Rahman Ebne Abbasi; Fardin Hozhabri; Hassan Fazaeli
Volume 24, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 427-439
Abstract
The effects of two levels of hydraulic pressure (220 and 240 bar) and two dwell times (five and 10 seconds) in the machine for making complete feed blocks containing three combinations of forages (wheat straw and alfalfa hay (WB); strawberry forage, wheat straw and alfalfa hay (SB); chickpea straw and ...
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The effects of two levels of hydraulic pressure (220 and 240 bar) and two dwell times (five and 10 seconds) in the machine for making complete feed blocks containing three combinations of forages (wheat straw and alfalfa hay (WB); strawberry forage, wheat straw and alfalfa hay (SB); chickpea straw and alfalfa hay (CB)) was studied on the physical properties of the blocks in a 2×2×3 3 factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design. The blocks containing pea straw and alfalfa had the maximum moisture evaporation at 240 bar pressure and 5 and 10 seconds stop time (P<0.05). The highest density was related to the blocks SB (552.6 kg/m3) and the lowest was related to the blocks CB (456.6 kg/m3; P<0.05). With increasing pressure and dwell time, the density of SB and CB increased compared to the WB. The highest post compression expansion was observed in the first 24 hours after production (P<0.05). The SB had a maximum number of fungal colonies at 240 bar and a dwell time of 5 and 10 seconds. Regardless of the type of forage and dwell time, SB and WB had a higher colony at 240 than at 220 bar, but in CB at 240 was less than 220 bar. Based on the results, 240 bar pressure and 10 seconds dwell time to produce complete feed blocks containing strawberry forage and chickpea straw, causes the desired compression and increases the storage time of the block.
Abbas Rajaei Rad; Mohsen Sari; Mohammad javad Zamiri; Morteza Chaji; Somayeh Salari
Volume 18, Issue 3 , October 2016, , Pages 431-445
Abstract
Palm date leaves were processed with lime in a processing reactor in a factorial arrangement of treatments (3 × 3) with 3 levels of temperatures (40, 80 and 100°C) and time periods (80, 160, and 240 minutes) in a completely randomized design. Fermentation parameters measured using gas production ...
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Palm date leaves were processed with lime in a processing reactor in a factorial arrangement of treatments (3 × 3) with 3 levels of temperatures (40, 80 and 100°C) and time periods (80, 160, and 240 minutes) in a completely randomized design. Fermentation parameters measured using gas production technique. With increasing pretreatment time and temperature lignin content reduced from 13.0 percent in untreated leaves to 6.0 percent in leaves treated in 100°C for 240 min. Increasing time and temperature of the processing decreased ash content (P<0.01). Calcium concentration was increased from 0.58 percent in untreated leaves to 0.94 in the processed biomass at a temperature of 40°C for 80 min (P<0.01). Interaction was significant among pretreatment time and temperature on cell wall, dry matter loss, gas production from fermentable fraction and gas production (P<0.01). Gas production at the end of 72 h incubation increased from 76.2 ml per gram of dry matter in untreated samples to 189.8 ml per gram of dry matter in the treatment of 100°C for 240 min. Organic matter digestibility increased with increasing severity of pretreatment from 26.5 percent in the treatment of 40°C for 80 min to 36.4 percent in the treatment of 100°C for 240 min. The images of scanning electron microscopy showed more pores and holes in pretreated samples with increasing temperature and processing time compared to untreated sample. Results indicated that lime pretreatment with heat can remove lignin and improve in vitro digestibility of date leaves.
Sayyed Mohsen Hosseini; Javad Rezaei; Yousef Rouzbehan
Volume 21, Issue 4 , January 2020, , Pages 461-473
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of Echinophora sibthorpiana and Pulicaria dysenterica and the effect of dietary inclusions of these plants on in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters and digestibility. Chemical composition of the experimental plants was determined ...
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The present study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of Echinophora sibthorpiana and Pulicaria dysenterica and the effect of dietary inclusions of these plants on in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters and digestibility. Chemical composition of the experimental plants was determined using standard methods and different levels of each plant were included in the diet. In vitro gas production technique was performed with seven treatments (control diet, diets containing 15, 30 or 45 percentage of Echinophora and diets containing 15, 30 or 45 percentage of Pulicaria) and three replicates. Results indicated that crude protein and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of Echinophora (10.4 and 61.8 percentage, respectively) were higher than Pulicaria (7.85 and 52.5 percentage, respectively) (P<0.05). Inclusion of Echinophora in the diet increased OMD and metabolizable energy, while using Pulicaria reduced these parameters (P<0.05). Ruminal ammonia decreased with inclusion of Echinophora in the diet (P<0.05), but it was not affected by Pulicaria. Dietary inclusions of Echinophora and Pulicaria decreased protozoa population and methane production (P<0.05). The ruminal antioxidant capacity was improved by inclusions of Echinophora and Pulicaria in the diet (P<0.05). Based on the results, theuse of Echinophora up to 45 percentage and Pulicaria up to 30 percentage of diet dry matter is recommended in ruminants. However, the forage to concentrate ratio should be reduced when feeding Pulicaria in high-performance animals. On the other hand, using Echinophora and Pulicaria improves ruminal antioxidant capacity and reduces methane release to the environment.
Seyed Hamed Mousavi Alamdardehi; Zarbakht Ansari Pirsaraei; Essa Dirandeh; Mohammad Kazemi Fard
Volume 23, Issue 4 , January 2022, , Pages 525-533
Abstract
Effect of Basil powder and extract on yield and carcass characteristics, relative expression of heat shock protein gene (HSP70) and some blood parameters of broiler chickens under heat stress using 160 Ross 308 one-day-old broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications ...
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Effect of Basil powder and extract on yield and carcass characteristics, relative expression of heat shock protein gene (HSP70) and some blood parameters of broiler chickens under heat stress using 160 Ross 308 one-day-old broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications (8 chickens per replication), was evaluated for 42 days. Treatments included: 1- Basic diet (control), 2- Basic diet+ Vitamin C (250 mg per kg of grain), 3- Basic diet + 25 mg of Basil powder (per kg of grain), 4- Basic diet +50 mg of Basil powder (per kg of grain), 5- The use of Basil extract (1 ml/liter water). Feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics, blood parameters and relative expression of HSP70 gene in blood were measured. The effects of treatments on blood parameters and carcass characteristics were not significant. Relative expression of the HSP70 gene in the blood was significantly reduced in all treatments compared to the control (P<0.05). Based on the results, basil powder and extract reduce the negative effects of heat stress in broilers, so their use in broiler diets is recommended to prevent heat stress.
hossein manafi rasi; Ali Bayat; hormoz mansouri
Volume 22, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 549-558
Abstract
To determine the effect of mixed thyme and eucalyptus leaves aqueous’ extract on the performance and health of Holstein suckling calves, an experiment using 32 calves (16 females and 16 males) with 7±3 days old and an average weight of 40.4±3 kg was carried out in a completely randomized ...
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To determine the effect of mixed thyme and eucalyptus leaves aqueous’ extract on the performance and health of Holstein suckling calves, an experiment using 32 calves (16 females and 16 males) with 7±3 days old and an average weight of 40.4±3 kg was carried out in a completely randomized design with four treatments and 8 replicate for 70 days. The treatments were: diets with no extract (control); and diets containing10, 15, and 20 ml of extract (50 % thyme + 50% eucalyptus) in consumed milk. In order to evaluate changes in body weight, chest circumference and height, the data were measured and recorded on days 7, 28, 49, and 70 at 10 a.m. To determine the blood parameters, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein on the 70th days. It turned out that the extract can result in a higher mean body weight gain and larger body size (P <0.05). Moreover, thyme and eucalyptus extracts appeared not to have any effect on digestibility and feed intake, but feed efficiency improved with 20 ml (P <0.05). Fecal and eye secretion index in calves receiving diets containing 15 and 20 ml of extract improved compared to the control group (P <0.05). Also, adding 20 ml of the extract reduced the amount of glucose and increased the number of red blood cells and hematocrit in the blood of the receiving calves compared to other experimental groups. The findings indicated that adding 20 ml eucalyptus and thyme extracts in daily milk, can improve the performance and health of Holstein suckling calves
Aazam Mirheidari; Noor Mohamad Torbatinejad; Saeed Hassani; Pirouz Shakeri
Volume 20, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 553-564
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to assess the addition of pistachio by-product biochar (PBB) to lactatingIn first experiment, the effects of the addition of different levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% diet on dry matter basis, DM) ofPBB on rumen fermentation parameters after 24h of incubation were investigated ...
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Two experiments were conducted to assess the addition of pistachio by-product biochar (PBB) to lactatingIn first experiment, the effects of the addition of different levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% diet on dry matter basis, DM) ofPBB on rumen fermentation parameters after 24h of incubation were investigated in a completely randomized designwith four treatments and three replications. Second experiment was designed to evaluate effect of feeding selectedlevel of PBB on performance and nutrient digestibility of 8 lactating Kermanian ewes in a Latin square change-overdesign with two 21-day periods. Methane production and ammonia-N concentrations decreased linearly (P<0.01), andpH increased linearly (P<0.01) as the dietary level of PBB raised. With the addition of 1%diet, milk yield, blood glucose, digestibility of DM increased (P<0.05) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased(P<0.05) compared to control group. In general, adding 1% of PBB to lactatingand digestibility of DM.
syros ferasati; mohammad moeini; fardeen hozhabri; fazaeli
Volume 19, Issue 3 , November 2017, , Pages 569-584
Abstract
In order to determine the effects of hydraulic press pressure in the complete feed blocks (CFBs) machinery, with the pressure dwell time and forage particle size on durability, particles abscissionand storage of blocks using a completely randomized design (12 treatments and 10 replications)with factorial ...
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In order to determine the effects of hydraulic press pressure in the complete feed blocks (CFBs) machinery, with the pressure dwell time and forage particle size on durability, particles abscissionand storage of blocks using a completely randomized design (12 treatments and 10 replications)with factorial arrangement current experiment was conducted. The factors were: two levels of 200 and 220 bar hydraulic pressures in CFB machinery, three levels of 5, 17 and 30 sec dwell time along with two particle sizes (alfalfa hay and wheat straw) of short (average 10 mm) and long (average 30 mm) using forage to concentrate ratio of 45:55. Complete feed blocks with long or short particles with press pressure of 220 bar and dwell time of 30 sec had higher durability andCFBs with long or short particles with press pressure of 220 bar and dwell time of 17 sec had minimum and maximum of particles abscission, respectively (P<0.05). There was a linear relationship between the durability and density of CFBs (P=0.001, r=0.74). With increasing the hydraulic pressure, the evaporation percent of moisture in the blocks containing long particles increased (P<0.05), resulted in non-proliferation of mold colonies after 35 days of storage; but corresponding parameter in the blocks containing short particles decreased and hence the number of visible mold colonies increased (P<0.05).It can be concluded that, in term of durability percentage and storage capability of CFBs, blocks manufacturing with an average 10 and 30 mm under mentioned conditions of pressure and dwell time was not suitable and it seems blocks under conditions of an average forage particle size of more than 10 and less than 30 mm, but hydraulic pressure of 220 bar and dwell time of 5 seconds could be optimum.
Volume 18, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 687-696
Abstract
This research was conducted to study genetic and phenotypic relationships between growth curve parameters in Mehraban sheep. The data set used in this study were obtained from the Agricultural Organization of Hamedan province and comprised 35414 body weight records from birth to 365 days of age during ...
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This research was conducted to study genetic and phenotypic relationships between growth curve parameters in Mehraban sheep. The data set used in this study were obtained from the Agricultural Organization of Hamedan province and comprised 35414 body weight records from birth to 365 days of age during 2001to 2011. Parameters of Brody growth model were studied which included A (asymptotic mature weight or average mature weight of animal), B (proportion of asymptotic mature weight to weight gain as a percent of mature weight) and K (growth rate until reaching to mature weight). Fixed factors affecting on growth curve parameters were identified using the GLM procedure of SAS software. The model of genetic analysis included direct genetic effect, maternal genetic effect, maternal permanent environmental effect and covariance between direct genetic and maternal genetic effects. To estimate genetic relationship between growth curve parameters, Bayesian method based on Gibbs sampling was used. Direct heritabilities for growth curve parameters of A, B and K were 0.29, 0.63 and 0.27, respectively. Direct genetic correlation between A and B was positive and high (0.58), which indicates that these traits are aligned with each other while the correlations between B and K (-0.69) and between A and K (-0.54) were negative. The results indicated that improvement of growth curve parameters of Mehraban sheep is possible in selection programs. Therefore, it is worthwhile to propose an optimum selection strategy for obtaining appropriate growth curve in Mehraban sheep through changing genetically the model parameters.
tahereh mohammadabadi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 789-802
Abstract
In this experiment, the effect of oak kernel on digestibility, rumen fermentation and some blood parameters of Arabi sheep and Najdi goat were investigated. In this research, oak kernel (63%) was used for feeding six Arabi sheep and six Najd goats with the mean live weight of 50 ± 3 Kg for 28 ...
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In this experiment, the effect of oak kernel on digestibility, rumen fermentation and some blood parameters of Arabi sheep and Najdi goat were investigated. In this research, oak kernel (63%) was used for feeding six Arabi sheep and six Najd goats with the mean live weight of 50 ± 3 Kg for 28 days, and digestibility and fermentation, rumination and some blood parameters were measured. Obtained data were analyzed in split plots design. The results showed that dry matter intake and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were not affected by treatment and type of livestock. Regardless of the type of livestock, dry matter intake and crude protein digestibility in control treatment was significantly higher and regardless of the type of treatment, the digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fibre of goat was higher than sheep (P<0.05). The ammonia nitrogen and pH of rumen between control and oak treatments for goats and sheep was almost the same. Time to eating, rumination and chewing for dry matter, NDF and crude protein between control and oak diets in sheep and goats was not different. Feeding the livestock with oak had no significant effect on the amount of blood glucose, urea nitrogen, cholesterol and triglycerides in sheep and goats. The results of this experiment showed that 63% oak fruit could be used in diet of Najd goat and Arabi sheep.
Ahmad Afzalzadeh; Mohsen Absalan; seyed davood sharifi; Ali Akbar Khadem; Davoud Ghandi
Volume 13, Issue 1 , September 2011, , Pages 41-48
Abstract
To study the effects of various levels of whole cottonseed (WCS) on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters, an experiment in completely randomized design (CRD) with four diets containing zero, four, eight and 16 percent WCS on 20 Zandi male lambs with initial average weight 30.4 ± ...
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To study the effects of various levels of whole cottonseed (WCS) on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters, an experiment in completely randomized design (CRD) with four diets containing zero, four, eight and 16 percent WCS on 20 Zandi male lambs with initial average weight 30.4 ± 1.8 kg and 5-6 months old for 90 days was performed. Energy and chemical composition of rations were similar. In comparison of control diet with diets contain WCS in aspect of feed intake, feed conversion ratio, the percent of the carcass and also abdominal fat was significant difference (P< 0.01). The effect of diet on concentration of blood parameters was significant (P< 0.01). Glucose concentration with increasing of WCS in diet was decreasing, whereas concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride in blood increased linearly. This experiment showed that the WCS could be included up to eight percent of the fattening male lamb’s diet.
Ali Nabizadeh
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 49-60
Abstract
This experiment was conducted for determining the best level of substitution of fish meal with blood meal in broiler chicks. In a three × five factorial experiment with three sources of blood meal (blood meals of Mashhad, Yasoj and Talesh) and five levels of substitution (zero, 30, 40, 50 and 60 ...
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This experiment was conducted for determining the best level of substitution of fish meal with blood meal in broiler chicks. In a three × five factorial experiment with three sources of blood meal (blood meals of Mashhad, Yasoj and Talesh) and five levels of substitution (zero, 30, 40, 50 and 60 percent). A Total of 600 one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to 15 treatments with each treatment having four replicates. The results indicated that there were not significant difference between sources of blood meal on the weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate and percent of breast, thighs and abdominal fat. All the carcass traits were expressed as percentages of live weights. Levels of substitution had significant effect (P< 0.05) on weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate. 30 percent substitution had the most feed intake that its difference was significant (P< 0.05) with other treatments. Least feed intake was for 50 percent substitution that its difference was significant (P< 0.05) with other treatments. Most weight gain was for 30 percent substitution which except with 40 percent substitution represented a significant difference (P< 0.05) with other treatments. Type of blood meal and level of substitution and interaction between them had not any significant effect on percent of breast, two thighs and abdominal fat. These results demonstrated that 50 percent substitution of fish meal protein with blood meal of Mashhad improved feed conversion ratio in broiler chicks. Therefore, 50 percent substitution of Mashhad blood meal is recommended.
babak enayati; Ghodratollah Rahimi
Volume 14, Issue 1 , September 2012, , Pages 49-57
Abstract
The transforming growth factor B (TGFB) subfamily is one of the most important groups of genes that are involved in development of growth and cell differentiation. In order to detect polymorphism in TGFB3 loci, blood samples were collected randomly from 160 breeder hens of Mazandarn native fowls breeding ...
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The transforming growth factor B (TGFB) subfamily is one of the most important groups of genes that are involved in development of growth and cell differentiation. In order to detect polymorphism in TGFB3 loci, blood samples were collected randomly from 160 breeder hens of Mazandarn native fowls breeding station. DNA was extracted using modified salting out method and a DNA fragment of 295 bp from TGFB3 loci was amplified (part of intron 3, exon 4 and small part of intron 4) using a specific primer pairs. The digested amplified fragment with BsiYI enzyme revealed two + and – alleles with the frequency of 0.8037 and 0.1961, respectively. The frequencies of "+/+", "+/-" and "-/-" genotypes were estimated at 0.6645, 0.2784 and 0.0569, respectively in studied population. The statistical analysis showed that the existence of one + allele in the genotypes significantly (P ? 0.05) increased the means of body weight at one day and eight week of age in comparison with "-/-" genotype which indicates the importance of this allele in body weight gain in chickens. It can be concluded that the studied marker site, together with the other documented variants in TGFB3 locus, can be very useful to obtain a better understanding of the genetic control of growth rate in chickens.
Mohammad Mehdi Moeini; Mojgan Azari Torbat; hamid Amanlou
Volume 12, Issue 2 , October 2010, , Pages 51-59
Abstract
15 Holstein cows (1st lactation, 554 ± 57 Kg) randomly divided into three groups. Cows fed Vicia ervilia seed at the rate of 0%, 7% and 14%, DM of dietary, which replaced with Soya been meal and barely. Vicia ervilia (VE) contain approximately: 93.93% DM, 22.8% CP, 5.95% Ash, 3.02% EE, 63% NFE, ...
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15 Holstein cows (1st lactation, 554 ± 57 Kg) randomly divided into three groups. Cows fed Vicia ervilia seed at the rate of 0%, 7% and 14%, DM of dietary, which replaced with Soya been meal and barely. Vicia ervilia (VE) contain approximately: 93.93% DM, 22.8% CP, 5.95% Ash, 3.02% EE, 63% NFE, 5.23% CF, 15.01% NDF and 6.13% ADF. The effective ruminal degradability of CP and DM of VE amounted to 74.76% and 70.57% respectively. Milk production increased in 14% group compared with control (P< 0.05). The values of urea nitrogen in treated cows were significantly increased (P< 0.05). The result of this study indicated that the Vicia ervilia can be used as a protein source replaced with Soya been at the 14% level in dairy cows ration during lactation period after partition.
F. Khosravi; M. H. Fathi Nasri
Volume 14, Issue 2 , January 2012, , Pages 51-61
Abstract
The fresh Pomegranate seed pulp (PSP, containing 47.5 percent dry matter) was ensiled within plastic buckets (three kg weight) for 70 days and then chemical composition, phenolic compounds concentration and DM ruminal degradability parameters and ruminal, post-ruminal and total tract digestibility of ...
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The fresh Pomegranate seed pulp (PSP, containing 47.5 percent dry matter) was ensiled within plastic buckets (three kg weight) for 70 days and then chemical composition, phenolic compounds concentration and DM ruminal degradability parameters and ruminal, post-ruminal and total tract digestibility of DM were measured. The results showed that ensiling significantly decreased total phenolic compounds, total tannins, gallic acid, tannic acid, penicillin and punicalagin A content of PSP but condensed tannins, ellagic acid and punicalagin B content were not affected by preservation method. DM ruminal degradability parameters, rapidly and slowly potentially degradable fractions and effective degradability on passage rate of 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 per h were not significantly affected by treatments but ensiling increased the ruminal and total tract digestibility of DM and decreased the DM degradability rate constant and DM post-ruminal digestibility. Based on the results of this study ensiling could improve the nutritional value of PSP.
Sayed Abdoullah Hosseini; Morteza Kouchakzade Malari; Hamid Reza Sydabadi
Volume 17, Issue 1 , April 2015, , Pages 51-58
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the share of cost factors affecting on final cost of broiler live weight per kilogram in Tehran province. Data were collected through questionnaires. Farms were divided to three cost ranges: less than 35,000, between 35,000 to 40,000, and over 40000 Rails based on ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the share of cost factors affecting on final cost of broiler live weight per kilogram in Tehran province. Data were collected through questionnaires. Farms were divided to three cost ranges: less than 35,000, between 35,000 to 40,000, and over 40000 Rails based on production cost per kg of live weight. In this study, water and additives, staff, vaccines, transportation, laboratory, chicks, feed, insurance, letter, personal cost and fuel were investigated.Share of cost-effective price per kilogram of broilers by using a multi-criteria decision analysis were determined. Performance parameters, including body weight and feed conversion ratio were not different among three groups (P>0.05). Water and additives, staff, vaccines and fuel were the factors that influenced the difference among the three groups, so they made a significant difference in final live weight cost. Insurance and feed had the lowest effects on final price. The group with over 40000 Rails cost for kg of live weight production had less productivity of cost factors. In conclusion, in order to reduce production costs in poultry farms should consider the entire costs factor. For example, the food and insurance costs are the highest and lowest total cost of production that had a minor role in the creation of a difference between different groups of broiler cost in this study.
Shahnaz Ebrahiminejad; Heshmatollah Khosravinia; Masoud Alirezaei
Volume 16, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 53-62
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect ofadministration of Satureja khuzistanica essential oil (SkEO) in drinking water on performance, lipid oxidation, activity of antioxidative enzymes and cholesterol content of thigh meat using 720 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks. The SkEO was added ...
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This study was carried out to investigate the effect ofadministration of Satureja khuzistanica essential oil (SkEO) in drinking water on performance, lipid oxidation, activity of antioxidative enzymes and cholesterol content of thigh meat using 720 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks. The SkEO was added into drinking water at zero (control-), 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/L along with a treatment consisting polysorbate-80 (control+) at 500 mg/L. Inclusion of SkEO in drinking water significantly decreased water intake and improved production efficiency index of the birds during days one to 42 of age (P<0.05). The concentration of thiobarbitoric acid reactive substances in thigh meat was significantly decreased by SkEO-treated water (P<0.05). Addition of SkEO into drinking water significantly decreased superoxide dismutase as well as glutathione peroxidase activity in raw thigh meat of the birds (P<0.05). Catalase activity was not influenced by SkEO-added water (P>0.05). Lipid content and cholesterol level in thigh meat was significantly decreased in the birds received 500 and 200 to 400 mg/L SkEO through drinking, respectively (P<0.05). It could be concluded that administration of Satureja khuzistanica essential oils into drinking water at minimum 200 mg/L promoted meat lipid stability. Cholesterol levels of thigh meat decreased by SkEO at 200 to 500 mg/L.
Mohammad Hosein Shahir; Afshin Heidariniya; Hamidreza Taheri; Abdollah Hoseini
Volume 15, Issue 1 , July 2014, , Pages 55-64
Abstract
In order to determine the appropriate standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine requirement in growingmale turkey poults (28-49 day of olds), one hundred sixty birds were used in a completely randomizeddesign with eight treatments (8 levels of SID lysine: 1.15 (basal diet), 1.225, 1.3, 1.375, 1.45, ...
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In order to determine the appropriate standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine requirement in growingmale turkey poults (28-49 day of olds), one hundred sixty birds were used in a completely randomizeddesign with eight treatments (8 levels of SID lysine: 1.15 (basal diet), 1.225, 1.3, 1.375, 1.45, 1.525, 1.6,1.675 percent) in 4 replicates of 5 birds. Increasing of SID lysine levels increased body weight gain anddecreased feed conversion ratio. Dietary treatment of 1.6 percent SID lysine had the highest body weightgain and the lowest FCR compared to the basal diet (P<0.05). By using of broken line-linear ascending,quadratic polynomial and broken line- quadratic ascending models, SID lysine requirements for weightgain were 1.47±0.11, 1.57±0.04 and 1.49±0.05 and for FCR were 1.57±0.17, 1.61±0.02 and 1.59±0.08,respectively. In conclusion, SID lysine requirements for body weight gain ranged between 1.47 to 1.57and for FCR between 1.57 to 1.61 percent.
Amir Hossein Rezakhani; Younes Ali Alijoo; Kamran Rezayazdi
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 55-65
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the effects of two types of fatty acids-calcified salts on the performance of dairy cows in the transition period. In total, 32 multiparous Holstein cows with body weight mean of 723=39.9 kg in a 6-week time range (three weeks before until three weeks after ...
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This study was carried out to assess the effects of two types of fatty acids-calcified salts on the performance of dairy cows in the transition period. In total, 32 multiparous Holstein cows with body weight mean of 723=39.9 kg in a 6-week time range (three weeks before until three weeks after parturition) were assigned to treatments in a completely randomized design. There were four diets including control (without fat supplement), diet supplemented with unsaturated fat, diet supplemented with saturated fat and diet supplemented with both unsaturated and saturated fats. Fat supplements as calcium salts were applied at the level of 1.5% and 3% in the pre-partum and post-partum diets,respectively. Based on the results, it turned out that pre-partum DM feed intake, post-partum body weight and body condition score were not affected by the diets, whereas, post-partum DM feed intake appeared to be different (p < 0.05). In addition, the digestibility coefficient appeared to be different among pre- and post-partum trial diets (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed for blood parameters as well as milk yield and its composition. In conclusion, the results revealed that fat sources as calcium salt supplements can improve the digestibility of nutrients in the digestive system, without any adverse-effects on performance in dairy cows.
Ali Nazari; Hamed Ahmadi; Farid Shariatmadari
Volume 24, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 59-65
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the relationship between apparent digestibility of magnesium (Mg) with body weight, feed intake and phytase enzyme with 120 individual B-line Arian male broilers. Birds were assigned two standard diets and a diet supplemented with one gram of phytase (FTU / 500 ...
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This study was performed to investigate the relationship between apparent digestibility of magnesium (Mg) with body weight, feed intake and phytase enzyme with 120 individual B-line Arian male broilers. Birds were assigned two standard diets and a diet supplemented with one gram of phytase (FTU / 500 kg). Daily feed intake, weekly weight gain, feed conversion ratio during rearing and Mg digestibility were measured at 28 to 30 days. Using Gompertz model, growth rate (c), initial weight (b) and maximum growth potential (m) were analyzed. Growth rate and maximum growth potential were higher in the group consuming phytase enzyme (P <0.05). Weight gain and feed conversion ratio improved under the effect of phytase supplemented diets (P <0.05). Magnesium digestibility was higher in phytase enzyme diets than standard basal diets (P <0.05). The results showed that the modeled growth rate affected the Mg digestibility so that birds with higher growth rate (faster growth potential) had more potential for Mg digestion (P <0.05). The relationship between Mg digestibility and body weight gain was positive and the higher the Mg digestibility, the greater the weight gain (P <0.05). Birds with higher growth potential have the ability to digest more of the mineral Mg, and this digestibility is increased by the use of the phytase enzyme. Therefore, in the breeding programs of Arian chickens, more attention can be paid to the relationship between the use of magnesium and the growth rate parameter.
ali nazari; hamed ahmadi; farid shariatmadari
Volume 24, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 59-65
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the relationship between apparent digestibility of magnesium (Mg) with body weight, feed intake and phytase enzyme with 120 individual B-line Arian male broilers. Birds were assigned two standard diets and a diet supplemented with one gram of phytase (FTU / 500 ...
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This study was performed to investigate the relationship between apparent digestibility of magnesium (Mg) with body weight, feed intake and phytase enzyme with 120 individual B-line Arian male broilers. Birds were assigned two standard diets and a diet supplemented with one gram of phytase (FTU / 500 kg). Daily feed intake, weekly weight gain, feed conversion ratio during rearing and Mg digestibility were measured at 28 to 30 days. Using Gompertz model, growth rate (c), initial weight (b) and maximum growth potential (m) were analyzed. Growth rate and maximum growth potential were higher in the group fed phytase enzyme (P <0.05). Weight gain and feed conversion ratio improved under the effect of phytase supplemented diets (P <0.05). Magnesium digestibility was higher in phytase enzyme diets than standard basal diets (P <0.05). The results showed that the modeled growth rate affected the Mg digestibility, so that birds with higher growth rate (faster growth potential) had more potential for Mg digestion (P<0.05). The relationship between Mg digestibility and body weight gain was positive and with increasing Mg digestion, weight gain improved (P<0.05). Birds with higher growth potential have the ability to digest more Mg, and this digestibility is increased by the use of the phytase enzyme. Therefore, in the breeding programs of Arian chickens, more attention can be paid to the relationship between the use of Mg and the growth rate parameter.
Alireza Chegeni; Behrouz yarahmadi; Mohammad Shahvardi; Mohsen Mohamadisaei; Mirhasan Biranvand; alireza aghashahi; Hassan Fazaeli; amin kazemizadeh
Volume 25, Issue 1 , April 2023, , Pages 59-69
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fodder beet on performance, carcass traits and blood parameters of fattening male lambs. 32 fattening male lambs with an initial weight of 28.05 ± 0.25 kg by using a completely randomized block design with four treatments and four blocks ...
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fodder beet on performance, carcass traits and blood parameters of fattening male lambs. 32 fattening male lambs with an initial weight of 28.05 ± 0.25 kg by using a completely randomized block design with four treatments and four blocks for 84 days were fed with experimental diets including control (zero), 10, 20 and 30% fodder beet with the ratio 60% of the concentrate and 40% of the fodder as total mixed ration twice a day. During the experiment period, there was no significant difference in the weight of the lambs among the control group and the groups in which different levels of fodder beet were used in their diets. There was no significant difference in average daily gain among all groups except for the lambs fed with 20% fodder beet diet. In the group that received 30% fodder beet, the feed intake (DM/d) was the lowest compared to other groups (P<0.05). No significant difference in the feed conversion ratio among the experimental groups was observed. There was no difference in slaughter weight, empty-body weight, hot and cold carcass weight, carcass traits and carcass dressing percentage of lambs among different groups (P>0.05). The experimental treatments had no effect on the biochemical characteristics of lambs blood, but fodder beet intake increased blood hemoglobin (P<0.05). Based on the results, fodder beet up to 30% could be used in fattening lamb diets without negative effect on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters.
Omid Afsarian; Mohamad Hosein Shahir; Hoshang Lotpholahian; Abdolah Hoseini; Naser Mousavi; Amir Akhlaghi
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 61-73
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of thyroxin in ovo injection and post hatch arginine feed supplementation on performance and cold tolerance acquisition in broilers. In experiment 1, a total of 2400 hatchings eggs were randomly assigned to four treatments: Positive controls (intact ...
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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of thyroxin in ovo injection and post hatch arginine feed supplementation on performance and cold tolerance acquisition in broilers. In experiment 1, a total of 2400 hatchings eggs were randomly assigned to four treatments: Positive controls (intact or pricked with a needle), Negative control (intact egg), injected with distilled water and injected with thyroxin. In experiment 2, a total of 240 day old male broiler chicks from the intact and injected with thyroxin treatment groups were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial trial based on completely randomized design, with two level of injection (non-injection or injected with 65ng of thyroxin) and two type of diet (without Arginine or 5 kg/ton Arginine). In order to induce ascites in chicks, all of the chicks were exposed to 15°C from 14 to 42 d of age. The results showed that the second grade chicks and yolk sac weight were decreased (P<0.05) in thyroxine by in ovo injection. Ascites mortality rate, packed cell volume percent and red blood cell count were decreased (P<0.05) by thyroxine injection and arginine supplementation. In conclusion, these results show that in ovo injection of thyroxin and arginine feed supplementation improves the performance during exposure to cold environments.
Majid Abbasi; Mohammad Reza Abedini; Seyed Naser Mousavi
Volume 21, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 61-71
Abstract
Effects of stocking density and the type of material used as litter on production performance and economic parameters of broilers were investigated by using 2,016 day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks in a 3×2 factorial arrangement with three levels of birds placement density [PD; 10 (control), 14, and ...
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Effects of stocking density and the type of material used as litter on production performance and economic parameters of broilers were investigated by using 2,016 day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks in a 3×2 factorial arrangement with three levels of birds placement density [PD; 10 (control), 14, and 18 birds per square meter], and two types of bedding material [BM; wood shavings (control), and cardboard roll] based on a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications. The results showed that feed intake and weight gain of broilers with 10 birds density were significantly higher compared to 18, and 14 birds/m2 (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio of the birds that were raised on wood shavings was lower significantly in comparison with the birds grown on cardboard roll (P < 0.05). The highest values of economic indicators (benefit to cost ratio, and profit margin) were observed in PD 14 and then 18 birds/m2, both of which indicated a significant difference with the density of 10 birds/m2 (P < 0.01). Based on the results of current study, PD 14 birds/m2 in comparison with other PDs, by reducing the fixed costs of production, as well as numerical improvement in feed conversion can provide broiler farmers with more profit; moreover, cardboard roll with regard to its negative effect on feed efficiency cannot be used as an appropriate alternative for wood shavings.
Saifali Varmaghany; mohammad amir karimi turshizi; hoshang lotfulahian; hosang jafari; Mohammad Hossein nemati
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, , Pages 69-82
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of fresh whole garlic bulb (FGBP) on production index, immune system and carcass characteristics of Arian broiler strain, 592 male one day old chicks were studied during 42 days in two independent experiments. The first experiment was conducted under normal temperature ...
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In order to investigate the effect of fresh whole garlic bulb (FGBP) on production index, immune system and carcass characteristics of Arian broiler strain, 592 male one day old chicks were studied during 42 days in two independent experiments. The first experiment was conducted under normal temperature condition (NTC) with 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 21 birds per replicate and second experiment was conducted under cold temperature condition (CTC) with 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 16 birds per replicate basis balanced completely randomized design. The treatments were 1- basal diet without FGBP (control group), 2, 3 and 4 basal diet containing 0.5, 1 and 1.5 percent FGBP, respectively under both NTC and CTC. The highest level of body weight gain and production index were related to treatment of basal diet with 0.5 percent FGBP treatment under both NTC and CTC (P
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 71-82
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of energy density in dry period on subsequent milk production. Milk production and milk components of 2143 milking cows were used and NEl of the far-off and close-up period’s diets were 1.35, 1.45, 1.55, and 1.44, 1.54, 1.65 Mcal/kg of dry matter. ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of energy density in dry period on subsequent milk production. Milk production and milk components of 2143 milking cows were used and NEl of the far-off and close-up period’s diets were 1.35, 1.45, 1.55, and 1.44, 1.54, 1.65 Mcal/kg of dry matter. Descriptive statistics of herds were described. The results were showed as least square and standard error of means in early lactation (120 day) and whole lactation period. As energy density increased in the far-off and close-up periods, there was no difference in milk yield in early lactation period, but there was a linearly increase in whole lactation period (P < 0.05). Milk composition until 120 d didn’t changed with increasing energy density in the far-off diets, but milk fat percentage was linearly decreased (P < 0.05) in whole period by increasing dietary energy in far-off and until 120 d and whole lactation period (P < 0.05) by the close-up diets. There was a linearly increase in somatic cell count in early and whole period with increment energy density in the far-off and close-up diets. Generally, increasing energy density in dry period improved milk production and increased somatic cell count, and less milk fat content over lactation period might be independent of the dry period diet and it’s a function of length of lactation and milk amount.