نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. رایانامه: m.karimizandi@mail.ilam.ac.ir

2 نویسنده مسئول، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. رایانامه: h.shirzadi@ilam.ac.ir

3 نویسنده مسئول، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران. رایانامه: h-ghasemi@araku.ac.ir

4 گروه پرورش و مدیریت طیور، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. رایانامه: karimitm@modares.ac.ir

5 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران. رایانامه: k.taherpour@ilam.ac.ir

6 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران. رایانامه: rahmatnejad@pgu.ac.ir

10.22059/jap.2025.401403.623867

چکیده

هدف: این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر توکسین بایندر و اسیدهای آلی بر شاخص‌های عملکردی، پروفایل لیپیدی و شاخص‌های سلامت سرم خون، صفات لاشه و کیفیت گوشت جوجه‌های گوشتی چالش‌یافته با آفلاتوکسین B1 و کلستریدیوم پرفرنژنس انجام شد.
روش پژوهش: تعداد 420 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (راس 308) به‌طور تصادفی به هفت گروه تقسیم شدند که هر گروه جیره‌های متفاوتی را دریافت کردند؛ 1- تیمار کنترل (جیره پایه بدون افزودنی و بدون چالش آفلاتوکسین و کلستریدیوم پرفرنژنس)؛ 2- تیمار A (جیره پایه بدون افزودنی و چالش‌یافته با آفلاتوکسین)؛ 3- تیمار AM (جیره پایه با توکسین بایندر و چالش‌یافته با آفلاتوکسین)؛ 4- تیمار AMO (جیره پایه با توکسین بایندر و اسیدهای آلی و چالش‌یافته با آفلاتوکسین)؛ 5- تیمار ACP (جیره پایه بدون افزودنی و چالش‌یافته با آفلاتوکسین و کلستریدیوم پرفرنژنس)؛ 6- تیمار ACPM (جیره پایه با توکسین بایندر و چالش‌یافته با آفلاتوکسین و کلستریدیوم پرفرنژنس) و 7- تیمار ACPMO (جیره پایه با توکسین بایندر و اسیدهای آلی و چالش‌یافته با آفلاتوکسین و کلستریدیوم پرفرنژنس). هر گروه به شش تکرار تقسیم شد که در هر تکرار 10 قطعه پرنده نر و ماده وجود داشت. به‌جز گروه کنترل، جوجه‌ها در تمام طول دوره پرورش تحت چالش آفلاتوکسین B1 (ppb 500) بودند، اما از روز 15 آزمایش به‌مدت 10 روز متوالی تحت چالش کلستریدیوم پرفرنژنس (cfu 108×1 در هر میلی‌لیتر سوسپانسیون) قرار گرفتند. هر کدام از ترکیبات اسیدهای آلی و توکسین بایندر در تمام طول آزمایش با غلظت 2/0 درصد به جیره پایه اضافه شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که چالش آفلاتوکسین سبب تضعیف نرخ رشد ویژه و نسبت‌ بازده انرژی شد (05/0>P) و استفاده از توکسین بایندر به‌تنهایی و در ترکیب با اسیدهای آلی سبب کاهش این اثرات منفی شد. هم‌چنین چالش هم‌زمان آفلاتوکسین و کلستریدیوم پرفرنژنس سبب تضعیف نسبت‌های بازده انرژی و پروتئین و نرخ رشد ویژه شد (05/0>P). استفاده از توکسین بایندر تنها سبب بهبود نرخ رشد ویژه شد، اما در ترکیب با اسیدهای آلی سبب بهبود نسبت‌های بازده انرژی و پروتئین شد. چالش هم‌زمان آفلاتوکسین و کلستریدیوم پرفرنژنس سبب افزایش سطح لیپوپروتئین با چگالی پایین (LDL) سرم خون شد (05/0>P) و استفاده از توکسین بایندر سبب بهبود صفت مذکور شد، اما در ترکیب با اسیدهای آلی عملکرد بهتری داشت. هم‌چنین به‌کارگیری توکسین بایندر در جیره سبب کاهش نسبت LDL به لیپوپروتئین با چگالی بالا (HDL)، ضریب آتروژنیک و نسبت ریسک قلبی در جوجه‌های تحت چالش آفلاتوکسین و کلستریدیوم پرفرنژنس شد و در ترکیب با اسیدهای آلی پتانسیل بالاتری از خود نشان داد (05/0>P). چالش آفلاتوکسین و چالش هم‌زمان آن با کلستریدیوم پرفرنژنس سبب افزایش اتلاف آب در اثر پخت‌وپز در فیله بزرگ سینه و کاهش اتلاف آب ناشی از پرس و ماده خشک در فیله بزرگ سینه و کعب ران شد (05/0>P). هم‌چنین چالش آفلاتوکسین سبب افزایش وزن نسبی قلب (05/0>P) و چالش آن با کلستریدیوم پرفرنژنس سبب کاهش وزن نسبی سینه و افزایش اوزان نسبی قلب و کبد شد (05/0>P). استفاده از ترکیب توکسین بایندر و اسیدهای آلی نسبت به توکسین بایندر پتانسیل بالاتری جهت بهبود این صفات داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: در صورت وجود آفلاتوکسین در جیره جوجه‌های گوشتی، استفاده از توکسین بایندر در جیره مفید است و در صورت بروز هم‌زمان عفونت‌های ثانویه نظیر کلونیزاسیون کلستریدیوم پرفرنژنس بهتر است از اسیدهای آلی به‌عنوان عامل کمکی در کنار توکسین بایندر استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of toxin binder and organic acids on performance indices, serum lipid profile and health indices, carcass traits and meat quality of broiler chickens challenged with Aflatoxin B1 and Clostridium perfringens

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Karimi- Zandi 1
  • Hassan Shirzadi 2
  • Ghasemi, Hossein Ali 3
  • Mohammad Amir Karimi-Torshizi 4
  • Kamran Taherpour 5
  • Enayat Rahmatnejad 6

1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture. Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. E-mail: m.karimizandi@mail.ilam.ac.ir

2 Corresponding Author, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture. Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. E-mail: h.shirzadi@ilam.ac.ir

3 Corresponding Author, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, Iran. E-mail: h-ghasemi@araku.ac.ir

4 Department of Poultry Breeding and Management. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: karimitm@modares.ac.ir

5 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture. Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. E-mail: k.taherpour@ilam.ac.ir

6 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran. E-mail: rahmatnejad@pgu.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a toxin binder and organic acids on growth performance, serum lipid profile, health indices, carcass traits, and meat quality of broiler chickens challenged with aflatoxin B1 and Clostridium perfringens.
Methods: A total of 420 one-day-old as hatched Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 7 treatment groups, each with 6 replicates of 10 birds. The treatments were as follows: Control – basal diet without additives or challenges; A – basal diet, challenged with aflatoxin; AM – basal diet with toxin binder, challenged with aflatoxin; AMO – basal diet with toxin binder and organic acids, challenged with aflatoxin; ACP – basal diet, challenged with aflatoxin and C. perfringens; ACPM – basal diet with toxin binder, challenged with aflatoxin and C. perfringens; and ACPMO – basal diet with toxin binder and organic acids, challenged with aflatoxin and C. perfringens. Aflatoxin B1 (500 ppb) was administered throughout the trial, and C. perfringens (1×108 cfu/mL) was introduced on day 15 for ten consecutive days. Both the toxin binder and organic acids were added at 0.2% of the basal diet.
Results: Inclusion of a toxin binder, either alone or in combination with organic acids, alleviated these negative effects of aflatoxin challenge (P<0.05), and the combined challenge with aflatoxin and C. perfringens further decreased energy and protein efficiency ratios as well as specific growth rate (P<0.05). The toxin binder alone improved specific growth rate, and its combination with organic acids enhanced energy and protein efficiency ratios. The combined challenge increased serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level (P<0.05). The inclusion of toxin binder lowered these values, and its effect was more pronounced when used in combination with organic acids. Inclusion of toxin binder also decreased the LDL to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, atherogenic coefficient, and cardiac risk ratio in aflatoxin- and C. perfringens -challenged birds (P<0.05). Supplementation with both toxin binders and organic acids elicited greater improvements in these physiological indices relative to the toxin binder alone. Aflatoxin and dual challenges increased cooking loss in the pectoralis major muscle and reduced press loss and dry matter content in both pectoralis major and thigh muscles (P<0.05). Aflatoxin exposure alone increased the relative weight of the heart (P<0.05), and the combined challenge reduced breast weight and increased heart and liver weights (P<0.05). The combined use of toxin binders and organic acids elicited the most pronounced improvements in these traits compared to the toxin binder alone.
Conclusion: When feed is contaminated with aflatoxin, the addition of a toxin binder to broiler diets is a beneficial strategy. In the presence of a concurrent C. perfringens infection, use of a toxin binder plus organic acids provides superior protection and performance benefits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Atherogenic coefficient
  • Atherogenic index
  • Cardiac risk ratio
  • Energy and protein efficiency ratios
  • Specific growth rate
شیرزادی، ح.، نظری، ز.، طاهرپور، ک. (2020). تأثیر پودر گیاهان آویشن زوفایی و سرخارگل بر کیفیت عضله سینه جوجه‌های گوشتی چالش‌یافته با کمپیلوباکتر ژژونی. تولیدات دامی، 22(1)، 153-164.
 

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Dev, K., Mir, N. A., Biswas, A., Kannoujia, J., Begum, J., Kant, R., & Mandal, A. (2020). Dietary synbiotic supplementation improves the growth performance, body antioxidant pool, serum biochemistry, meat quality, and lipid oxidative stability in broiler chickens. Animal Nutrition, 6(3), 325-332.
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AOAC. (1995). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Cai, F., Huang, M., Liu, W., Wan, X., Qiu, K., & Xu, X. (2025). Dietary addition of compound organic acids improves the growth performance, carcass trait, and body health of broilers. Frontiers in Nutrition, 12, 1536606.
Cravens, R., Goss, G., Chi, F., De Boer, E., Davis, S., Hendrix, S., Richardson, J., & Johnston, S. (2013). The effects of necrotic enteritis, aflatoxin B1, and virginiamycin on growth performance, necrotic enteritis lesion scores, and mortality in young broilers. Poultry Science, 92(8), 1997-2004.
Dev, K., Mir, N. A., Biswas, A., Kannoujia, J., Begum, J., Kant, R., & Mandal, A. (2020). Dietary synbiotic supplementation improves the growth performance, body antioxidant pool, serum biochemistry, meat quality, and lipid oxidative stability in broiler chickens. Animal Nutrition, 6(3), 325-332.
El-Hamid, A., Ellakany, H., Rizk, M., Elbestawy, A., & Abdelfatah, S. (2017). Effect of Combined Clostridium perfringens Infection and Aflatoxicosis in Broiler Chickens. Alexandria Journal for Veterinary Sciences, 52(1), 15-27.
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Karimi Torshizi, M. A., & Sedaghat, A. (2023). A consortium of detoxifying bacteria mitigates the aflatoxin B1 toxicosis on performance, health, and blood constituents of laying hens. Poultry Science, 102(5), 102601.
Khatami, S. A., Shakouri, M. D., & Evrigh, N. H. (2024). Effect of Butyric Acids Glycerides and Eugenol on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Bacteriological Examination in Broilers under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge. Poultry Science Journal, 12(2).
Khodary, M., Nasr El-Deen, N., & Gamal El-Deen, I. (2019). Effect of experimental Clostridium perfringens infection on some immunological, hematological and biochemical values in broiler chickens. Zagazig Veterinary Journal, 47(2), 222-233.
Lai, Y., Sun, M., He, Y., Lei, J., Han, Y., Wu, Y., Bai, D., Guo, Y., & Zhang, B. (2022). Mycotoxins binder supplementation alleviates aflatoxin B1 toxic effects on the immune response and intestinal barrier function in broilers. Poultry Science, 101(3), 101683.
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Mesgar, A., Aghdam Shahryar, H., Bailey, C. A., Ebrahimnezhad, Y., & Mohan, A. (2022). Effect of dietary L-threonine and toxin binder on performance, blood parameters, and immune response of broilers exposed to aflatoxin B1. Toxins, 14(3), 192.
Murugesan, G., Ledoux, D., Naehrer, K., Berthiller, F., Applegate, T., Grenier, B., Phillips, T., & Schatzmayr, G. (2015). Prevalence and effects of mycotoxins on poultry health and performance, and recent development in mycotoxin counteracting strategies. Poultry Science, 94(6), 1298-1315.
Otite, S. V., Lag-Brotons, A. J., Ezemonye, L. I., Martin, A. D., Pickup, R. W., & Semple, K. T. (2024). Volatile Fatty Acids Effective as Antibacterial Agents against Three Enteric Bacteria during Mesophilic Anaerobic Incubation. Molecules, 29(9), 1908.
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Yilmaz, S., Kaya, E., Karaca, A., & Karatas, O. (2018). Aflatoxin B1 induced renal and cardiac damage in rats: protective effect of lycopene. Research in Veterinary Science, 119, 268-275.
Zabiulla, I., Malathi, V., Swamy, H., Naik, J., Pineda, L., & Han, Y. (2021). The efficacy of a smectite-based mycotoxin binder in reducing aflatoxin B1 toxicity on performance, health and histopathology of broiler chickens. Toxins, 13(12), 856.
Zhang, M., Li, Q., Wang, J., Sun, J., Xiang, Y., & Jin, X. (2022). Aflatoxin B1 disrupts the intestinal barrier integrity by reducing junction protein and promoting apoptosis in pigs and mice. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 247, 114250.
Zou, Y., Liu, S.-B., Zhang, Q., & Tan, H.-Z. (2023). Effects of Aflatoxin B1 on growth performance, carcass traits, organ index, blood biochemistry and oxidative status in Chinese yellow chickens. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 85(9), 1015-1022.
Sugiharto, S., Yudiarti, T., Isroli, I., Widiastuti, E., Wahyuni, H., Sartono, T., Nurwantoro, N., & Al-Baarri, A. (2019). Effect of dietary supplementation of formic acid, butyric acid or their combination on carcass and meat characteristics of broiler chickens. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 44(3), 286-294.
Ünal, K., Alagöz, E., Cabi, A., & Sarıçoban, C. (2020). Determination of the effect of some acidic solutions on the tenderness and quality properties of chicken breast meat. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 34(1), 19-23.
Vera-Álava, J. O., Arteaga-Solórzano, J. G., & Reyna-Gallegos, S. L. (2023). Organic acids, microbiota, gut health and productive response in broilers chickens: Organic Acids in Broilers Chickens. Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal-RECIA 15(2), e1019-e1019.
Waskar, V., Devangare, A., Gosavi, P., Ravikanth, K., Maini, S., & Rekhe, D. (2009). Meat quality Attributes of broilers supplemented with Herbal Toxin Binder product. Veterinary World, 2(7), 274-277.
Yang, T., Du, M., Wang, X., Wang, J., Li, J., Jiang, X., Zhang, R., & Si, D. (2022). Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum on carcass traits, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of broilers. Agriculture, 12(10), 1607.
Yilmaz, S., Kaya, E., Karaca, A., & Karatas, O. (2018). Aflatoxin B1 induced renal and cardiac damage in rats: protective effect of lycopene. Research in Veterinary Science, 119, 268-275.
Zabiulla, I., Malathi, V., Swamy, H., Naik, J., Pineda, L., & Han, Y. (2021). The efficacy of a smectite-based mycotoxin binder in reducing aflatoxin B1 toxicity on performance, health and histopathology of broiler chickens. Toxins, 13(12), 856.
Zhang, M., Li, Q., Wang, J., Sun, J., Xiang, Y., & Jin, X. (2022). Aflatoxin B1 disrupts the intestinal barrier integrity by reducing junction protein and promoting apoptosis in pigs and mice. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 247, 114250.
Zou, Y., Liu, S.-B., Zhang, Q., & Tan, H.-Z. (2023). Effects of Aflatoxin B1 on growth performance, carcass traits, organ index, blood biochemistry and oxidative status in Chinese yellow chickens. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 85(9), 1015-1022.