Mohammad Hossein Nemati; Mohammad Hossein Shahir; Mohammad Taher Harakinezhad; Houshang Lotfollahian
Volume 15, Issue 1 , July 2014, , Pages 45-53
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin C (VC) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) onimmunity response of broilers in cold stress condition using 500 male chicks in a completely randomizeddesign with 5 treatments and five replicates. Treatments were: positive control (PC, normal conditionsgrowth ...
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This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin C (VC) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) onimmunity response of broilers in cold stress condition using 500 male chicks in a completely randomizeddesign with 5 treatments and five replicates. Treatments were: positive control (PC, normal conditionsgrowth without antioxidants), negative control (NC, cold stress without antioxidants), cold stress + VC(300 mg/kg diet), cold stress + CoQ10 (40 mg/kg diet) and cold stress + VC + CoQ10 at above mentioneddoses. To induce cold stress, from day 15 until end, temperature fixed at 15oC. Vaccine titers, humeraland cellular immune response and relative immune organs weight were studied. Results showed that coldstress decreased relative spleen weight but there was no significant difference between treatments.Relative weight of bursa was increased in cold stress condition (P<0.01) and using antioxidant especiallyCoQ10 decreased it (P<0.05). Lymphocyte percent decreased in cold stress (P<0.05). Improved cellmediatedimmune response to subcutaneous injection of phytohemagglutinin and proliferation of Tlymphocyte in vitro were observed (P<0.05). In conclusion, use of antioxidants VC and CoQ10 in the coldstress condition improved immune system activity and decreased mortality
Vahab Azimzadeh; Mehdi Dehghan banadaky; armin tohidi; ali assadi-alamouti
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 47-54
Abstract
Effect of different processing methods of corn grain were investigated in 36 Holstein suckling female calves (body weight = 38.2 ± 1.20 kg) on performance and blood and ruminal parameters. Treatments were whole corn, ground corn, cracked corn and steam-flaked corn. Starter diets were ...
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Effect of different processing methods of corn grain were investigated in 36 Holstein suckling female calves (body weight = 38.2 ± 1.20 kg) on performance and blood and ruminal parameters. Treatments were whole corn, ground corn, cracked corn and steam-flaked corn. Starter diets were mixed five percent of the chopped wheat straw and offered to calves from day 4. Milk was fed in a gradual step-up step-down method to all calves. Calves weaned at 71 days and total intake of starter and body weight of calves were measured until 84 days. Starter intake and ADG were significantly higher for cracked corn and steam-flaked corn than for ground corn and whole corn treatments in pre- and post-weaning and overall period (P≤0.01). At weaning and day 84, the average body weight of calves fed cracked corn and steam-flaked corn were significantly higher than those fed whole corn and ground corn treatments (P≤0.01). Treatments also affected serum protein of calves (P<0.05). According results of this study, feeding calves with cracked corn or steam-flaked corn increased feed intake and improved ADG and body weight through pre- and post-weaning periods.
ali kalantari hesari; mohammad reza asadi; mohammad babaei
Volume 24, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 47-58
Abstract
The effect of Betaplus probiotic in the diet on growth performance and histomorphometry of Japanese quail jejunum was investigated by using 288 broiler chicks with 6 treatments, 4 replications and 12 birds per each in a completely randomized design from 1 to 42 days of age. The experimental treatments ...
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The effect of Betaplus probiotic in the diet on growth performance and histomorphometry of Japanese quail jejunum was investigated by using 288 broiler chicks with 6 treatments, 4 replications and 12 birds per each in a completely randomized design from 1 to 42 days of age. The experimental treatments included: control group (without additives); three diets containing levels of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg of Betaplus probiotic; diet with deficient in protein, and diet with deficient in protein and contained 1 g/kg of Betaplus. Feed intake, and body weight gain were measured weekly and feed conversion ratio was calculated. At 42 days of age, two birds were randomly selected from each replicate and the traits related to carcass dissection were assessed. For histomorphometrical evaluation of the intestine, the jejunum samples were collected. The utility of Betaplus probiotic at level 1 g/kg improved food intake, weight gain, conversion factor and some histomorphometrical parameters of jejunum (P< 0.05). In birds were fed with level of 1.5 g/kg Betaplus, the villi thickness and crypt diameter and number of the goblet cells were decreased (P< 0.05). According to the results, the use of Betaplus probiotic at level 1 g/kg in the diet improves the growth performance and histological parameters of the jejunum in Japanese quail.
Zabihollah nemati; magsoud besharati; amir karimi
Volume 21, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 49-60
Abstract
The current research was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary addition of garlic powder, Cornerian cherry fruit powder (CH) and a mixture essential oil of castor and cashew nut shell (EO) on performance, egg quality and some blood parameters in commercial laying hens. One hundred and twenty-eight ...
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The current research was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary addition of garlic powder, Cornerian cherry fruit powder (CH) and a mixture essential oil of castor and cashew nut shell (EO) on performance, egg quality and some blood parameters in commercial laying hens. One hundred and twenty-eight 58-wk-old LSL laying hens were used in 4 treatments with 4 replicates and 8 birds per each in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets included: 1) Basal diet; 2) Basal diet +1% garlic powder; 3) Basal diet+1% CH and 4) Basal diet+0.15 percent EO. The experimental diets were fed from 59 to 63 weeks of age. The productive performance was recorded from 61 to 63 weeks of age and blood and egg yolk parameters measured at the end of the experimental period. There were no significant differences in laying hen performance among all treatments. Albumen height and Haugh unit was increased in CH compared to the control group (p<0.05). The blood cholesterol, HDL, triglyceride and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes did not show any significant difference among treatments. The garlic and CH powders significantly decreased egg yolk cholesterol concentration (p<0.05), however it was not significantly affected by the EO. Finally, it was concluded that addition of CH and garlic powder in the diet of laying hens could improve the egg quality and reduce yolk cholesterol concentrations.
Hassan Fazaeli; Alireza Aghshahi; Abdorreza Taimouri; Mohammad Khaki
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 51-60
Abstract
In order to study the effect of dietary physical form on the fattening performance of Holstein male calves, an experiment was conducted in Animal Science Research Institute of Iran in 2011. The experimental diets were formulated and prepared with two physical forms including total mixed ration (TMR) ...
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In order to study the effect of dietary physical form on the fattening performance of Holstein male calves, an experiment was conducted in Animal Science Research Institute of Iran in 2011. The experimental diets were formulated and prepared with two physical forms including total mixed ration (TMR) and densified complete feed block (DCFB). In a completely randomized block design, with two treatments and four blocks (initial weight of the animals), 24 Holstein male calves were fed with either of the TMR or DCFB rations. During a five month feeding trial, the animals fed ad-libitum where feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were recorded. The average feed intake were 8.1 and 8.4 kg for TMR and DCFB that were significantly (P<0.05) different between the treatments. The initial body weights were respectively 226 and 221 kg for the animals received TMR and DCFB, but the final weights were 361 and 373 kg, respectively that was higher (P<0.05) for the animals received DCFB. The average daily gain were 901 and 1016 g for TMR and DCFB respectively, which were significantly different (P<0.05) between the treatments. Feed conversion ratio were 9.0 and 8.3 for TMR and DCFB respectively that was significantly (P<0.05) lower in DCFB treatment. It is concluded that utilization of complete feed block improved feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in fattening calves.
Ali Reza salami; shoheil mirhabibi; mojtaba haghighat; hamid reza khodaei
Volume 25, Issue 1 , April 2023, , Pages 51-58
Abstract
The present experiment was performed to study the effect of slow-release urea on performance traits and some blood parameters of replacement ewe lambs during its replacement with cotton seed meal. The livestock included 16 heads of Afshari replacement ewe lambs. Treatments include: Control containing ...
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The present experiment was performed to study the effect of slow-release urea on performance traits and some blood parameters of replacement ewe lambs during its replacement with cotton seed meal. The livestock included 16 heads of Afshari replacement ewe lambs. Treatments include: Control containing cottonseed meal, treatment 1 contains 4 grams of slow-release urea in the daily diet (equivalent to 4.45% of dietary crude protein), treatment 2 contains 8 grams of slow-release urea in the daily diet (equal to 8.8% of dietary crude protein), treatment 3 contains 12 grams of slow-release urea in the daily diet (equal to 13.3% of dietary crude protein). The experimental duration included two weeks of acclimatization and forty days of fattening. The studied traits included functional traits and blood parameters. Functional traits included final body weight, feed intake, added daily gain and feed conversion ratio. Blood parameters included total serum protein, glucose, urea, AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, estrogen, albumin and LDL. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the four treatments in blood parameters. There was no significant difference in final body weight, feed intake, added daily gain and feed conversion ratio between the treatments. Based on the results, it is possible to use up to 12 grams of slow-release urea daily in the diet of ewe lambs without a negative effect on performance.
Alinaghi Shokri; Mohammad Akbari Gharaei; Saifali Varmaghany; Kamran Taherpour; Ali Khatibjoo; Mehdi Soltani
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, , Pages 55-68
Abstract
The effect of medicinal plant of Cynara scolymus (artichokes) were studied on ascites syndrome, systolic blood pressure and blood parameters in broiler chickens using a total of 400 one-day-old Ross 308 in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 20 chicks for each replicate, ...
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The effect of medicinal plant of Cynara scolymus (artichokes) were studied on ascites syndrome, systolic blood pressure and blood parameters in broiler chickens using a total of 400 one-day-old Ross 308 in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 20 chicks for each replicate, up to 42d under cold temperature condition. Experimental treatements were control (basal diet), antibiotic (basal diet plus 0.0015 percent antibiotic virginiamycin), aspirin (basal diet plus 0.2 percent aspirin powder) and two basal diets containing 1 and 2 percent artichoke powder. The results showed that feed intake and body weight were increased and feed conversion rate was decreased in artichoke powder received groups in comparison with other treatment (P
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 59-69
Abstract
Objective of this study was to investigate milk production cost, milk sale price and pricing system of Iran in comparison with other countries. To do this, production data and economic information gathered by news and information technology of Iranian poultry and livestock industries ( ITPNews), Animal ...
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Objective of this study was to investigate milk production cost, milk sale price and pricing system of Iran in comparison with other countries. To do this, production data and economic information gathered by news and information technology of Iranian poultry and livestock industries ( ITPNews), Animal Breeding Center of Iran, Iranian National Standards Organization, Iran Dairy Industries Society, International Dairy Federation and International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN) Dairy in 2015, were used. Ignoring milk protein, somatic cell count and temperature as well as occasional and inappropriate payment for milk fat and total bacterial count along with low base levels for standard milk fat (3.2) and protein (3.0) percentages comparing with international averages ( 3.8 % fat and 3.3% protein) were the main drawbacks of Iran current milk payment system. The results showed that because of paying less attention to the quality, the difference in raw milk payment price was about US$ 0.04. However, it was roughly US$ 0.07 higher that the IFCN milk price indicator. Nevertheless, the IFCN milk: feed price ratio showed that Iran dairy farms similar to international ones were not in a sustainable situation. Finally, to solve the issues, a (compositional and hygienic( quality based milk payment system has been presented. Results obtained in the study can be useful to improve interactions between dairy farmers and factories.
leili jamshidi; sayed abdoullah hosseini; Amir Hossein Alizadeh-Ghamsari
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 61-71
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamins play an important role in improving the performance, immune system, and growth of birds. In recent years, due to the increase of the price of synthetic vitamin supplements and also due to the limitation of the use of commercial antioxidants, plant-based antioxidant sources have ...
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Introduction: Vitamins play an important role in improving the performance, immune system, and growth of birds. In recent years, due to the increase of the price of synthetic vitamin supplements and also due to the limitation of the use of commercial antioxidants, plant-based antioxidant sources have been considered in the poultry industry. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of herbal vitamin E supplements on production traits, humoral immune responses, and some blood parameters of broiler chickens.
Material and method: In a completely randomized design 480 Arian broiler chickens (one-day-old, mixed sexes) were allocated to four treatments, four replicates, and 30 birds in each replicate. Experimental treatments included: 1. basal diet (Contains 25 IU of synthetic vitamin E), 2. basal diet + 25 IU synthetic vitamin E, 3. basal diet + 50 mg herbal vitamin E supplement, and 4. basal diet + 100 mg herbal vitamin E Supplement. In this experiment, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. On day 40, two birds per replicate were randomly selected, weighed, and killed, and then the entire empty carcass and parts of the carcass including breast, thigh, neck back, and wings, abdominal fat, and some organs including heart and spleen were weighed. One day 40 days, to measure the concentration of total protein, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes, blood was collected from each replicate of 4 birds. On day 33 to measure antibody titer against Newcastle disease and influenza, 1 ml SRBC was injected into 4 birds in each repetition.
Result and discussion: The results showed that the experimental treatments had no effects on feed intake, body weight, and FCR. Also, carcass characteristics including carcass percentage, breast, thigh, back, and neck percentage, abdominal fat, heart, spleen, and blood parameters were not affected by experimental treatments. Antibody titer against sheep red blood cell injection had no significant effect.
Conclusion: In total, according to the recommendation of commercial strains, the requirement of vitamin E is 50 IU, therefore in case of providing 25 IU of synthetic vitamin E in the diet, it is possible to provide the rest of the need up to 50 IU by using the herbal vitamin E supplement (at the rate of 50 mg per kilogram of feed) considering there are economic considerations.
Hamid Reza Khajavi; Mohammad Amir Torshizi; Hamed Ahmadi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 113-122
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of feeding different levels of vermi-humus supplement (as a source of humic acid) on the performance of broiler chickens an experiment was conducted using 240 broiler chickens (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design by four treatments (vermi-humus levels of 0, 0.5, ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of feeding different levels of vermi-humus supplement (as a source of humic acid) on the performance of broiler chickens an experiment was conducted using 240 broiler chickens (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design by four treatments (vermi-humus levels of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 percent) and five replicates of 12 chickens per each for 42 day. The experimental treatments had no significant effect on the growth performance, carcass percentage, internal organs weights, serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus and tibia bone ash. Increasing the levels of vermi-humus up to one percent of diet resulted in linear decline in pH of breast meat (P<0.05), although the level of 1.5 percent increased the pH value. The thigh meat pH increased at 1 and 1.5 percent levels of vermi-humus supplementation in diet compared to control and 0.5 percent groups. The concentration of malon dialdehyde of fresh and preserved thigh meat decreased linearly with increasing the levels of vermi-humus supplementation in diet, while the malon dialdehyde of breast meat changed in quadratic manner (P<0.01). Water holding capacity of meat increased linearly with enhancement of level of vermi-humus supplement in the diet (P<0.01). Addition of vermi-humus at the level of one percent in diet leads to improvements in the color, smell, juiciness and overall acceptance of breast meat compared to the control (P<0.05), but these parameters had not affected in thigh meat. The results showed that feeding vermi-humus up to one percent of diet could improve the breast meat quality, taste and flavor without adverse effect on performance.
Fereshteh Jamili; Farid Shariatmadari; Mohammad-amir Karimi Torshizi
Volume 15, Issue 2 , October 2013, , Pages 117-126
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of emulsifiers such as lecithin and bile salts onbroilers performances fed diet containing vegetable fats. 192 male Ross broiler chickens were randomlyallocated in a factorial experiment design of 3 × 2, consisting two sources of fat (four percent ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of emulsifiers such as lecithin and bile salts onbroilers performances fed diet containing vegetable fats. 192 male Ross broiler chickens were randomlyallocated in a factorial experiment design of 3 × 2, consisting two sources of fat (four percent fatty acidsor soy bean oil) and three emulsifiers (none, one percent lecithin and 0.05 percent bile salts) incompletely randomized design with four replicates and eight birds per each. Total weight gain and feedconversion ratio was not affected by fat sources while soya oil addition to diets increased feed intake(P<0.05). Emulsifiers’ addition to diet improved weight gain feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). The lengthand width of villi in jejunum, and crypt depths in duodenum were not affected by fat sources, while, cryptdepth in jejunum and width of villi in ileum of birds fed on diets containing fatty acid were higher thanother birds (P<0.05). Addition of emulsifiers to diets increased dietary metabolisable energy (P<0.05). Inconclusion, addition lecithin or bile salts to diets containing soybean oil or its fatty acids, improved bodyweight gain and feed conversion ratio in broiler chicks by increasing in absorption area of intestine anddietary metabolisable energy.
Leila Taherabadi; Farokh Kafilzadeh
Volume 25, Issue 2 , July 2023, , Pages 169-181
Abstract
Introduction: Increased livestock production can be achieved through the cultivation of high-quality forages with high-yielding capacity. Napier grass has been introduced to all tropical and subtropical areas of the world and is used as a forage crop with high potential productivity in terms of annual ...
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Introduction: Increased livestock production can be achieved through the cultivation of high-quality forages with high-yielding capacity. Napier grass has been introduced to all tropical and subtropical areas of the world and is used as a forage crop with high potential productivity in terms of annual dry matter yield. However, both dry matter yield and nutritional quality of this grass have been affected by different cutting interval. This grass has been neither grown nor studied as a source of forage for ruminant nutrition in Iran.This research was conducted to identify the appropriate cutting interval for Napier grass to produce the maximum nutritive value and yield.
Material and methods: Napier grass was cultivated in a complete randomised block design with three replicates. During the growth season, the cutting intervals were 16-20, 24-28, 43 d or 136 d after planting to corresponding cutting heights of 50, 100, 150 and 300 cm. Hence, from each plot 6, 4, 2, or 1 cuts were harvested, respectively. Cell wall fractions, organic matter, and crude protein of Napier grass from different cuts were determined. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility and in-vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics of the forages were also determined. Biomass production of Napier grass under different cutting interval programs was also assessed.
Results and Discussion: The highest yield of dry matter of Napier grass (25.1 tons per hectare) was observed when only one cut was harvested at the end of vegetative stage (height of 300 cm). The digestibility of organic matter (OMD) ranged from 60 to 70 % in all treatments and the highest OMD was observed at the height of 50 cm. The maximum dry matter and digestible organic matter per hectare (15.9 and 14.2 tons, respectively) was produced when forage was harvested in one cut at the height of 300 cm. There was no difference in the yield of digestible dry matter and digestible organic matter of the forage harvested at the height of 50 and 100 cm. The concentration of crude protein in forages from different cuts ranged from 7.1 to 14.2 % and neutral detergent fiber ranged 65.7 to 76.2 %. The highest concentration of crude protein and the lowest cell wall components were observed at the height of 50 cm. The lowest and the highest gas production potential and fractional rate of gas production were observed at the cutting height of 300 cm and 50 cm, respectively.
Conclusion: The present study showed that it is possible to obtain higher quality of Napier grass by shortening the harvesting intervals. However, this resulted in a pronounce decrease in the yield of organic matter and digestible dry matter yield per hectare. The highest organic matter and digestible dry matter per hectare was produced when Napier grass was harvested only once (136 d after planting and height of 300 cm) at the end of vegetative stage.
salman afshar; hamid Amanlou; Davood Zahmatkesh
Volume 23, Issue 2 , July 2021, , Pages 201-212
Abstract
The effect of using whole safflower seed and flaxseed in the during transition period on performance, digestibility, production and composition of colostrum and blood parameters of Afshari ewes using three treatments and 27 pregnant ewes with average age of three years, weight of 85 ± 1.28 ...
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The effect of using whole safflower seed and flaxseed in the during transition period on performance, digestibility, production and composition of colostrum and blood parameters of Afshari ewes using three treatments and 27 pregnant ewes with average age of three years, weight of 85 ± 1.28 kg and range 6 weeks before expected lambing in a completely randomized design was investigated. Experimental treatments included; 1- control diet (base), 2- diet containing 8% safflower seed, 3- diet containing 8% flaxseed. The effect of treatments was not significant on functional traits of ewes pre-lambing but their dry matter intake and weight change post lambing were affected by safflower seed and flaxseed treatment (P< 0.05). The experimental treatments were not significant on pre-lambing digestibility coefficients, composition and amount of colostrum and milk as well as lamb performance. The triglyceride, cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein levels in blood plasma of flaxseed-fed ewes were higher than safflower and control treatments in pre-lambing. The results demonstrated that using safflower seed and flaxseed in the period close to lambing did not have negative effects on the performance of gestation ewes but increased their dry matter and improved the health of lactating ewes and lambs by preventing severe weight loss in post lambing.
Daryush Khademi Shurmasti; Farid Shariatmadari; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; Houshang Lotfollahian
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 211-221
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vegetable fat sources and additives on performance and morphological parameters of the small intestine of Arain broiler chickens. Birds were randomly used in a 2×3 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments included two fat sources (canola ...
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The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vegetable fat sources and additives on performance and morphological parameters of the small intestine of Arain broiler chickens. Birds were randomly used in a 2×3 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments included two fat sources (canola or pumpkin seed) and three additives (without additive, 0.1 g/kg probiotic and 0.15 g/kg virginamycin) with four pen replicates and 20 birds per each. The growth performance and productive traits, with using of neither additives nor fat sources or fat sources × additives were unaffected. However, probiotic was significantly decreased crypt depth and increased villi height to crypt depth ratio in jejunum and ileum (P<0.01). Likewise, the highest of villi height and villi height to crypt depth ratio in jejunum and ileum especially was obtained with combination of pumpkin seed oil and probiotic (P<0.05). Crypt depth, villi thickness and surface area was higher in duodenum of broilers were fed with pumpkin seed oil (P<0.05).Thus, probiotic bactocell can be used in diets contain linoleic-oleic (pumpkin seed oil) and linolenic (canola oil) fat groups without negative effect on performance and productive traits.
Mostafa Lotfy; farid shariatmadari; Hamed Ahmadi; Mohsen Sharafi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , July 2019, , Pages 223-232
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop multiple linear regression (MLR) model to predict the nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) value of wheat bran. The amount of crude fat, ash, crude protein, crude fiber (all used as % of DM) and TMEn (Kcal/kg DM) were measured in 25 wheat bran samples ...
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The purpose of this study was to develop multiple linear regression (MLR) model to predict the nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) value of wheat bran. The amount of crude fat, ash, crude protein, crude fiber (all used as % of DM) and TMEn (Kcal/kg DM) were measured in 25 wheat bran samples with 4 replicates. The force-fed method has been used to estimate TMEn and excreta were collected for 48 h. There were significant (P < 0.001) differences in chemical composition and TMEn of wheat bran samples. The average crude fat, ash, crude protein, crude fiber and TMEn content of samples was determined to be 4.80, 5.68, 16.23, 8.60 (all used as % of DM) and 2062 (Kcal/kg DM), respectively. The calculated MLR model to predict the TMEn value (Kcal/kg) based on chemical composition (% of DM) was obtained as follows: TMEn = 2364 + (19×crude protein) + (46.1×crude fat) – (63×crude fiber) – (51.1×ash). The R2 value revealed that developed model could accurately predict the TMEn of wheat bran samples (R2=0.82). Crude fat and crude protein had a positive effect on TMEn, while ash and crude fiber had a negative impact on TMEn. The sensitivity analysis on the model indicated that dietary crude fiber (%) is the most important variable in the TMEn, followed by dietary ash, crude fat and crude protein. The results suggest that the MLR model may be used to accurately estimate the TMEn value of wheat bran from its corresponding chemical composition.
Meysam Sherafat; meysam alijoo; Behzad Asadnezhad
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 237-247
Abstract
The effect of flaxseed and soybean seed on the performance of Maque ewes during the transition period in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications and one ewe per replicate using 16 pregnant Maque ewes with average age of three years and weight (65 ± 2.4 kg) was ...
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The effect of flaxseed and soybean seed on the performance of Maque ewes during the transition period in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications and one ewe per replicate using 16 pregnant Maque ewes with average age of three years and weight (65 ± 2.4 kg) was investigated. Experimental treatments included: control diet (basal diet), diet containing 10% flaxseed; Contained 10% soybean seed and 50:50 dietary ratio of flaxseed and soybean seed. Experimental results showed no effect of treatments on feed intake of ewes before and after calving. Milk production of ewes fed flaxseed diets was higher (p<0.05) and ewes fed 50:50 diets containing flaxseed and soybean had the highest total serum protein concentration (p<0.05). Other serum metabolites were unaffected by experimental treatments. Rumen fluid valeric acid concentration was the highest in ewes fed diets containing soybean seed and soybean-flax seed mixture (p<0.05). Results of this experiment showed that using flaxseed and soybean seed up to 10% diet without adverse effect on feed intake improved ewes performance during the transition period and increased production in the early lactation period.
Ayoub Laki; Mehdi Dehghan-Banadaky; Abolfazle Zali; Mehdi Ghanjkhanlou; Kamran Rezayadi
Volume 18, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 249-260
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding of steeped barley grain with lactic acid (LA) and citric acid (CA) on dry matter intake, feeding behavior, apparent nutrients digestibility, rumen pH and milk production. Eight early lactating Holstein cows in the second parities were ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding of steeped barley grain with lactic acid (LA) and citric acid (CA) on dry matter intake, feeding behavior, apparent nutrients digestibility, rumen pH and milk production. Eight early lactating Holstein cows in the second parities were used in 4×4 Latin square change- over design. Treatments consisted of basis diet containing 1) dry rolled barley grain (DR), 2) dry rolled barley grain steeped in an equal quantity of tape water alone (W), 3) or in 0.75% LA, or 4) 1% CA for 24 h. The result of this study showed that dry matter intake, feeding behavior and apparent nutrients digestibility did not significantly different among treatments. Rumen pH was greater at 6 h after feeding in LA and CA diets (P<0.05). Treatments had no effect on fecal score and pH. Milk and Fat corrected milk production unaffected by treated barley. While milk protein and none- solids fat were significantly greater in CA diet in compared to others (P<0.05). Others milk composition had not influenced by type of processing. In conclusion, treated barley grain with LA and CA had increased rumen pH 6 h after feeding but other characters including milk production and composition, apparent nutrient digestibility and feeding behavior unaffected by barley grain processing method.
nader papi
Volume 20, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 257-268
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary substitution of different levels of Maize silage (MS) with Jerusalem artichoke aerials part silage (JAAPS) on feed intake, digestibility and microbial protein syntheses in twenty Chall male sheep (live body weight of 65.3±2.3 kg). Four ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary substitution of different levels of Maize silage (MS) with Jerusalem artichoke aerials part silage (JAAPS) on feed intake, digestibility and microbial protein syntheses in twenty Chall male sheep (live body weight of 65.3±2.3 kg). Four iso-energetics and iso-nitrogenus diets (forage-to-concentrate ratios; 64:36) were formulated in which MS was replaced by different levels (0, 180, 360, or 540 g/kg dietary DM) of JAAPS. The diets were fed to four experimental animals groups in a completely randomized design for a 31-days period. Dry matter intake and dry matter digestibility were 2139 and 699 in control diet and 2095 g/day and 697 g/kg DM in diet contains 540 g/kg DM JAAPS respectively. The replacement of MS by JAAPS did not affect dry matter intake and nutrients intake. Digestibility of dietary nutrients was not affected by experimental diets. By replacing the JAAPS instead of MS, there was no significant statistical change in the microbial protein synthesis. It is concluded that the partial substitution of MS for JAAPS, up to 540 g/kg DM, in diet of sheep has no adverse effect on feed intake and diet digestibility. So the Jerusalem artichoke aerial parts could be used as a silage in sheep diets.
Hoshang Jafari; Farshid Fatahnia; Yahya Abaspor; poorya Dadvar; Saifali Varmaghany; manochehr Tahmasebi
Volume 25, Issue 3 , October 2023, , Pages 295-308
Abstract
Introduction: Water shortage, low quality soils, and insufficient supply of feed are the main limitations for livestock production in arid and semiarid regions of the word. Therefore, there is a demand to cultivate new crops for these areas as an alternative to crops, which are hypersensitive to low ...
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Introduction: Water shortage, low quality soils, and insufficient supply of feed are the main limitations for livestock production in arid and semiarid regions of the word. Therefore, there is a demand to cultivate new crops for these areas as an alternative to crops, which are hypersensitive to low fertile situation. Cultivation of acceptable-quality unusual plants, which are resistant to harsh environmental conditions is a proper way to overcome these challenges. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a highly productive crop and produce a large amount of forage per unit of area. Artichoke forage has good nutritional value for ruminant animals. In other hand, artichoke as a medicinal plant contains many secondary compounds including polyphenols, cynarin, chlorogenic acid, carotenoids and natural antioxidants. Lower blood cholesterol and triglyceride and carcass fat have been reported by these compounds in animals fed artichoke products. Therefore, we hypothesized that addition of artichoke forage to diet of fattening lambs may has beneficial effects on their carcass quality traits.
Material and methods: In order to evaluate the effects of dietary artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) level instead of alfalfa on meat fatty acids profile and carcass quality traits of fattening lambs, this experiment was conducted using 24 Kurdish male lambs (initial body weight of 30.2 ± 2.35 kg) in a completely randomized design with three treatments and eight replications. Experimental treatments included: 1) control (diet without artichoke hay), 2) diet containing 10% artichoke hay, and 3) diet containing 20% artichoke hay. The experiment was lasted for 100 days including 20 d of adaptation period and 80 d of data recording and samples collection. At the end of experiment, all lambs were weighed after an overnight fast (16 h). All lambs were slaughtered, and hot carcass were weighed. The carcass was split into two equal halves (left and right). The right half of carcass was cut into six primal cuts including neck, shoulder, breast-flank, loin, leg and tail. Meat chemical composition, color parameters and fatty acids profile were measured.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that incorporation of artichoke to the diet improved the daily weight gain of lambs (P<0.05). Also, hot carcass weight and dressing percentage increased linearly with increasing artichoke level in the diet (P<0.05). Dietary artichoke level had no effect on carcass cuts percentage (neck, shoulder, breast flank, loin, leg, and tail), meat chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat and ash) and color parameters (lightness, redness, yellowness). Meat fatty acids profile (including saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids) were not affected by artichoke level in the diets.
Conclusion: According to the results, feeding fattening lambs a diet contained artichoke (up to 20% of total mixed ration) has no detrimental effects on meat quality and improve their dressing percentage.
farahnaz jamshidizad
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 311-320
Abstract
In this study production, reproduction, management and economic parameters obtained from 7 flocks with 600 head of native sheep were used during annual cycle of production in village systems. The economic values of traits were estimated using maximizing profit, revenue per cost and minimizing cost method. ...
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In this study production, reproduction, management and economic parameters obtained from 7 flocks with 600 head of native sheep were used during annual cycle of production in village systems. The economic values of traits were estimated using maximizing profit, revenue per cost and minimizing cost method. The results showed that the average profit per sheep per year, revenue per cost ratio and cost per revenue ratio for this system were 3,211,391Rials, 1.40 and 0.713, respectively. Feeding and husbandry costs represented about 64% and 20% of total cost, respectively. In maximizing profit method, average economic values (relative) of traits were 7,550.139 (1.102) Rials for survival rate, 7,630.49 (1.1143) Rials for conception rate, 7,172.632 (1.0475) Rials for lambing frequency, 6,520.575 (0.95228) Rials for lambing rate, 7,969 (0.9164) Rials for lamb survival rate to weaning, 8,150.719 (1.1903) Rials for kid survival rate to yearling, 6,847.3565 (1.00) Rials for lamb live weight at sale, -2610 (-1.93) Rials for body weight of sheep. In revenue per cost method the average economic values of aforementioned traits in all systems were 0.677, 0,683, 0.646, 0.592, 0.711, 0.726, 0.566, -0.293 respectively. The sensitivity of economic values to changes in prices of input parameters was low and to changes of prices in output parameters was high. Since the input parameters used in this study were collected from a wide range of management and climates conditions, estimated economic values could be used for designing the appropriate selection index for Kordi sheep.
Hadi Karimi-Zarchi; Mohamad Salarmoini; Mohsen Afsharmanesh
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 349-358
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary crude protein and protease enzyme on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and protein digestibility in Japanese quails. Four hundred fifty day-old quails were randomly distributed into nine experimental groups in ...
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This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary crude protein and protease enzyme on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and protein digestibility in Japanese quails. Four hundred fifty day-old quails were randomly distributed into nine experimental groups in a completely randomized design with 3 × 3 factorial arrangement including 3 levels of protein (18, 20 and 22%) and 3 levels of protease enzyme supplementation (0, 200 and 400 mg/kg) with five replicates and 10 birds per replicates. In 1 to 21 days of age, the highest weight gain and feed intake were achieved in birds fed diet with 22% crude protein (P<0.05). Also, birds fed with the diet supplemented with 200 ppm protease enzyme showed higher feed intake and weight gain, in comparison to the birds fed no enzyme supplemented diet (P>0.05). But, the best feed conversion ratio was seen in birds fed a diet contained 400 ppm enzyme. In 22 to 35 days of age, different dietary treatments have no significant effect on growth performance. Carcass percentage of quails fed with diets contained 20 and 22% CP was significantly higher than those fed 18% CP diet (P<0.05). Also, enzyme supplementation had beneficial effects on the carcass, breast, and thigh relative weights (P<0.05). In the 13-15 days period, CP digestibility coefficient was significantly decreased by increasing the CP level from 18 or 20 to 22%. Also, protease enzyme supplementation at 200 ppm level had significantly a positive effect on CP digestibility (P<0.05). It could be concluded that the optimal dietary CP level for growing Japanese quails for 1- 21 and 22-35 days of the growing period is 22 and 18%, respectively. Also, dietary supplementation with protease enzyme at 200 ppm level could be beneficial at 1 to 21 days of age.
Fateme Ahamadi; hamid Amanlou; Najme Eslamian Farsuni; Tahere Amirabadi Farahani
Volume 23, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 363-374
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of decreasing dietary protein content with supplementing protected methionine (pMet) and lysine (pLys) on intake, milk yield, metabolic status, and apparent digestibility of nutrients in Holstein fresh cows. Immediately after calving, 16 cows ...
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of decreasing dietary protein content with supplementing protected methionine (pMet) and lysine (pLys) on intake, milk yield, metabolic status, and apparent digestibility of nutrients in Holstein fresh cows. Immediately after calving, 16 cows with the similar BCS and parity were randomly assigned to two treatments. Experimental diets provided equal amounts of lysine (132 to 133 g/d) and methionine (40 to 43 g/d). The treatments were: a diet containing 18.35 % CP without supplementing pMet and pLys (HP); and a diet containing 16.45 % CP with supplementing rumen-protected amino acids (LPML). Individual dry matter intake and milk yield were recorded daily during fresh period. Blood samples were collected at 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d after calving to determine the serum concentrations of mineral and metabolites. Feed intake was not affected by experimental diets but milk yield was higher for HP cows than cows in LPML (P < 0.01). The yield of milk protein, lactose, fat and concentration of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) were higher in HP cows compared to LPML (P < 0.05). Compared to HP cows, cows in LPML had lower blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and higher serum concentrations of total protein and globulin (P < 0.01). Based on the results of the present study, reducing dietary protein content while maintaining the supply of limiting amino acids decreased lactational performance and feed efficiency of Holstein fresh cows.
Mahmood Dashtizadeh; Mohsen Sari; Hassan Fazaeli
Volume 22, Issue 3 , September 2020, , Pages 365-377
Abstract
In order to study the effects of sunflower oil and Konar leaves addition on performance, meat quality and fatty acids profile, an experiment wasconducted using 32 Adani male goat kids, with 17.8 ± 2.2 kg initial BW in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement for 75days. ...
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In order to study the effects of sunflower oil and Konar leaves addition on performance, meat quality and fatty acids profile, an experiment wasconducted using 32 Adani male goat kids, with 17.8 ± 2.2 kg initial BW in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement for 75days. Goat kids were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1- control, 2- 20% Konar leaves, 3- 2.5 % sunflower oil and, 4- 2.5 % sunflower oil+ 20% Konar leaves. The results showed that treatments had no effect on feed intake and final body weight of goat kids. Oil inclusion in the diettended to increase daily weight gain (P=0.06) and tended to decrease feed conversion ratio (P=0.07). Dry matter, ash, and crude proteinconcentrations, color indices, malondialdehyde concentration and pH of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were not affected by treatments. Totalsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05) and total N6 fatty acids (p < 0.01) of LD are affected by interaction of oil and Konar leaves supplementation. Inclusion ofkonar leaves in the diet increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio in LD muscle of goat kids (p < 0.05). The fat content ofLD muscle increased with the inclusion of oil to the diets (p < 0.01). The results of this study showed that using Konar leaves and sunflower oil in thediet of Adani goat kids can improve the nutritive value of their meat by reducing saturated fatty acids and increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids.
ali ashrafian; nasser emam jomeh kashan; Rostam AbdolahiArpanahi; Mohammad Bagher Sayyadnejad
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, , Pages 401-409
Abstract
In order to determine the optimum number of test-day records for the progeny test program of Holstein bulls, 732,140 milk yield test-day were used. These milk yield test-days, which were related to 73,214 first parity dairy cows belonging to 62 herds, had been collected by the Animal Breeding Center ...
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In order to determine the optimum number of test-day records for the progeny test program of Holstein bulls, 732,140 milk yield test-day were used. These milk yield test-days, which were related to 73,214 first parity dairy cows belonging to 62 herds, had been collected by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran from 1992 to 2016. The correlation of predicted breeding value (EBV) of bulls from ten test-day of their daughters compared with EBV predicted from different number of recorded test-days. The Correlation of predicted EBV from ten test-days with EBV from even, odd, (second, fifth, seventh), (second, fifth, tenth) and (second, sixth) test-day records were estimated to be 0.99, 0.98, 0.98, 0.97 and 0.94 respectively. The results showed that to reduce cost of recording, number of records and generation interval in EBV prediction of bulls with random regression model it is possible to use only second, fifth and seventh test-days instead of ten test-days.
Abuzar Bastami; Ali Naghipour; Ali Khatibjoo; Farshid Fattahnia
Volume 25, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 415-428
Abstract
In this experiment, the effect of two types of zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) chelate on performance and bone characteristics of broiler chickens were considered in a completely randomized design, using 490 Ross-308 broiler chickens (one-d-old, mixed sexes) with 7 treatments, 5 replicates and 14 birds in each ...
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In this experiment, the effect of two types of zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) chelate on performance and bone characteristics of broiler chickens were considered in a completely randomized design, using 490 Ross-308 broiler chickens (one-d-old, mixed sexes) with 7 treatments, 5 replicates and 14 birds in each replicate. Treatment consisted of: 1) control (basal diet), 2-4) control + 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg Zn-Meth of Zin-Pro® respectively and 5-7), control + 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg zn-Met synthetized by Ilam University. Results showed that as compared to group, none of zn-Met source had significant effect on broiler chickens feed intake, body weight, FCR and EPEF, carcass and breast and thigh percentages, serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and Ca concentrations, activity of Alkaline phosphatase, Aspartate transaminase and Alanine aminotransferase enzymes and tibia characteristics including weight, dry matter and ash percentages, length, width and diameter and P and Ca percentages (P < 0.05) while broilers fed diet containing Zn-Meth had higher serum and tibia Zn concentration, higher villous height and villous height to crypt depth ratio and lower villous width in ileum and jejunum as compared to negative control group (P < 0.05). Generally, both of the chelates had similar effects on broiler chicken’s performance, small intestine morphology and tibia traits and Iranian kind of Zn-Meth has capability to substitution with foreign source of it although needs to further investigations.