نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. رایانامه: mo.sedghi@iut.ac.ir

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. رایانامه: zahra.sarrami@alumni.iut.ac.ir

3 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. رایانامه: r.ghasemi1@alumni.iut.ac.ir

4 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. رایانامه: mojtaba.abbasi96@alumni.iut.ac.ir

5 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. رایانامه: esmail.mohammadi@ag.iut.ac.ir

10.22059/jap.2026.406624.623880

چکیده

هدف: صنعت طیور در سال‌های اخیر علاقه‌ فزاینده‌ای به استفاده از جیره‌های کم‌پروتئین نشان داده است که این امر به‌دلیل مزایای اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی، از جمله کاهش هزینه خوراک و کاهش کلی دفع نیتروژن می‌باشد. با این‌حال، کاهش سطح پروتئین جیره می‌تواند منجر به کاهش میزان اسیدهای آمینه ضروری گردد. از این‌رو، طی چندین دهه گذشته، پژوهش‌های گسترده‌ای به‌منظور بررسی رابطه بین مواد مغذی جیره، عملکرد تولیدی و برآورد نیازهای تغذیه‌ای در جوجه‌های گوشتی به‌ویژه در زمینه انرژی قابل‌متابولیسم، پروتئین و اسیدهای آمینه ضروری انجام شده است. هدف اصلی تمامی این مطالعات، ارائه برآوردهای دقیق‌تر از نیازهای تغذیه‌ای به‌منظور بیشینه‌سازی پتانسیل ژنتیکی رشد و عملکرد در طیور می‌باشد.
روش پژوهش: به‌منظور بررسی اثر سطوح انرژی قابل‌متابولیسم، پروتئین، متیونین+ سیستئین و لیزین جیره بر عملکرد و پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیک جوجه‌های آرین، تعداد 2160 قطعه جوجه (مخلوطی از نر و ماده) یک‌روزه در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل 4×4×4×4 با 16 تیمار و پنج تکرار و 27 جوجه در هر تکرار مورداستفاده قرار گرفتند. سطوح مواد مغذی معادل 97، 100، 103 و 106 درصد نیاز توصیه‌شده در کاتالوگ آرین تنظیم شدند. شاخص‌های عملکردی از جمله افزایش وزن، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک برای صفر تا 21 روز و 22 تا 42 روزگی اندازه‌گیری شد. به‌منظور ارزیابی فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی خون در سن ۳۵ روزگی، از یک پرنده در هر تکرار خون‌گیری انجام شد. هم‌چنین جهت سنجش تیتر تولید آنتی‌بادی علیه گلبول قرمز گوسفندی، در سنین ۲۸ و ۳۵ روزگی نمونه خون گرفته شد. در پایان دوره، از هر تیمار پنج پرنده کشتار شد و نمونه‌برداری بافتی صورت گرفت. ویژگی‌های بافت‌شناسی شامل ارتفاع و عرض پرز، عمق کریپت، نسبت ارتفاع پرز به عمق کریپت و ضخامت لایه ماهیچه‌ای اندازه‌گیری گردید.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد سطوح بهینه مواد مغذی برای افزایش وزن روزانه در کل دوره پرورش، سطح 103 درصد انرژی و لیزین، سطح 106 درصد پروتئین و سطح استاندارد متیونین+ سیستئین بود. سطح استاندارد انرژی و پروتئین، سطح 97 درصد نیاز متیونین+ سیستئین و سطح 103 درصد نیاز لیزین، سطوح بهینه برای مصرف خوراک بود. با افزایش سطح انرژی و پروتئین جیره، ضریب تبدیل خوراک و شاخص عملکرد اروپایی بهبود یافت. غلظت کلسترول و تری­گلیسیرید خون پرندگان نیز با افزایش سطح انرژی جیره، روند افزایشی داشت. با افزایش انرژی و کاهش پروتئین جیره، غلظت پروتئین با چگالی بالا (HDL) روند افزایشی نشان داد. سطوح بالای انرژی و پروتئین سبب افزایش غلظت پروتئین، گلوبولین و آنزیم‌های کبدی در سرم خون شد. هم‌چنین ارتفاع و مساحت پرزهای روده با افزایش سطح اسیدآمینه لیزین روندی رو به افزایش داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: براساس نتایج حاصل، افزایش سطح انرژی قابل‌متابولیسم جیره به بیش از 103 درصد نیاز ممکن است منجر به افت عملکرد و مصرف خوراک شود. افزایش سطح پروتئین تا 106 درصد نیاز، نتایج عملکردی خوبی به‌همراه دارد و افزایش سطح پروتئین تا 103 درصد نیاز از نظر اقتصادی توصیه می‌شود. هم‌چنین برای اسیدهای آمینه متیونین+ سیستئین و لیزین به‌ترتیب سطوح استاندارد و 103 درصد نیاز توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization of Functional and physiological responses of arian broiler chickens based on dietary ME, protein, lysine, and methionine +cysteine using Taguchi method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Sedghi 1
  • zahra sarrami 2
  • Razie ghasemi 3
  • Mojtaba Abbasi 4
  • Ishmael Mohammadi 5

1 Corresponding Author, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: mo.sedghi@iut.ac.ir

2 Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: zahra.sarrami@alumni.iut.ac.ir

3 Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: r.ghasemi1@alumni.iut.ac.ir

4 Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: mojtaba.abbasi96@alumni.iut.ac.ir

5 Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: esmail.mohammadi@ag.iut.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

Objective: In recent years, the poultry industry has shown increasing interest in low-protein diets due to their economic and environmental benefits, including reduced feed costs and lower nitrogen excretion. However, reducing dietary protein levels may lead to deficiencies in essential amino acids. Therefore, extensive research over recent decades has focused on evaluating the relationships between dietary nutrients, production performance, and nutritional requirements of broiler chickens, particularly metabolizable energy, protein, and essential amino acids. The primary objective of these studies has been to provide more accurate estimations of nutritional requirements to maximize the genetic potential for growth and performance in poultry.
Method: To investigate the effects of dietary metabolizable energy, protein, methionine+ cysteine, and lysine levels on performance and physiological responses of Arian broiler chickens, a total of 2,160 one-day-old chicks (mixed sex) were used in a 4×4×4×4 factorial experiment with 16 treatments, 5 replicates per treatment, and 27 birds per replicate. Nutrient levels were formulated at 97, 100, 103, and 106% of the recommended requirements according to the Arian catalog. Performance parameters, including body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR), were recorded. At 35 days of age, blood samples were collected from one bird per replicate for the serum biochemical parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, albumin, globulin, ALP, AST, and ALT). Antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were measured at 28 and 35 days of age. At the end of the experimental period, five birds per treatment were slaughtered to determine carcass, liver, and lymphoid organ weights. Additionally, intestinal tissue samples were collected from one bird per replicate to evaluate micromorphological traits, including villus height and width, crypt depth, villus height to crypt depth ratio, and muscular layer thickness.
Results: The results of statistical analysis indicated that the optimal nutrient levels for maximizing daily weight gain over the entire rearing period were 103% of energy and lysine requirements, 106% of protein requirements, and the standard level of methionine+ cysteine. Standard levels of energy and protein, 97% of methionine +cysteine requirements, and 103% of lysine requirements were optimal for feed intake. Increasing dietary energy and protein levels improved the FCR and the European production efficiency index. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations increased with increasing dietary energy levels. Higher dietary energy with lower protein levels resulted in higher HDL concentrations. Higher levels of energy and protein elevated serum total protein, globulin, and the activities of AST and ALT enzymes. Moreover, dietary lysine level affected villus height and surface area.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of the present study indicate that feeding more than 103% of metabolizable energy required may have detrimental effects on performance and feed intake. Whereas, increasing dietary protein up to 106% of the requirement improved performance; but since there was no significant difference in performance at 103% and 106% protein levels, 103% protein is economically recommended. Furthermore, for optimal performance in Arian broiler chickens, the recommended standard level of methionine+ cysteine and 103% of lysine requirements are also suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amino acid balance
  • Feed efficiency modeling. Growth performance indices
  • Nutrient optimization
  • Physiological response evaluation
نیک‌خواه، علی و کاظمی شیرازی، رضا (1368)، روش علمی تغذیه مرغ، چاپ دوم، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
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