Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 213-222
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of glycogenic and/or lipogenic diets fed in Baluchi ewes treated with an estrus synchronization method to reduce delivery distance and improving reproductive parameters. Ninety heads of Baluchi ewes selected and randomly placed into three parallel groups. ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the effect of glycogenic and/or lipogenic diets fed in Baluchi ewes treated with an estrus synchronization method to reduce delivery distance and improving reproductive parameters. Ninety heads of Baluchi ewes selected and randomly placed into three parallel groups. Each ewe of group was fed in with three different diets based on the fat and starch sources. In order to do the estrus synchronization, all ewes were put CIDR in 30 day of the trial. After 14 days, they were removed, then four hundred IU eCG hormone were injected. As soon as estrus signals was observed, ewes were inseminated. Ultrasonography was done to observe the number of dominant follicle, CL and pregnancy diagnosis. After parturition, reproductive parameters like lambing and twining rate were analyzed. The most of examined ewes showed clearly estrus signals. The consequence of ovary sonography did not indicate significant effect in average of dominant follicles numbers among the experimental diets. The number of dominant follicles was increased significantly from time of estrus to artificial insemination. Ovulation, pregnancy and twining rate were considerably (P< 0.05) higher in glycogenic and glycogenic+lipogenic rations compared with lipogenic ration. Generally, the feeding of starch source alone and or along with low proportion of fat sources might improve the effect of estrus synchronization on reproductive performance of Baluchi ewes.
Seyede Asma Mousavi; Seyed Amir Hossein Mahdavi; Ahmad Riasi; Ali Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 321-333
Abstract
The effects of dietary inclusion of medicinal plants’ by-product mixture on performance, the relative internal organ weight, ileal microbial counts, and small intestinal and liver morphologic alterations in laying hens receiving different omega-6 to omega-3 ratios as a 2×3 factorial arrangements ...
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The effects of dietary inclusion of medicinal plants’ by-product mixture on performance, the relative internal organ weight, ileal microbial counts, and small intestinal and liver morphologic alterations in laying hens receiving different omega-6 to omega-3 ratios as a 2×3 factorial arrangements with three levels of plants’ by-product (zero, 2.5 and five percent) and two omega-6 to omega-3 ratios based on completely randomized design containing six treatments with four replicates of five birds each. Feeding low dietary omega-6 to omega-3 ratio to hens led to a significant increase in the relative spleen weight, the number and diameter of lamina propria lymphoid follicles and middle egg production percentage (P=0.05), and a reduction in the relative liver weight and hepatic fat percentage (P<0.05). Furthermore, dietary inclusion of plants’ by-product mixture improved villi height, the numbers and diameter of lamina propria lymphoid follicles, the number of goblet cells (P<0.05) as well as feed conversion ratio (P=0.08). Hepatic malondialdehyde concentration and ileal Escherichia coli population was decreased (P<0.01) in hens given plants’ by-product mixture. Therefore, our findings indicated that low dietary omega-6 to omega-3 ratio could improve egg production slightly, and administration of five percent of medicinal plants’ by-product mixture as a result of synergistic effect expressions could improve intestinal and hepatic health indices as well as feed conversion ratio in laying hens.
Masoume Manteghi; Morteza Mamouei; Saleh Tabatabaei Vakili; Jamal Fayazi; Khalil Mirzadeh
Volume 18, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 367-375
Abstract
The Effect of various amount of soybean lecithin replaced with egg yolk to protect the ram semen in times of one hour after semen collection, as well as 24 and 48 hours after the semen store at 5°C was evaluated. Semen was collected weekly for 8 weeks from 10 rams with 2-3 years old and average body ...
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The Effect of various amount of soybean lecithin replaced with egg yolk to protect the ram semen in times of one hour after semen collection, as well as 24 and 48 hours after the semen store at 5°C was evaluated. Semen was collected weekly for 8 weeks from 10 rams with 2-3 years old and average body weights of 64 kg. Semen samples were pooled and divided into 4 parts. Each part was diluted with one of the tris base extender containing 0.5, 1 and 1.5 percent of soybean lecithin and 14 percent of egg yolk. The motility, viability, morphological abnormalities and membrane integrity of spermatozoa and pH of semen were evaluated. The results showed that 1.5 percent of soybean lecithin improved the motility and viability of spermatozoa at the first time (P< 0.05). At the 48 hours after the semen store in 1 and 1.5 percent of soybean lecithin the sperm viability improved when compared with egg yolk treatment (P<0.05). Overall, soybean lecithin is the appropriate replacement with egg yolk and improved the semen quality in times of study. With regard to limitations of egg yolk using with animal source in ram extender, it was recommended to be using the soybean lecithin as the plant source.
amir attar; hasan kermanshahi; abolghasem golian
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 441-453
Abstract
The impact of the conditioning process (steam and dry) and processed sodium bentonite (SB) in pellet diet on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood metabolites of broiler chickens in growing period was investigated. For this purpose, 810 day-old male broiler chickens, Ross 308 strain were ...
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The impact of the conditioning process (steam and dry) and processed sodium bentonite (SB) in pellet diet on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood metabolites of broiler chickens in growing period was investigated. For this purpose, 810 day-old male broiler chickens, Ross 308 strain were used. A completely randomized experiment in a 3×3 factorial framework with three types of feed conditionings (without conditioning (dry), 2 minutes steam-conditioning and 4 minutes steam-conditioning) and three levels of sodium bentonite as a pellet binder (0, 0.75 and 1.5 percent) in with nine treatments and six replicates was explored. Processing form alone had a significant effect on the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio(P<0.05), so that the best feed conversion ratio was observed in two minutes of the steam processing (1.33) and 1.5% of sodium bentonite (1.39). The effects of processing, the level of sodium bentonite and their interactions was not significant on feed intake. The effect of processing type on cholesterol and HDL was significant, and the interaction effects of conditioning and G-bind showed a significant effect on serum VLDL of the birds (P<0.05) and the best VLDL was related to 0 minutes steam conditioning and without G-bind. Except for the relative weight of the liver, relative weight of any of the various parts of the carcass and inner organs were not affected by treatments. In general, the 2 minutes steam improves feed conversion ratio and performance of broilers in the growing period.
Mahdi Afra; Bahman Navidshad; Farzad Mirzaei Aghjeh Gheshlagh; Nemat Hedayat Ivarigh
Volume 18, Issue 3 , October 2016, , Pages 563-573
Abstract
This experiment was carried out using 200 Ross 308 broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The true metabolisable energy of the barley hulls were determined using cecectomized roosters.The dry matter, true metabolisable energy, ash, ether extracts, crude ...
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This experiment was carried out using 200 Ross 308 broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The true metabolisable energy of the barley hulls were determined using cecectomized roosters.The dry matter, true metabolisable energy, ash, ether extracts, crude protein, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, Ca and total P content of barely hulls were: 92%, 978 kcal/kg, 3.53%, 4.26%, 12.26%, 12.6%, 52.1%, 23.5%, 0.9% and 0.6%, respectively. The experimental diets were consisted of a control hulls free diet and four diets containing 0.75 or 1.5 percent barley hulls with particle sizes of less than 1 mm or between 1-2 mm. The barley hulls improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio and particularly the diet contained 1.5 percent barley hulls with particle size of 1-2 mm was more effective in this respect (P < 0.05). The same trend was observed in gizzard weight (P < 0.05). Dietary barley hulls improved dry matter, crude protein and ash digestibility (P < 0.05). All the barley hulls contained diets reduced feed cost per kg weight gain of broiler chickens, which could be a surprising finding. The results of the present study suggest that including barley hulls with 1-2 mm particle size at 1.5 percent of the diet could positively affect performance traits and feed cost of broiler chickens.
Morteza karami; Mohsen Bagheri
Volume 22, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 689-695
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to compare the feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Lori-Bakhtiari and Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari crossbreed lambs. Forty-four Lori-Bakhtiari lamb and Forty-four Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari lambs were used in a completely randomized design and using ...
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The aim of this experiment was to compare the feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Lori-Bakhtiari and Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari crossbreed lambs. Forty-four Lori-Bakhtiari lamb and Forty-four Romanov×Lori-Bakhtiari lambs were used in a completely randomized design and using a factorial method (2×2) during two consecutive years. The average daily gain and daily feed intake were determined by individual weaning of each animal and then feed conversion ratio was calculated. Carcass characteristics of lambs were measured. The results showed that average daily gain during fattening period (212.1vs. 179.6 g), final fattening weight (52.12 vs. 48.26 kg), feed intake, carcass weight and fat tail percentage in Lori Bakhtiari lambs were greater than Romanov× Lori Bakhtiari crossbred lambs. The average daily gain before weaning (298.4 vs. 266.8 g), the average daily gain during fattening period (217.2 vs. 161.9 g), and feed conversion ratio (7.62 vs. 9.75) in male lambs was better than female lambs (p < 0.05). Fat tail percentage and total carcass fat content in male lambs were higher than that of female lambs (p < 0.05). It is concluded that, Romanov×Lori Bakhtiari crossbred lambs had higher performance than Lori Bakhtiari lambs before weaning. However, fattening period performance and carcass weight in Bakhtiari lambs were higher compared to Romanov×Lori Bakhtiari crossbred lambs. In addition, energy spent per kg of carcass and live weights in Bakhtiari lambs was lower than Romanov×Lori Bakhtiari crossbreds. Therefore, it can be concluded that the indigenous Bakhtiari sheep breed is more useful for fattening than that of Romanov×Lori Bakhtiari crossbreds in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.
Bashir Ghasempour; Abolghasem Golian; Ahmad hassanabadi
Volume 19, Issue 3 , November 2017, , Pages 711-726
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of varying levels of digestible protein (DP) and dietary electrolyte balances (DEB) during the finisher period on performance, blood parameters and small intestine histology of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. A total of 500 mixed sex chickens ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of varying levels of digestible protein (DP) and dietary electrolyte balances (DEB) during the finisher period on performance, blood parameters and small intestine histology of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. A total of 500 mixed sex chickens (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design as a 2×5 factorial arrangement with two levels of DP (%16.5 and %19) and five levels of DEB (150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 meq/kg of diet)with five replicates of 10 birds each during the finisher period. The chicks were exposed to heat stress of 32±2 °C for eight hours/day during 28-42 days of age. Increasing DP levels did not have a significant effect on weight gain under heat stress during the finisher period. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chickens fed 16.5% DP diet was significantly more than 19% DP fed birds (P<0.05). The highest weight gain and lowest FCR were observed in chickens fed 200 mEq/kg of diet EBD which were significantly different only with 300 and 150 mEq/kg EBD treatments. The highest weight gain was observed in broilers fed diet containing 16.5% DP and 200 mEq EBD. Broilers fed diet containing 19% DP in compare to those fed 16.5% DP had lower plasma triglycerides and higher total protein, creatinine, and uric acid contents. Increasing digestible protein from 16.5% to 19% had no significant effect (P>0.05) on small intestine morphology. Diet containing 250 mEq/kg of diet EBD significantly (P<0.05) increased villi surface of small intestine in chickens suffering heat stress. It is concluded that, feeding of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress during the finishing period with diet containing 16.5% digestible protein and 200 mEq/kg dietary electrolyte balances is recommendable.
Volume 18, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 801-810
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with hempseed meal in diet on performance, egg quality and blood parameters in laying hens. A total of 200 Hy-line 102 wks laying hens were randomly allotted to 25 cages in 5 dietary treatments with 5 replicates (8 birds each ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with hempseed meal in diet on performance, egg quality and blood parameters in laying hens. A total of 200 Hy-line 102 wks laying hens were randomly allotted to 25 cages in 5 dietary treatments with 5 replicates (8 birds each replicate). This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments involved different ratio of soybean meal to hempseed meal protein source including 1) ratio of 100: 0 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal (control); 2) ratio of 75: 25 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal; 3) ratio of 50: 50 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal; 4) ratio of 25: 75 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal; and 5) ratio of 0: 100 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal. Egg production, egg mean weight and feed intake in the birds fed diet contained ratio of 0: 100 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal were higher than control diet (P<0.05). Albumin height (Haugh unit), yolk color index, yolk weight percentage and shell weight percentage were ameliorated when hens fed diets the highest protein ratio of hempseed meal compared with the control group. Using hempseed meal in diets decreased (P<0.05) the cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein with low density as compared with the control group. It can be concluded that replacing of 75 % and 100% of hempseed meal to soybean meal may improve the performance, egg quality of post molting layer and decrease the serum LDL and cholesterol of laying hens.
Morteza Rezaei; Nima Eila
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 929-939
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of pigments extracted from Red bell Pepper with the synthetic pigments (Canthaxanthin) on performance and egg quality of laying hens. A total of 64 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens at 75 weeks of age, were randomly divided into four equal groups each with 4 replications. ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of pigments extracted from Red bell Pepper with the synthetic pigments (Canthaxanthin) on performance and egg quality of laying hens. A total of 64 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens at 75 weeks of age, were randomly divided into four equal groups each with 4 replications. A completely randomized design with 4 treatment and 4 replications in each treatment was conducted to study the effects of 4 treatments including: 1- control diet (without addition of any pigments), 2- control diet + 25 mg/kg synthetic red Canthaxanthin pigments, 3- control diet + 15 mg/kg extracted pigments from red bell pepper, and 4- control diet + 30 mg/kg extracted pigments from red pepper. Extraction of pigments from red pepper was carried out using Hexane solvent and subsequently saponified by KOH. The results showed that egg production and egg quality were not affected by any of the treatments but the index of yolk color was significantly higher in laying hens fed either natural or synthetic pigments compared to control (P<0.01). The oxidative stability of yolk’s lipids in the eggs stored at 18oC for 21 days, was significantly improved in the hens received red pepper pigments (P<0.05). It was concluded that synthetic pigments in the diet of laying hens can be substituted with 30 mg/kg natural pigments extracted from red bell pepper.
Volume 17, Issue 1 , April 2015, , Pages 1-7
Parisa Yazdanshenas; Raana Jahanbin; Abdoullah Mohammadi Sangcheshmeh; Mehdi Aminafshar; Hossein Vaseghi Dodaran; Hamid Varnaseri; Mohammad Chamani; Mohammad Hassan Nazaran
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 173-181
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentration of zinc nano-complex on bull spermatozoa quality and pregnancy outcome after freeze-thawing process. Ejaculates were collected from four Holstein bulls, twice a week during four weeks. Semen samples diluted with Bioxcell extender containing ...
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentration of zinc nano-complex on bull spermatozoa quality and pregnancy outcome after freeze-thawing process. Ejaculates were collected from four Holstein bulls, twice a week during four weeks. Semen samples diluted with Bioxcell extender containing zero (Control), 10-6, 10-5, 10-4, 10-3 and 10-2 M of zinc nano-complex. The samples were then freezed-thawed after 72 hours. Motility of sperm was analyzed using computer assisted sperm analysis. The highest and lowest concentrations of zinc nano-complex along with control group were analyzed for the DNA fragmentation, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, mitochondrial activity, and pregnancy outcomes. The proportion of the total and progressive motile spermatozoa and the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA were not different among the groups. However, the groups containing 10-6 and 10-2 M zinc nano-complex had a lower level of MDA concentration and higher activity of mitochondria. Moreover, the pregnancy outcome was not affected by the treatment with zinc nano-complex. In conclusion, our data revealed that supplementation of bull semen Bioxcell extender with zinc nano-complex can decrease the level of MDA and improve mitochondrial activity, although such an improvement was not reflected in results of fertility rates.
Hassan Lakzaie; Farzad Ghanbari; Javad Bayat Kouhsar; Ashoor Mohammad Gharehbash
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 173-185
Abstract
This research was conducted in order to compare the blood parameters and fattening performance of Zel and Dalagh breeds male lambs (three to four months old), and their crossbred with Romanov in different thermal-humidity conditions. Fattening trial was conducted in Gonbad kavous with four ...
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This research was conducted in order to compare the blood parameters and fattening performance of Zel and Dalagh breeds male lambs (three to four months old), and their crossbred with Romanov in different thermal-humidity conditions. Fattening trial was conducted in Gonbad kavous with four treatments and six replicates for 84 days from mid-August to early November. Based on the temperature-humiity index (THI), the lambs were under very severe and severe of heat stress up to 8th weeks of trial, followed by non-stress conditions (THI index of 25.6 and above that, 23.3 up to less than 25.6 and less than 22.2 respectively). In the very severe heat stress condition, the performance of treatments was the same. In the severe heat stress, the performance of Dallagh lambs and their crossbred with Romanov was better than Zel and Zel-Romanov crossbred (P<0.05). In un-stress conditions, performance traits in Zel Romanov crossbred was lower than other treatments (P<0.05). Glucose and cholesterol concentration were lower when the lambs were in heat stress condition than normal time (P<0.05). Unlike, blood urea concentration in heat stress condition was higher than lack of stress time (P<0.05). Concentrations of nonstratified fatty acids (NEFA) in the middle period of experiment, during severe heat stress, were higher than those of very severe and nonstress periods. In whole of fattening trial period, all of the breeds had lower performance than expected, indicating the effects of heat stress on them. Totally, Dalagh breed lams had better fattening performance than Zel and their crossbred with Romanov, especially under very severe heat stress condition.
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 223-232
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different levels of Saturieja khuzistanica powder on the histomorphometric of testis, 36 native roosters (40 week age and BW 2039±293gr) was used. Three levels of Saturieja khuzistanica powder (0, 20 and 40g/kg) over 8 weeks was added to base diet. After ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different levels of Saturieja khuzistanica powder on the histomorphometric of testis, 36 native roosters (40 week age and BW 2039±293gr) was used. Three levels of Saturieja khuzistanica powder (0, 20 and 40g/kg) over 8 weeks was added to base diet. After eighth weeks, roosters were slaughtered and testes were removed from abdominal cavity. Tissue sections of testis after stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin were used to measure number of primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, Sertoli cells, number of tubules and testicular vessels using optical microscope. In treatment with 40gr Saturieja khuzistanica powder per kg diet, number and density of vessels in testicular section were decreased compared to the control group (P< 0.05). According to these results, adding 40 gr/kg Saturieja khuzistanica powder to diet will maintain Sertoli cells and also increase primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte and spermatid in comparison with the control group.
Nader Papi; Farokh Kafilzadeh; Hasan Fazaeli
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 335-345
Abstract
This research was assigned to study the top crop yield potential and nutritive value of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), using a completely randomized designed with three treatments and four replications. The forage was cut at three growing stages where plant high, fresh and dry forage yield ...
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This research was assigned to study the top crop yield potential and nutritive value of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), using a completely randomized designed with three treatments and four replications. The forage was cut at three growing stages where plant high, fresh and dry forage yield and leave/steam ratio were recorded. First and second cut were made when the plant heights were 100-150 and 150-200 cm, respectively. Forage from the third cut was at the early bloom stage (200-250cm). Then the cuts were chopped and sampled and nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility of the samples were determined. The amount of fresh and dry forage yield were 45.20 and 15.95 (ton/h) in first cut, and 64 and 29.85 (ton/h) in the last cut (flowering stage), respectively. Yield of second cut was significantly higher (p
Seyed Moones ـalali-Kheli Kohi; Mehrdad Mohammadi; Mohammad Roostaei-Ali Mehr
Volume 18, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 377-385
Abstract
Antioxidant effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) was studied on motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa and malondialdehyde production in 12 Ross 308 roosters at their 30 weeks of age. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage in 5 times. In each session after the initial ...
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Antioxidant effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) was studied on motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa and malondialdehyde production in 12 Ross 308 roosters at their 30 weeks of age. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage in 5 times. In each session after the initial sperm assessment, collected samples were pooled and diluted with Sexton extender.Samples were split into five parts and the concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 µg/mL OLE were added to each part, then,the samples were incubated for 72 hours at 4 degree Celsius. Progressive motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity were evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours of storage and production of malondialdehyde were analyzed after 48 hours of storage. Adding 100 µg/mL OLE to semen reduced malondialdehyde production (P<0.05). Using 100 µg/mL of olive leaf extract, progressive motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity of sperm were higher compared to the control group after 48 and 72 hours of storage (P<0.05). Using 200 µg/mL of olive leaf extract, progressive motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity of sperm were lower compared to the control group after 72 hours of storage (P<0.05). Based on the results of this research, adding 100 µg/mL OLE to diluent is recommended for rooster sperm storage at4 degree Celsius.
Hossein Moravej
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 455-466
Abstract
In order to determine the estimating equations of the apparent metabolisable energy corrected for the nitrogen (AMEn) in Iranian wheat cultivars and to compare these equations with the equation provided by NRC1994 as well as information of the NRC1994 table, two experiments were conducted. In the first ...
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In order to determine the estimating equations of the apparent metabolisable energy corrected for the nitrogen (AMEn) in Iranian wheat cultivars and to compare these equations with the equation provided by NRC1994 as well as information of the NRC1994 table, two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the regression equations predicting AMEn for broiler chickens at age 10 and 24 days were evaluated by using twelve different Iranian wheat cultivars in two consecutive crop years and corresponding chemical composition and their AMEn. In order to verify the authenticity and accuracy the results of first experiment, a second experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates and using 256 ten days-old chicks Ross308. Wheat AMEn in the second experiment was calculated using four methods: 1- NRC1994 Table 2- Regression equation provided by NRC1994 3- Biological methods in these study 4- Regression equations of the first trial. In the first experiment, regression equations used for predicting AMEn of wheat at 10 and 24 days of age were as follows: AMEn=37.289 NFE and AMEn=41.859 NFE. In the second experiment, the highest average live weight at 42 days belongs to the birds in fourth treatment (2542g) and lowest weight in first treatment (2266g). Traits related to performance in biological methods and equations obtained in the first experiment were better than the treatments derived from the regression equation by NRC and NRC tables (P<0.05). Our results suggest that applying the regression equations presented in the current study to estimate the AMEn of wheat is more accurate in formulating diet.
Essa Dirandeh
Volume 18, Issue 3 , October 2016, , Pages 575-582
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of five synchronization protocols, economically, in Holstein cows during heat stress. This experiment was conducted at a commercial dairy farm in summer 2015 (temperature humidity index 73–81). Five hundred Holstein dairy cows with ˃25 kg/d milk ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of five synchronization protocols, economically, in Holstein cows during heat stress. This experiment was conducted at a commercial dairy farm in summer 2015 (temperature humidity index 73–81). Five hundred Holstein dairy cows with ˃25 kg/d milk yield were randomly assigned to five experimental groups: 1) ovsynch; 2) presynch-ovsynch; 3) double ovsynch; 4) G7G-ovsynch and 5) PG7G-ovsynch. Results showed that synchronization rate was significantly lower in ovsynch compared to other protocols (P ˂ 0.05). Presynchronization of cows before initiation of ovsynch improved conception rates (CR) at 32 and 62 days (d) after AI compared to ovsynch protocol (P ˂ 0.05). According to the reproductive CR at 32 and 62 d after AI and pregnancy loss, it was found that G7G and PG7G were the best protocols compared to other protocols. The cost associated with the semen use per conception was highest at ovsynch and lowest at both G7G and PG7G protocols. Total costs per conception at 60 d after AI were lowest (1890000 rials) in G7G-ovsynch compared to other protocols. In conclusion, considering total costs associated with hormones and semen use per pregnancy, the G7G protocol is economically the most effective among the studied protocols.
Hossein Daghigh Kia; Zahra Blouki
Volume 19, Issue 3 , November 2017, , Pages 727-738
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of coenzyme Q10 on ram semen quality after the freezing-thawing process. Five Ghezel rams were used for sperm collection twice a week in five replicates. This experiment consisted of 5 treatments, coenzyme Q10 at four levels (0.5, 1, 2 and ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of coenzyme Q10 on ram semen quality after the freezing-thawing process. Five Ghezel rams were used for sperm collection twice a week in five replicates. This experiment consisted of 5 treatments, coenzyme Q10 at four levels (0.5, 1, 2 and 2.5 μmol) and control group (without antioxidant). In this study, motility, viability, membrane integrity, abnormality parameters of sperm, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity were measured following freeze-thawing. The results showed that the total motility in samples with 0.5 and 1 μM of coenzyme Q10 antioxidant was significantly higher than the control group (p< 0.05). Samples with 0.5 μM Coenzyme Q10 had the lowest percentage of abnormal sperm and lipid peroxidation level compared to the control group (p< 0.05). Viability, plasma membrane integrity and total motility were better in all treated groups compared to the control group (p< 0.05). The VCL, VSL and VAP parameters were improved in groups receiving 0.5, 1 and 2 μM coenzyme Q10 compared with the other groups (p< 0.05). The group receiving 2.5 μM coenzyme Q10 had the best impact on the superoxide dismutase activity than other groups. The results of this study showed that adding 0.5 and 1 μM Coenzyme Q10 improved some of the sperm parameters after the freezing-cracking process.
Elham Sarbaz; Bahman navidshad; Farzad Mirzaei Aghjegheshlagh
Volume 18, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 811-820
Abstract
The effect of peanut pod as insoluble fiber source in diets on growth performance, small intestine morphology and nutrient digestibility of broilers was evaluated. This study was conducted using 320 Ross-308 broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with four treatments diets (containing 0 (control), ...
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The effect of peanut pod as insoluble fiber source in diets on growth performance, small intestine morphology and nutrient digestibility of broilers was evaluated. This study was conducted using 320 Ross-308 broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with four treatments diets (containing 0 (control), 2.5, five or 7.5 percent peanut pod), with five replicates and 16 birds in each from 11 to 42 days of age. At the growth phase (11 to 24 d) dietary peanut pod decreased feed intake and feed conversion ratio, however, the birds that fed the diet containing 7.5 percent had higher daily weight gain (P<0.05). Peanut pod improved the digestibility coefficients of dry matter and ether extract and the diets containing 2.5 or 5.0 percent peanut pod had more organic matter digestibility than the control diet (P<0.05) Chicks that fed the diets containing 5.0 or 7.5 percent peanut pod, the villous was (P<0.05) longer than control birds. The results of present study suggest that using peanut pod up to 7.5 percent of diet did not adversely affect chickens growth performance and can improve feed conversion ratio at the grower phase.
Afsaneh Azdi; Nemat Ziaei; Sayyed Mehdi GHoreishi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 941-952
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of borage (Echium amoenum) powder on performance,nutrient digestibility and some blood parameters in heat stressed broiler chickens. A total of 160, one-day-old male broiler chicken (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 4 treatments ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of borage (Echium amoenum) powder on performance,nutrient digestibility and some blood parameters in heat stressed broiler chickens. A total of 160, one-day-old male broiler chicken (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 4 replicates, 10 chicks each, in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments consisted of: T1, basal diet (BD), T2, T3 and T4 were included BD plus 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kgBW boragepowder, respectively. The birds reared at the same condition till 24-day of age. The birds were kept at 34°C±2 (9.00am to 17.00; for 8 hours) from 25 to 42 days of age. Dietary supplementation of 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW) ofborage powder increased body weight gain and significantly improved FCR compared to that of basal diet (P<0.05). Inclusion of 1000 mg/kg BW borage powder significantly (P<0.05) increased protein digestibility. Addition of 500 or 2000 mg/kgBW borage powder significantly increased lipid digestibility (P<0.05). Supplementation of diet with 1000 mg/kgBW borage powder significantly reduced (P<0.05) heterophile to lymphocyte ratio and increased glutathione peroxidase activity (P<0.05). Inclusion of 1000 mg/kgBW borage powder significantly (P<0.05) reduced relative weight of bursa fabricious and pancreas in broiler chickens. It was concluded that supplementation of diet with 1000 mg/kgBW borage powder improved performance, protein and lipid digestibility and decrease negative impact of heat stress in broiler chickens.
Volume 17, Issue 1 , April 2015, , Pages 1-15
Mohammad Amin Namazizadegan; Malek Shakeri; Mahdi Zhandi; Mojtaba Zaghari; Ramin Shahabi
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 183-190
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of the guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplement on the semen freezability of broiler breeder roosters. Experiments were performed with twenty Ross commercial strain broiler breeder roosters in four treatments and five repeats in a complete randomized ...
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The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of the guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplement on the semen freezability of broiler breeder roosters. Experiments were performed with twenty Ross commercial strain broiler breeder roosters in four treatments and five repeats in a complete randomized design. Roosters were fed a diet containing 0% (control), 0.06%, 0.12% and 0.18% GAA supplement for eight weeks. Semen samples were collected weekly by abdominal massage. In order to equilibrate the temperature, semen samples were diluted with an extender and placed inside the refrigerator at 5 ° C. Samples were then packed into straws, exposed to nitrogen vapor and finally moved into liquid nitrogen containers. After freezing-thawing, the total and progressive motility, viability, morphology and membrane integrity of spermatozoa were assessed. The mean of total motility at the 0.12% and 0.18% levels were significantly higher than that of other groups (P
Arash Kheradmand
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 233-244
Abstract
In this study antioxidant effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) in comparison to vitamin C and E on chilled-stored (at 5 °C) bovine sperm was evaluated. The sperm samples collected from epididymis of ten Holstein bovine testis with 3-5 years old, and were diluted with egg yolk and sodium citrate containing ...
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In this study antioxidant effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) in comparison to vitamin C and E on chilled-stored (at 5 °C) bovine sperm was evaluated. The sperm samples collected from epididymis of ten Holstein bovine testis with 3-5 years old, and were diluted with egg yolk and sodium citrate containing 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml of OLE as well as 2 mg/ml vitamin E and C. Addition of OLE significantly reduced sperm motility (P<0.05). Vitamin E significantly improved sperm membrane integrity compared to the other groups (P<0.05). TBARS in 2 mg/ml of OLE treatment was significantly less than that in other treatments (P<0.05). The results showed that addition of OLE to bovine sperms stored at 5 ͦ C for 48 h negatively affected sperm motility despite of a decrease in lipid peroxidation, and therefore, it is not suitable extender to be used for bovine spermatozoa.
Moustafa Hajilou; Hamid Reza Mirzaei Alamouti; Mehdi Ganjkhanlou; Hamid Amanlou
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 347-358
Abstract
Four ruminally-cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square changeover design within periods of 21 days to evaluate effects of feeding frequency of different sources of rumen degradable nitrogen on total tract digestibility of nutrients, feeding behaviors, rumen and blood metabolites ...
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Four ruminally-cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square changeover design within periods of 21 days to evaluate effects of feeding frequency of different sources of rumen degradable nitrogen on total tract digestibility of nutrients, feeding behaviors, rumen and blood metabolites of Holstein cows. Treatments were: 1) control diet which was as total mixed ration (TMR) offered once daily in the morning (08:00), 2) control diet in which a part of its soybean was offered at 19:00, 3) control diet in which a part of its urea was offered at 19:00 and 4) control diet in which a part of its fish meal was offered at 19:00. Rumination time increased in cows fed twice daily with protein sources (P<0.05). Total tract digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were higher in cows received urea at the evening time. Total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber increased with feeding all sources of protein at the evening time (P<0.05). Molar proportion of volatile fatty acids, rumen pH and rumen ammonia concentration were not affected by feeding time of protein sources. The results indicated that increasing delivery of rumen degradable nitrogen sources improved dry matter and fiber digestibility and chewing activity of non-lactating Holstein dairy cows.
Hamed Kermani Moakhar; Saeed Zeinoldini; Armin Towhidi; Hamid Kohram
Volume 18, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 387-395
Abstract
Using melatoninin ewes of Iran black breed, this study aimed to compare the reproduction and production performances in lambing program of two and three times per years for duration of two years. A hundred ewes allocated to two parallel groups: Group A (ewes in three lambing managing system using melatonin) ...
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Using melatoninin ewes of Iran black breed, this study aimed to compare the reproduction and production performances in lambing program of two and three times per years for duration of two years. A hundred ewes allocated to two parallel groups: Group A (ewes in three lambing managing system using melatonin) and Group B (ewes in two lambing managing system without using melatonin). To induce the estrus synchronization of ewes of Group A, 40 days before their first and second mating, melatonin implant was placed under the ear skin of these animals. Due to the decrease of birth interval in Group A, ewes of this group were dried off two weeks before mating. The nutritional flushing and ram effect were used to improve the ovulation rate in Groups of A and B, before mating. Reproduction and production parameters including estrus, ovulation, pregnancy, lambing rates and lambs weight were compared between two groups during two years. Our results indicated that the reproductive and productive performance of Group A was higher in first mating as compared to their second and third mating. The ovulation, pregnancy, lambing rate and lambs weight during two year was higher in Group A in comparison to Group B. Collectively, our findings indicated that the ewe's production and reproduction performance in three lambing managing system with the use of melatonin were more efficient compared to the ewes in two lambing managing system without using melatonin.