نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 هیات علمی دانشگاه

2 گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

هدف از اجرای این آزمایش بررسی تأثیر مکمل­هایپروبیوتیکی و پری­بیوتیکی بر عملکرد گاوهای شیری هلشتاین بود. به همین منظور تعداد 40 راس گاو شیری نژاد هلشتاین با تولید شیر روزانه 8/0 ± 33 کیلوگرم و وزن اولیه 40 ± 700 کیلوگرم در چهار گروه در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی قرار گرفتند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) گروه شاهد (جیره پایه)، 2) گروه پروبیوتیک (جیره پایه + چهار گرم پروبیوتیک به ازای هر راس در روز)، 3) گروه پری بیوتیک (جیره پایه + 14گرم پری­بیوتیک به ازای هر راس در روز)، 4) گروه سین بیوتیک (جیره پایه + چهار گرم پروبیوتیک + 14 گرم پری­بیوتیک به ازای هر راس در روز) بودند. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد، میانگین مدت زمان جویدن، نشخوارکردن و خوردن بین جیره­های مختلف آزمایش اختلاف معنی­داری وجود داشت (05/0>P). بیشترین مدت زمان جویدن، نشخوار کردن و خوردن متعلق به گروهی بود که پروبیوتیک مصرف کرده بودند و با سایر گروه­ها اختلاف معنی­داری داشت (05/0>P). با مصرف پروبیوتیک مقدار تولید شیرخام روزانه، تولید شیر با 5/3 درصد چربی و تولید شیر با چهار درصد چربی افزایش پیدا کرد و اختلاف­معنی­داری (05/0P<) با گروه شاهد (جیره پایه بدون افزودنی) داشت. بازده غذایی در جیره­های مکمل­شده با توجه به افزایش تولید شیر خام افزایش یافت. شاخص­های سلامتی، قوام و سیالیت مدفوع در جیره­های مکمل شده بهبود یافت. بنابر این مصرف پروبیوتیک در تغذیه گاهای شیری عملکرد و شاخص­های سلامتی را بهبود میبخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Probiotic and Peribiotic supplements on production performance of dairy cows

نویسندگان [English]

  • masood didarkhah 1
  • hadi sarir 2

1 Assistant professor

2 , Department of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of probiotic and peribiotic supplements on performance of Holstein dairy cows. For this purpose, 40 Holstein dairy cows with daily milk production of 33 ± 0/8 kg and initial weight 700 ± 40 kg were divided into four groups in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments consisted: 1- control group (basic diet) 2- probiotic group (base diet + 4 gr probiotic per head per day) 3- prebiotic group (base diet + 14 gr perbiotypes per Ross per day) 4- Synbiotic group (base diet + 4 gr probiotic + 14 gr perbiotic per head per day). The results of this experiment showed that there was a significant difference between the average duration of chewing, rumination and eating among different diets (P <0.05). The most duration of chewing, rumination and eating belonged to the group that consumed probiotics and had a significant difference with other groups (P <0.05). Probiotics consumption increased the amount of daily milk production, milk production with 3.5% fat and milk production with 4% fat, and a significant difference (P <0.05) with the control group (basal diet without additive). Feed efficiency increased in supplementary rations and resulted in a better performance of probiotic diets. Health indicators, consistency and fluidity of stool in supplementary diets have also improved.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Consistency of stool
  • Dairy Cows
  • Milk production
  • Probiotic
  • Peribiotic
  • Synbiotic
1.     فیروزنیا ح (1393) تأثیر مخمر ساکارومایسز سرویسیه بر تولید، ترکیب شیر و فراسنجه­های خونی در گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین. پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه تبریز.
2.     نیکخواه ع، دهقان بنادکی م و زالی ا (1383) اثر مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویسیه روی تولید و ترکیبات شیر گاو هلشتاین. علوم کشاورزی ایران. 35(1): 60-53.
3.      Abe F, Ishibashi, N and Shimamura S (1995) Effect of administration of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria to newborn calves and piglets. Journal of Dairy Science. 78: 2838-2846.
4.      Agarwal N, Kamra DN, Chaudhary LC, Sahoo A and Pathak NN (2002) Microbial status and rumen enzyme profile of crossbred calves fed on different microbial feed additives. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 34: 329-36.
5.      Ballou MA (2011) CASE STUDY: Effects of a blend of prebiotics, probiotics, and hyperimmune dried egg protein on the performance, health, and innate immune responses of Holstein calves. The Professional Animal Scientist. 27: 262-268.
6.      Chiquette J (1995) Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae, used alone or in combination as a feed supplement for beef and dairy cattle. Can. Journal of Animal Science. 75: 405-415.
7.      Dvorak RA, Jacques KA and Newman K.E (1998) Mannanoligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide and Carbadox for pigs 0-21 dayspost-weaning. Journal of Animal Science. 76 (Suppl. 2): 64.
8.      Enjalbert F, Garrett JE, Moncoulon R, Bajourthe C and Chicoteau P (1999) Effects of yeast culture (saccharomyces cerevisiae) on ruminal digestion in non-lactating dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Tech. 183: 140-151.
9.      Erb O (1992) Prevention of diarrhoea in the calf with live yeast. Zur Durchfallprophylaxe mit lebender Hefe beim Kalb, pp: 109.
 10.   Fowler J, Kakani R, Haq A, Byrd Ja and Bailey Ca (2015) Growth promoting effects of prebiotic yeast cell wall products in starter broilers under an immune stress and clostridium perfringens challenge. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 24: 66-72.
11.   Frizzo LS, Zbruna MV, Sotoa LP and Signorinib ML (2011) Effects of probiotics on growth performance in young calves: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 169: 147-156.
12.   Fujiwara K, Yamazaki M, Abe H, Nakashima K, Yakabe Y, Otsuka M, Ohbayashi Y, Kato Y, Namai K, Toyoda A, Miyaguchi Y and Nakamura Y (2009) Effect of Bacillus subtilis var. natto fermented soybean on growth performance, microbial activity in the caeca and cytokine gene expression of domestic meat type chickens. The Journal of Poultry Science. 46: 116-122.
13.   Galvão KN, Santos JEP, Coscioni A, Villaseñor M, Sischo WM and Berge ACB (2005) Effect of feeding live yeast products to calves with failure of passive transfer on performance and patterns of antibiotic resistance in fecal Escherichia coli. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development. 45: 427-???.
14.   Gibson GR and Roberfroid MB (1995) Dietary modulation of the human colonicmicrobia: Introducing the concept of prebiotics. Journal of Nutrition. 125: 1401-1412.
15.   Heinrichs A, Jones C and Heinrichs B (2003) Effects of mannan oligosaccharide or antibiotics in neonatal diets on health and growth of dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 86(12): 4064-4082.
16.   Kaske M and Von Engelhrdt W (1990) The Effects of size and density on mean retention time of particles in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. British Journal Nutrition. 63: 457.
17.   Kogan G and Kocher A (2007) Role of yeast cell wall polysaccharides in pig nutrition and health protection. Livest Science. 109-165.
18.   Kong XF, Wu GY and Yin YL (2011) Roles of phytochemicals in amino acid nutrition. Front. BioScience. S3: 372-384.
19.   Kononoff PJ, Lehman HA and Heinrichs AJ (2002) Technical note-A comparison of methods used to measure eating and ruminating activity in confined dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 85: 1801-1803.
20.   Mertens DR (1997) Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science. 80: 1463-1481.
21.   Morrison SJ,Dawson S and Carson AF (2010) The effects of mannan oligosaccharide and Streptococcus faecium addition to milk replacer on calf health and performance. Livestock Science. 131: 292-296.
22.   Newman K (1994) Mannan-oligosaccharides: Natural polymers with significant impact on the gastrointestinal microflora and the immune system. Biotechnolofrv in the Feed Industry-Proceedings of Alltech's Tenth Annual Symposium TP Lyons and KA Jacques (Eds) Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK. 28(15) : p. 723-740.
23.   Nomoto K (2005) Prevention of infections by probiotics. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 100: 583-592.
24.   Novak KN, Davis E, Wehnes CA, Shields DR, Coalson JA, Smith AH and Rehberger TG (2012) Effect of supplementation with an electrolyte containing a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on immune development in dairy calves. Research in Veterinary Science. 92: 427-434.
25.   Pieper R, Janczyk P, Urubschurov V, Korn U, Pieper B and Souffrant WB (2009) Effect of a single oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum DSMZ 8862/8866 before and at the time point of weaning on intestinal microbial communities in piglets. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 130: 227-232.
26.   Piva G, Belladonna S, Fusconi G and Sicoaldi F (1993) Effects of yeast on dairy cow performance, ruminal fermentation, blood composition and milk manufacturing properties. Journal of Dairy Science. 76: 2717-2722.
27.   Rezaee M, Rezaeian M, Mirhadi SA and Moradi M (2008) Effects of yeast supplementation on rumenfermentation, microbial population and the performance of male fattening calves. Journal Veterinary Research. 62: 403-409.
28.   Riddell JB, Gallegos AJ, Harmon DL and Mcleod KR (2010) Addition of a Bacillus based probiotic to the diet of pre ruminant calves: influence on growth, health, and blood parameters. Intern. Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine. 8: 78-85.
29.   SAS, Institute (2003) SAS User‘s Guide. Version 9.1 ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. Satter, L. D. and L. L. Slyter. 1974. Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro.  British Journal of Nutrition. 32: 199-208.
30.   Shaver RD and garrett JE (1995) Lactating responses to dietary yeast culture on commercial dairies Journal of Animal Science. 73: 54 (Suppl.1).
31.   Swartz L, Muller LD, Rogers GW and Vorga GA (1994) Effect of yeast cultures on performance of lactating dairy cows: a field study. Journal of Dairy Science. 77: 3073-3080.
32.   Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB and Lewis BA (1991) methods of ditary fiber, neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science.74: 3583.
33.   Williams PEV, Tait CAG, Innes GM and Newbeld CJ (1991) Effects of the inclusion of yeast culture Sacharomyces cervisiac plus growth medium) in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and forage degradation and fermentation patterns in the rumen of steers.  Journal of Animal Science. 69: 3015-3026.
34.   Zhang R, Zhou M, Tu Y, Zhang NF, Close author notes Deng KD, Ma T, Close author notes Diao QY (2015). Effect of oral administration of probiotics on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and stress-related indicators in Holstein calves. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 100: 33-38.
35.   Zhang AW, Lee BD, Lee SK, Lee KW, An GH, Song KB and Lee CH (2005) Effects of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell componets on growth performance, meat quality, and lleal mucosa development of broiler chicks. Poultry Science. 84: 1015-1021.