Ghasem Khadem; Taghi Ghoorchi; Abdolhakim Toghdory; Katayoun Mehrani; Kamel Amozadeh Araee
Abstract
In order to investigate the use of non-steamed flaked and milled barley in Holstein suckling calves, 12 suckling female calves with an age of about 20-25 days and an average initial body weight of 44±2.7 kg were used. This research was conducted for 35 days with two treatments and six replications. ...
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In order to investigate the use of non-steamed flaked and milled barley in Holstein suckling calves, 12 suckling female calves with an age of about 20-25 days and an average initial body weight of 44±2.7 kg were used. This research was conducted for 35 days with two treatments and six replications. The treatments included: 1- starter diet containing milled barley, 2- starter diet containing non-steamed flaked barley. The results showed that calves received non-steamed flaked barley had better final weight, weight changes, daily weight gain, dry matter consumption and feed conversion ratio than calves received milled barley(P<0.05).there was a significant difference in the eating, rumination, and resting behavior of calves among the treatments received milled barley and non-steamed flaked barley(P<0.05); These factors increased with the consumption of milled barley. However, the fecal consistency score the number of calves with diarrhea, and the average number of days with diarrhea were not affected by the use of milled barley and non-steamed flaked barley, the results of the present study showed that the blood glucose concentration of calves received non-steamed flaked barley was higher (79.44 mg/dl) than of calves consuming milled barley (71.09 mg/dl) (P<0.05); But it had no significant effect on the concentration of triglyceride cholesterol, urea, total protein, albumin, globulin and their ratio, based on the results of this research, barley processing, as a non-steamed flaked barley, while increasing the initial ration consumption, daily weight gain, improved the final weight and also did not have a negative effect on blood parameters.
Maryam Mahmoodinejad; Bahram Shohreh; Zarbakht Ansari Pirsaraei; Soheil Yousefi
Abstract
Objective: The use of probiotics and medicinal plants as growth stimulants and alternatives to antibiotics in broiler diets helps prevent the growth of harmful intestinal bacterial, including coliforms, enhances resistance to pathogens, promotes the synthesis of antioxidants and antibacterials, stimulates ...
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Objective: The use of probiotics and medicinal plants as growth stimulants and alternatives to antibiotics in broiler diets helps prevent the growth of harmful intestinal bacterial, including coliforms, enhances resistance to pathogens, promotes the synthesis of antioxidants and antibacterials, stimulates local immunity, and improves immune system function. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of adding sea galangal (Alpinia officinarum) powder and probiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood cell population, caecal bacterial population, and ileum tissue morphology of Japanese quail under heat stress conditions
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted using 480 quail chicks in a completely randomized design with 24 experimental units, six treatments, and four replications. Experimental treatments included: 1. Control (basic diet without galangal powder or probiotics); 2. Basic diet with 50 mg of galangal powder; 3. Basic diet with 100 mg of galangal powder; 4. Basic diet with 50 mg of galangal powder + 0.2 g/kg lactofeed probiotic; 5. Basic diet with 100 mg of galangal powder + 0.2 g/kg lactofeed probiotic; 6. Basic diet with 0.2 g/kg lactofeed probiotic only. Performance traits (weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) of quail chicks were evaluated at 10, 20, and 35 days of age and over the whole period. Carcass parameters, blood cell populations, caecal bacterial populations, and ileum tissue morphology were also assessed.
Results: The use of galangal powder and probiotics significantly improved feed intake and feed conversion ratio under heat stress conditions. Carcass yield was higher in quail that received galangal powder + probiotics (P<0.05). The heterophil level and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocytes count in quail fed diets containing galangal powder and probiotics were lower than in the control group under heat stress conditions (P<0.05). The population of lactic acid bacteria in the cecum of birds fed diets containing galangal powder and probiotics was higher than in other treatments (P<0.05). Under heat stress conditions, the total bacterial population and the population of cecum coliforms were higher in the control treatment than in other experimental groups. Villus height, crypt thickness, and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in the ileum tissue were higher in birds fed 50 mg of galangal powder + 0.2 g/kg probiotic than in the control treatment under heat stress conditions (P<0.05); while the highest crypt depth was observed in birds fed the control treatment. The parameters of crypt diameter, inner muscle layer thickness, and outer muscle layer thickness of ileum tissue under heat stress conditions were not affected by any of the experimental treatments.
Conclusions: In conclusion, adding 50 mg of sea galangal powder + 0.2 g/kg lactofeed probiotics to the basal diet under heat stress conditions significantly improved carcass yield, bursa of Fabricius development, caecal bacterial population, blood cell counts, and ileum tissue morphology in Japanese quail
sara larki; alireza alborzi; javad jamshidian; Fatemeh Madankan
Abstract
Objective: Due to the development of resistance to common anthelmintic drugs, researchers are looking for efficient and cost-effective ways to combat parasitic infections. Nanoparticles are currently used for biomedical applications due to their nanoscale size and high reactivity. Given the high prevalence ...
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Objective: Due to the development of resistance to common anthelmintic drugs, researchers are looking for efficient and cost-effective ways to combat parasitic infections. Nanoparticles are currently used for biomedical applications due to their nanoscale size and high reactivity. Given the high prevalence of trichostrongylosis in small ruminants, any disruption in the development of the proparasitic stages can play an important role in the control and prevention of the disease. Nanoparticles, as a new, safe, cheap and available antiparasitic agent, can play an important role in reducing the incidence of gastrointestinal strongylosis in ruminants.
Method: A number of sheep feces samples were collected directly from the rectum of the animal and examined for parasitic infections with Strongyloides eggs using the fecal flotation method. Then, feces culture was performed on samples infected with Strongyloides eggs under appropriate temperature and humidity conditions for seven to 10 days. After 24 to 48 hours of cultivation, the first and second stage (L1 and L2) trichostrongylid larvae in the culture medium were collected using the Berman method and exposed to metal nanoparticle oxides such as aluminum, zinc, and iron in combination with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and once without DMSO. Also, the third stage (L3) trichostrongylid larvae were exposed to these nanoparticles after stool culture and isolation using the Berman method. Then, the mortality rate of each larva was examined and counted under a stereomicroscope according to their movement. Distilled water and albendazole were used as negative and positive controls of the experiments, respectively. In order to examine the ultrastructural surface of the larvae cuticle treated with nanoparticles, a number of L3 trichostrongylid larvae were prepared before exposure to nanoparticles and after exposure using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Results: The real mortality rates of L1 and L2 larvae treated with aluminum oxide at concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 mg/ml were 23.9, 44.66, and 70.85%, respectively, zinc oxide were 43.03, 51.30, and 95.92%, respectively, and iron oxide were 84.33, 42.96, and 48.98%, respectively. No mortality was observed in the treatment group exposed to metal nanoparticles in L3 larvae. In the scanning electron microscope images were observed the cuticular layer of L1 and L2 trichostrongylid larvae treated with iron oxide nanoparticles had a rough and wrinkled appearance compared to the smooth and uniform appearance of the normal larvae.
Conclusion: According to the results of present study, in order to the low price and availability of iron and zinc nanoparticles, can be widely used as a preventive agent against trichostrongylosis in small ruminants in pastures.