Document Type : Research Paper
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with hempseed meal in diet on performance, egg quality and blood parameters in laying hens. A total of 200 Hy-line 102 wks laying hens were randomly allotted to 25 cages in 5 dietary treatments with 5 replicates (8 birds each replicate). This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments involved different ratio of soybean meal to hempseed meal protein source including 1) ratio of 100: 0 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal (control); 2) ratio of 75: 25 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal; 3) ratio of 50: 50 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal; 4) ratio of 25: 75 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal; and 5) ratio of 0: 100 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal. Egg production, egg mean weight and feed intake in the birds fed diet contained ratio of 0: 100 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal were higher than control diet (P<0.05). Albumin height (Haugh unit), yolk color index, yolk weight percentage and shell weight percentage were ameliorated when hens fed diets the highest protein ratio of hempseed meal compared with the control group. Using hempseed meal in diets decreased (P<0.05) the cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein with low density as compared with the control group. It can be concluded that replacing of 75 % and 100% of hempseed meal to soybean meal may improve the performance, egg quality of post molting layer and decrease the serum LDL and cholesterol of laying hens.
Keywords
- داوودی ج، گلزارادبی ش، حاجیاصغری س ی، مقدم غ و فرامرزی ع (1386) اثر سطوح مختلف کنجاله کلزا جایگزین سویا بر عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی. دانش نوین کشاورزی. 3(6): 38-27.
- حسینی واشان س ج، سریر ه، افضلی ن، ملکانه م، الله‌رسانی ع و اسماعیلی نسب پ (1389) اثر جیره‌های مختلف غذایی مرغ‌های تخم‌گذار بر شاخص‌های آتروژنز و ترومبوژنز زرده تخم‌مرغ. دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند. 17(4): 272-265.
- فرخوی م، سیگارودی ت و نیک‌نفس ف (1373) راهنمای کامل پرورش طیور (ترجمه). چاپ دوم، انتشارات کوثر. ص. 266-150.
- کوچکی ع، نصیری محلاتی م و نجفی ف (1383) تنوع زیستی گیاهان دارویی و معطر در بوم نظام‌های زراعی ایران. پژوهش‌های زراعی ایران. 2(2): 216-208.
- 5. Amerio M (1998) Chemical and nutritional evaluation of vegetable protein sources. 8th International Symposium on Nutrition and Feeding in Fish. Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, Spain. 145p.
- 6. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990) Official Methods of Analysis. 15thed. AOAC, Washington, DC. USA.
- 7. Baucells MD, Crespo N, Barroeta AC, Lopez-Ferrer S and Grashornt MA (2000) Incorporation of different poly un-saturated fatty acid into eggs. Poultry Science. 79: 51-59.
- 8. Callaway JC, Summers LK, Bradshaw H and Frayn KN (2002) Changes in LDL particle composition after the consumption of meal containing different amount and types of fat. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 76: 345-350.
- 9. Deferne JL and Pate DW (1996) hempseed oil: Asource of valuable essential fatty acids. Journal International Hempseed Association. 3: 4-7.
- 10. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA; 2011) Scientific opinion on the safety of hemp (Cannabisgenus) for use as animal feed. European Food Safety Authority Journal. 9(3): 1-41.
- 11. Fritsche KL, Cassity NA and Huang SC (1991) Effect of dietary fat source on antibody production and lymphocyte proliferation in chickens. Poultry Science. 70: 611-617.
- 12. Gakhar N, Goldberg E, Jing M, Gibson R and House JD (2012) Effect of feeding hemp seed and hemp seed oil on laying hen performance and egg yolk fatty acid content: Evidence of their safety and efficacy for laying hen diets. Poultry Science. 91: 701-711.
- 13. Goldberg EM, Gakhar N, Ryland D, Aliani M, Gibson RA and House JD (2012) Fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of table eggs from laying hens fed hemp seed and hemp seed oil. Journal of Food Science. 77: 153-159.
- 14. Halle I and Shone F (2013) Influence of rapeseed cake, linseed cake and hemp seed cakeon laying performance of hens and fatty acid composition of egg yolk. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety. 8: 185-193.
- 15. Health Canada (2010) Available at: www.healthcanada.gc.ca/hemp.
- 16. Food Agricultural organization (2013) http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QC/E.
- 17. Karimi H and Hayatghaibi H (2006) Effect of Cannabias sativa L. seed (Hempseed) on serum lipid and protein profiles of rat. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 5(6) 585-588.
- 18. Hosseini-Vashan SJ, Afzali N, Malekaneh M, Nasseri MA and Ressani A (2008) Effect of different levels of linseed and safflower seed on modifying yolk fatty acids content and antibody titter of laying hens. Journal of Animal Science Research. 1(2): 87-98.
- 19. Mensink RP and Katan MB (1992) Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins. A meta-analysis of 27 trials. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 12: 911-919.
- 20. Mustafa AF, Mckinnon JJ and Christensen DA (1999) The nutritive value of hemp meal for ruminants. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 79: 91-95.
- 21. Neijat M, Gakhar N, Neufeld J and House JD (2014) Performance, egg quality, and blood plasma chemistry of laying hens fed hempseed and hempseed oil. Poultry Science. 93: 2827-2840.
- 22. Parker TD, Adams DA, Zhou K, Harris M and Yu L (2003) Fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of cold-pressed edible seed oils. Journal of Food Science. 68: 1240-1243.
- 23. Silversides FG and Lefrançois MR (2005) The effect of feeding hempseed meal to laying hens. British Poultry Science. 46: 231-235.
- 24. Yaghobfar A and Boldaji F (2002) Influence of level of feed input and procedure on metabolisible energy and endogenusenrgy loss with adult cockerels. British Poultry Science. 43: 696-704.
)