نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم دامی- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد- ایران
2 گروه علوم دامی- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد- مشهد- ایران
3 گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
اثر استفاده از دانه خلر (Lathyrus sativus L) خام و یا اتوکلاو شده در جیره مرغهای تخمگذار، بر عملکرد و کیفیت تخم مرغ با استفاده از 336 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار لگهورن سویه "های لاین W-36" در سن 87 هفتگی در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هفت تیمار، شش تکرار و هشت قطعه پرنده بررسی شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل جیره بر پایه ذرت و کنجاله سویا (شاهد) و استفاده از سطوح هشت، 16 و 24 درصد خلر خام و یا اتوکلاو شده در جیره غذایی مرغهای تخمگذار بودند. آزمایش در مدت 12 هفته انجام شد. میزان مصرف خوراک، درصد تخمگذاری و گرم تخم مرغ تولیدی در مرغ های تغذیه شده با جیره های حاوی سطوح مختلف دانه خلر خام و یا اتوکلاو شده در مقایسه با پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیره شاهد به طور معنیداری کمتر و ضریب تبدیل خوراک به طور معنیداری بیشتر بود (0.05>P). با اتوکلاو کردن دانه خلر در پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیره‌های حاوی 16 و 24 درصد دانه خلر شاخصهای عملکردی و کیفیت پوسته تخم مرغ به طور معنیدار بهبود یافتند (0.05>P) . اگرچه اتوکلاو کردن دانه خلر باعث کاهش اثرات منفی استفاده از آن در جیره بر عملکرد تولیدی و کیفیت تخم مرغ شد، ولی نتوانست کاهش عملکرد ایجاد شده را به طور کامل جبران کند. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، استفاده از دانه خلر در جیره مرغهای تخمگذار توصیه نمیشود. اتوکلاو کردن به تنهایی نمی تواند عوامل ضدتغذیه‌ای موجود در دانه خلر را از بین ببرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of raw or autoclaved grass pea seeds in diet on performance and egg quality of laying hens
نویسندگان [English]
- Seyd Ahmad Sahaf 1
- Heydar Zarghi 2
- َAbolghasem Golian 3
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran,
2 Department of animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Animal Science Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of raw and/or autoclaved grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seed in diet on performance and egg quality of laying hens. Three hundred and thirty-six Leghorn laying hens strain W-36 at 87 week of age were assigned in a completely randomize designed (CRD) experiment with 7 treatments, 6 replicates and 8 birds each. The experimental treatments included; corn-soybean meal (control) diet, and 8, 16 and 24% dietary levels of either raw or autoclaved grass pea grain. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Feed consumption, egg production percentage and egg mass of hens fed diets containing different levels of raw and autoclaved grass pea grain were significantly lower and their feed conversion ratio was significantly higher than those fed control diet. The autoclaving of grass pea grain resulted in significant increase in performance and eggshell quality indices in birds fed diets containing 16 and 24% grass pea grain. Although autoclaving of grass pea grain reduced the negative effect of its replacement in the diet on performance and egg characteristics, however, it could not compensate the reduction in performance. According to the results of this experiment, the utilization of raw grass pea grain is not recommended in laying hen diets. Also, autoclaving process alone can’t destroy the anti-nutritional factors present in grass pea grain.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Autoclaving
- egg quality
- grass pea
- laying hens
- performance
- امیرآبادی ز، ریاسی ا، جان محمدی ح، فتحی م ح و فرهنگفر ه (1389) تاثیر سطوح مختلف دانه خلر خام و حرارت داده شده بر بازده رشد و برخی از متابولیتهای خون جوجههای گوشتی. مجله پژوهشهای علوم دامی.4(2): 66-53.
- Akalu G, Johansson G and Nair BM (1998) Effect of processing on the content of β-N-oxalyl-α, β-diaminopropionic acid (gb-ODAP) in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) seeds and flour as determined by flow injection analysis. Food Chemistry. 62(2):233-237.
- Asmundson Vand Baker G (1940) Percentage shell as a function of shell thickness, egg volume, and egg shape. Poultry Science. 19(4):227-232.
- Burns J, Cope W (1974) Nutritive value of crownvetch forage as influenced by structural constituents and phenolic and tannin compounds. Agronomy Journal. 66(2):195-200.
- Carter T (1975) The hen's egg: Estimation of shell superficial area and egg volume, using measurements of fresh egg weight and shell length and breadth alone or in combination.
- Chowdhury SD, Sultana Z, Ahammed M, Chowdhury BL, Das SC and Roy BC (2005) The nutritional value of khesari (Lathyrus sativus) for Growing and laying pullets. The Journal of Poultry Science. 42(4):308-320.
- Farran M, Uwayjan M, Miski A, Sleiman F, Adada F, Ashkarian V and Thomas O (1995) Effect of feeding raw and treated common vetch seed (Vicia sativa) on the performance and egg quality parameters of laying hens. Poultry science. 74(10):1630-1635.
- Fru-Nji F, Niess E and Pfeffer E (2007) Effect of graded replacement of soybean meal by faba beans (Vicia faba L.) or field peas (Pisum sativum L.) in rations for laying hens on egg production and quality. The Journal of Poultry Science. 44(1):34-41.
- Halle I (2017) Laying performance in hens of two breeds testing soybean meal or rapeseed meal plus peas as protein feed. Landbauforsch Apploed Agriculture Forestry Research. 67:25-32.
- Hanbury C, White C, Mullan B and Siddique K (2000) A review of the potential of Lathyrus sativus L. and L. cicera L. grain for use as animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 87(1):1-27.
- Hy-Line (2016) Hy-Line W-36 Commercial Management Guide. Located at: Hy-Line Int. West Des Moines, IA.
- Igbasan F and Guenter W (1997) The influence of micronization, dehulling, and enzyme supplementation on the nutritional value of peas for laying hens. Poultry science. 76(2):331-337.
- Institute S (2008) SAS/STAT 9.1 User's Guide the Reg Procedure:(Book Excerpt). SAS Institute.
- Jalal M and Scheideler S (2001) Effect of supplementation of two different sources of phytase on egg production parameters in laying hens and nutrient digestiblity. Poultry Science. 80(10):1463-1471.
- Latimer GW (2012) Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. AOAC international. 543/L357).
- Laudadio V and Tufarelli V (2010) Treated fava bean (Vicia faba var. minor) as substitute for soybean meal in diet of early phase laying hens: Egg-laying performance and egg quality. Poultry science. 89(10):2299-2303.
- Laudadio V and Tufarelli V (2011) Influence of substituting dietary soybean meal for dehulled-micronized lupin (Lupinus albus cv. Multitalia) on early phase laying hens production and egg quality. Livestock Science. 140(1):184-188.
- Peebles E and Mcdaniel C (2004) A practical manual for understanding the shell structure of broiler hatching eggs and measurements of their quality [bulletin 1130]. Raymmond: Mississippi Agricutural and Forestry Experiment Station.
- Perez-Maldonado R, Mannion P and Farrell D (1999) Optimum inclusion of field peas, faba beans, chick peas and sweet lupins in poultry diets. I. Chemical composition and layer experiments. British poultry science. 40(5):667-673.
- Ramachandran S and Ray A (2008) Effect of different processing techniques on the nutritive value of grass pea, Lathyrus sativus L., seed meal in compound diets for Indian major carp rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings. Archives of Polish Fisheries. 16(2):189-202.
- Rotter R, Marquardt R and Campbell C (1991) The nutritional value of low lathyrogenic Lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus) for growing chicks. British Poultry Science. 32(5):1055-1067.
- Sell D, Rogler J and Featherston W (1983) The effects of sorghum tannin and protein level on the performance of laying hens maintained in two temperature environments. Poultry Science. 62(12):2420-2428.
- Smulikowska S, Rybinski W, Czerwinski J, Taciak M and Mieczkowska A (2008) Evaluation of selected mutants of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) var. Krab as an ingredient in broiler chicken diet. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. 17(1):75.
- Wang X, Zhang H, Wang H, Wang J, Wu S and Qi G (2017) Effect of dietary protein sources on production performance, egg quality, and plasma parameters of laying hens. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences. 30(3):400.
- Wiryawan K and Dingle J. 1999. Recent research on improving the quality of grain legumes for chicken growth. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 76(3):185-193.
- Xu Q, Liu F, Chen P, Jez JM and Krishnan HB (2017) β-N-Oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionic Acid (β-ODAP) Content in Lathyrus sativus: The Integration of Nitrogen and Sulfur Metabolism through β-Cyanoalanine Synthase. International journal of molecular sciences. 18(3):526.
)