نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران. رایانامه: Phd.imani@asnrukh.ac.ir

2 نویسنده مسئول، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران. رایانامه: S.Salari@asnrukh.ac.ir

3 گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم و مرکز تحقیقات پالایشگاه زیستی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران. رایانامه: motamedih@scu.ac.ir

10.22059/jap.2025.399776.623862

چکیده

هدف: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثرات فرآوری سبوس برنج و سبوس گندم با استفاده از روش‌های مختلف تخمیری (باکتری، قارچ، مایع شکمبه گاو) بر عملکرد، ریخت‌شناسی روده و جمعیت میکروبی روده کور جوجه‌های گوشتی سویه راس 308 انجام شد. سبوس‌های (برنج و گندم)، به‌عنوان یک محصول فرعی غلات غنی از مواد مغذی و الیاف خام، می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک منبع غذایی جایگزین در تغذیه طیور به مقدار محدود مورداستفاده قرار گیرد. با این‌حال، وجود ترکیبات ضد تغذیه‌ای در سبوس از قبیل فیبر، اسید فیتیک، قابلیت هضم و جذب مواد مغذی را محدود می‌کنند. به‌نظر می‌رسد، فرآوری تخمیری می‌تواند با تجزیه و افزایش قابلیت جذب این ترکیبات امکان استفاده بهینه از سبوس‌‌ها را فراهم کند.
روش پژوهش: در این آزمایش، تعداد 400 قطعه جوجه‌ گوشتی یک‌روزه، سویه تجاری راس 308 (مخلوط دو جنس) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل (4×2) به‌مدت 42 روز موردبررسی قرار گرفتند. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل روش‌های مختلف فرآوری (بدون فرآوری، تخمیر با باکتری باسیلوس سابتیلیس، تخمیر با قارچ آسپرژیلوس نایجر و تخمیر با مایع شکمبه) و نوع سبوس (گندم و برنج در سطح 10 درصد جیره) بودند و اثرات آن‌ها بر عملکرد کل دوره (مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن، ضریب تبدیل خوراک)، ریخت‌شناسی روده و جمعیت میکروبی روده کور وpH  قسمت‌های مختلف دستگاه گوارش (سنگدان، دوازدهه، ژژنوم و ایلئوم) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: اثر متقابل نوع سبوس و روش فرآوری بر مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن کل دوره معنی‌دار نبود، اما بر ضریب تبدیل خوراک اثر معنی‌داری داشت. به‌طور مشخص، گروهایی که سبوس گندم و برنج تخمیرشده با قارچ را دریافت کرده بودند کم‌ترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک را داشتند. در بررسی اثر اصلی روش فرآوری، تخمیر سبوس با قارچ نسبت به سبوس خام و سبوس تخمیرشده با مایع شکمبه موجب افزایش مصرف خوراک شد. مصرف سبوس گندم در مقایسه با سبوس برنج، منجر به بهبود معنی‌دار افزایش وزن و کاهش ضریب تبدیل خوراک گردید. ارتفاع پرز دوازدهه در روش تخمیر با قارچ نسبت به سبوس خام و روش تخمیر با باکتری به‌صورت معنی‌داری افزایش یافت، اما با روش تخمیر با مایع شکمبه اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت. بیش‌ترین نسبت ارتفاع پرز به عمق کریپت دوازدهه در روش تخمیر سبوس با قارچ مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد که سبوس گندم، در مقایسه با سبوس برنج، موجب افزایش ارتفاع پرز و ضخامت اپیتلیوم و کاهش عمق کریپت ژژنوم شد. نسبت ارتفاع پرز به عمق کریپت ژژنوم در دو روش فرآوری با قارچ و مایع شکمبه افزایش معنی‌داری را نشان دادند. نسبت ارتفاع پرز به عمق کریپت در ایلئوم در گروه دریافت‌کننده سبوس برنج تخمیرشده با قارچ و مایع شکمبه و هم‌چنین سبوس گندم تخمیرشده با قارچ بیش‌ترین مقدار را نشان داد. کم‌ترین نسبت ارتفاع پرز به عمق کریپت ایلئوم در گروه دریافت‌کننده سبوس برنج خام مشاهده گردید. اثر متقابل فاکتورهای آزمایشی بر جمعیت لاکتوباسیل‌ها روده کور معنی‌دار بود. پرندگان تغذیه‌شده با سبوس گندم تخمیرشده با مایع شکمبه، جمعیت لاکتوباسیلوس روده کور بیش‌تری در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها به‌جز سبوس برنج تخمیرشده با قارچ نشان دادند. پرندگان تغذیه‌شده با سبوس تخمیرشده اشرشیاکلای و کلی‌فرم روده کور کم‌تری نسبت به پرندگان تغذیه‌شده با سبوس خام داشتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که فرآوری تخمیری سبوس گندم و سبوس برنج، به‌ویژه با استفاده از قارچ آسپرژیلوس نایجر، به‌دلیل بهبود عملکرد، افزایش ارتفاع پرزها و کاهش عمق کریپت روده، افزایش جمعیت باکتری‌های مفید لاکتوباسیل، کاهش جمعیت باکتری‌های مضر وکاهشpH  روده جوجه‌های گوشتی، می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک استراتژی مؤثر در تغذیه جوجه‌های گوشتی مورداستفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of different fermentation methods of wheat bran and rice bran on performance, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbial population of Ross broiler chickens

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Imaninejhad 1
  • Somayyeh Salari 2
  • Hossein Motamedi 3

1 Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran. E-mail: Phd.imani@asnrukh.ac.ir

2 Corresponding Author, Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran. E-mail: S.Salari@asnrukh.ac.ir

3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, and Biorefinery Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail: motamedih@scu.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the fermentation processing of rice bran and wheat bran (using bacterial, fungal, rumen liquor fermentation) on performance, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbial population of Ross 308 broiler chickens. Bran (rice and wheat), is a by-product of cereal processing that can be used as an alternative feed source in poultry nutrition because it is a rich source of nutrients and crude fiber. However, bran contains anti-nutritional compounds such as fiber and phytic acid, which reduce digestibility and absorption of nutrients. Therefore, fermentation processing may allow for the maximum utilization of bran by breaking down these anti-nutritional compounds and increasing their absorbability.
Method: In a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (2×4), 400 one-day-old commercial Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed sex) were studied for 42 days to evaluate the effects of different processing methods (no processing, fermentation with Bacillus subtilis, fermentation with Aspergillus niger, fermentation with rumen liquor) and type of bran (wheat and rice at a 10% dietary inclusion level) on overall performance (feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR)), intestinal morphology, cecal microbial population, and the pH of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract (gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum).
Results: The interaction between bran type and processing method was not significant in total period feed intake and weight gain, but it was significant for FCR, in which wheat bran and rice bran fermented with fungus had the lowest FCR. For main effect of the processing method, the fermentation of bran with fungus increased feed intake compared to raw bran and bran fermented with rumen liquor. Wheat bran intake compared to rice bran improved weight gain and reduced FCR. Duodenal villus height significantly greater in the fungal fermentation method compared to raw bran and bacterial fermentation method, but there was significant difference with the rumen liquor fermentation method. The duodenal villus height to crypt depth ratio was the highest in the fungal bran fermentation method. The results indicated that wheat bran significantly increased villus height and epithelial thickness and a decreased jejunal crypt depth compared to rice bran, while the jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio was significantly higher in both the fungal and rumen liquor fermentation methods than in the raw bran groups. The ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio was highest in the groups receiving rice bran fermented with fungus and rumen liquor, as well as wheat bran fermented with fungus and lowest in the group receiving raw rice bran. The interaction of experimental factors on cecal lactobacillus population was also significant. Birds fed wheat bran fermented with rumen liquor showed a higher cecal lactobacillus population compared to other treatments, except for rice bran fermented with fungus. Birds fed fermented bran had lower cecal Escherichia coli and coliforms compared to birds fed raw bran.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the fermentation processing of wheat bran and rice bran, particularly by the fungus Aspergillus niger, may be an effective strategy in broiler chicken nutrition because of improved performance, increased villus height and reduced intestinal crypt depth, increased Lactobacillus bacteria counts, decreased pathogenic bacteria counts, and lower intestinal pH in broiler chickens.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broiler chickens
  • Intestinal morphology
  • Microbial population
  • Performance
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