, Griss LG, et al (2019) Phytogenic as feed
additive for suckling dairy calves has a
beneficial effect on animal health and
performance. Anais da Academia Brasileira de
Ciências, 91(4): 1-10.
27. Wang B, Jia M, Fang LY, Jiang LS and Li YL
(2018) Effects of eucalyptus oil and anise oil
supplementation on rumen fermentation
characteristics, methane emission, and
digestibility in sheep. Journal of Animal
Science, 96(8): 3460-3470.
)