نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دام و طیور، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران. رایانامه: heidari@ut.ac.ir

2 نویسنده مسئول، گروه علوم دام و طیور، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران. رایانامه: manorouzian@ut.ac.ir

3 گروه علوم دام و طیور، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران. رایانامه: bkhorrami@ut.ac.ir

چکیده

هدف: این مطالعه با هدف بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه­پذیری ماده خشک و پروتئین خام و فراسنجه‌های تولید گاز گیاه عدسک آبی در تغذیه دام انجام شد.
روش پژوهش: در مرحله اول ترکیب شیمیایی، فراسنجه­های تولید گاز و تجزیه­پذیری ماده خشک و پروتئین خام گیاه عدسک آبی (از دو منطقه رشت و ورامین) و علوفه یونجه به روش­های توصیه‌شده آزمایشگاهی تعیین شد. در مرحله دوم با توجه به پروتئین خام عدسک آبی، ارزش تخمیری تولید گاز نمونه‌های جیره­های آزمایشی شاهد (60 درصد کنسانتره و 40 درصد علوفه) و جایگزینی 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد یونجه با عدسک آبی اندازه گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: پروتئین خام در گیاه کامل عدسک آبی ورامین بیش‌تر از گیاه کامل عدسک آبی رشت و علوفه یونجه بود (05/0>P). فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی در گیاه کامل عدسک آبی رشت و ورامین بیش‌تر از علوفه یونجه بود (05/0>P). خاکستر خام در گیاه کامل عدسک آبی ورامین بیش‌تر از گیاه کامل عدسک آبی رشت و علوفه یونجه بود (05/0>P). غلظت مواد معدنی پر مصرف (کلسیم، فسفر، منیزیم و پتاسیم) و کم مصرف (مس، روی، آهن و منگنز) بین دو نمونه متفاوت بود. در تمامی ساعت‌های انکوباسیون، میزان تولید گاز در نمونه یونجه بیش‌تر از عدسک آبی بود (05/0>P). هم‌چنین ظرفیت و نرخ تولید گاز، مقدار انرژی قابل سوخت‌وساز و گوارش‌پذیری ماده آلی در نمونه یونجه بیش‌تر از عدسک آبی به‌دست آمد (05/0>P). میزان تولید گاز متان عدسک آبی نیز کم‌تر از یونجه بود (05/0>P). بخش سریع تجزیه ماده خشک و پروتئین خام عدسک آبی (به­ترتیب 3/32 و 0/27درصد) به‌طور معنی­داری قابلیت تجزیه سریع‌تری نسبت به یونجه (به‌ترتیب 6/22 و 9/25 درصد) داشت (05/0>P). هم‌چنین مقدار بخش کُند تجزیه، نرخ ثابت تجزیه‌پذیری و تجزیه‌پذیری مؤثر در نرخهای عبور 02/0، 04/0 و 06/0 در ساعت ماده خشک و پروتئین خام یونجه بالاتر از عدسک آبی رشت بود (05/0>P). جایگزینی یونجه با عدسک آبی در تیمارهای آزمایشی باعث کاهش معنی‌دار تولید گاز در ساعات مختلف انکوباسیون به‌ویژه در سطوح بالای جایگزینی شد (05/0>P). هم‌چنین فراسنجه‌های ظرفیت تولید گاز (b) و مقدار انرژی قابل سوخت‌وساز در گروه شاهد بیش‌ترین و در تیمار جایگزینی کامل عدسک آبی با یونجه کم‌ترین بود (05/0>P).
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به محتوای پروتئین خام، غلظت مواد معدنی و تجزیه‌پذیری عدسک آبی، این گیاه می‌تواند به‌عنوان منبع ارزشمندی در تغذیه دام استفاده شود. هرچند، نیاز هست آزمایش‌های بیش‌تری به‌ویژه در شرایط مزرعه انجام پذیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Chemical Composition, Dry Matter and Crude Protein Degradability, and Gas Production Parameters of Duckweed

نویسندگان [English]

  • MH Heidary Far 1
  • Mohammad Ali Norouzian 2
  • Behzad Khorrami 3

1 Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aboureihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran. E-mail: heidari@ut.ac.ir

2 Corresponding Author, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aboureihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran. E-mail: manorouzian@ut.ac.ir

3 Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aboureihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran. E-mail: bkhorrami@ut.ac.ir

چکیده [English]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability, and gas production parameters of Lemna minor (duckweed) in ruminant nutrition.
Methods: In the first phase, the chemical composition and mineral content, gas production parameters, and degradability of DM and CP of Lemna minor (collected from two regions: Rasht and Varamin) as well as alfalfa forage were determined using standard analytical methods. In the second phase, based on the CP content of Lemna minor, the fermentative value of gas production was measured for experimental diets consisting of a control group (60% concentrate and 40% alfalfa) and treatments in which alfalfa was replaced with Lemna minor at levels of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%.
Results: The CP content in whole Lemna minor from Varamin was significantly higher than that of whole Lemna minor from Rasht and alfalfa forage (P<0.05). The neutral detergent fiber content of whole Lemna minor from both Rasht and Varamin was higher than that of alfalfa (P<0.05). Crude ash content in whole Lemna minor from Varamin was higher than in the Rasht sample and alfalfa (P<0.05). The concentrations of macro-minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and potassium) and micro-minerals (copper, zinc, iron, and manganese) differed between the two Lemna minor samples. Across all incubation times, gas production was significantly greater in alfalfa than in Lemna minor (P<0.05). Similarly, the potential and rate of gas production, metabolizable energy (ME) content, and organic matter digestibility were all higher in alfalfa compared with Lemna minor (P<0.05). Methane gas production from Lemna minor was also lower than from alfalfa (P<0.05). The rapidly degradable fraction of DM and CP in Lemna minor (32.3% and 27.0%, respectively) was significantly higher than that in alfalfa (22.6% and 25.9%, respectively; P<0.05). However, the slowly degradable fraction, the degradation rate constant, and the effective degradability at passage rates of 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 per hour for both DM and CP were higher in alfalfa than in Lemna minor from Rasht (P<0.05). Replacing alfalfa with Lemna minor in the experimental diets significantly reduced gas production at various incubation times, particularly at higher replacement levels (P<0.05). Moreover, the gas production potential parameter (b) and ME content were highest in the control group without Lemna minor and lowest in the treatment where alfalfa was completely replaced by Lemna minor (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering its crude protein content, mineral concentrations, and degradability characteristics, Lemna minor has potential as a valuable feed ingredient in ruminant diets. Nevertheless, further studies, especially under practical farm conditions, are recommended before its widespread application.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alfalfa
  • Chemical composition
  • Fermentation
  • Gas production
  • Lemna minor
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