Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Urmia university
Abstract
The effect of flaxseed and soybean seed on the performance of Maque ewes during the transition period in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications and one ewe per replicate using 16 pregnant Maque ewes with average age of three years and weight (65 ± 2.4 kg) was investigated. Experimental treatments included: control diet (basal diet), diet containing 10% flaxseed; Contained 10% soybean seed and 50:50 dietary ratio of flaxseed and soybean seed. Experimental results showed no effect of treatments on feed intake of ewes before and after calving. Milk production of ewes fed flaxseed diets was higher (p<0.05) and ewes fed 50:50 diets containing flaxseed and soybean had the highest total serum protein concentration (p<0.05). Other serum metabolites were unaffected by experimental treatments. Rumen fluid valeric acid concentration was the highest in ewes fed diets containing soybean seed and soybean-flax seed mixture (p<0.05). Results of this experiment showed that using flaxseed and soybean seed up to 10% diet without adverse effect on feed intake improved ewes performance during the transition period and increased production in the early lactation period.
Keywords
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13. Ghoreishi SM, Zamiri MJ and Rowghani E (2007) Effect of a calcium soap of fatty acids on reproductive characteristics and lactation performance of fat-tailed sheep. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10: 2389-2395.
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17. Jenkins TC and McGuire MA (2006) Major advances in nutrition: Impact on milk composition. Journal of Dairy Science. 89: 1302-1310.
18. Kay JK, Mackle TR, Auldist MJ, Thomson NA andBauman DE (2004) Endogenous synthesis of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in dairy cows fed fresh pasture. Jornal of Dairy Science. 87: 369-378.
19. Khalilvandi-Behroozyar H, Dehghan-Banadaky M, haffarzadeh M and Rezayazdi K (2016) Effects of different fatty acid supplements on rumen fermentation parameters and microbial population in itro ondition. Iranian Journal of Animal Science 47: 1-17. (in Persian)
20. Kucuk O, Hess BW and Rule DC (2004) Soybean oil supplementation of a high-concentrate diet does not affect site and extent of organic matter, starch, neutral detergent fiber, or nitrogen digestion, butinfluences both ruminal metabolism and intestinal flow of fatty acids in limit-fed lambs flow of fattyacids in ewes. Journal of Animal Science. 82: 2985-2994.
21. Nudda A, Battacone G, Boaventura Neto O, Cannas A, Francesconi Atzori D and Pulina G (2014) Feeding strategies to design the fatty acid profile of sheep milk and cheese. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 43: 445-456.
22. NRC (2007) Nutrient Requirments of Lamb. 7th ed, national Academy press. Washington, DC. U.S.A.
23. Overton T R and Waldron M R (2004) Nutritional management of transition dairy cows; Strategies to
optimize metabolic health. Journal of Dairy Science 87: 105-119.
24. Ottenstein DM and Bartley DA (1971) Improved gas chromatography separation of free. Acids C–C in dilute solution.Analytical Chemistry 43: 952-955.
25. Petit H, Germiquet V and Lebel D (2004) Effect of feeding whole, unprocessed sunflower seeds and flaxseed on milk production, milk composition, and prostaglandin secretion in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87: 3889-3898.
26. Reynal S M, Ipharraguerre I R, Liñ eiro M, Brito A F, Broderick G A and Clark J H (2007) Omasal flow of soluble proteins, peptides, and free aino acids in dairy cows fed diets supplemented with proteins of varying ruminal degaradbilities. Journal of Dairy Science 90: 1887-1903.
27. Russel AJ, Doney FJ and Gunn RG (1969) Subjective assessment of fat in live sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 72: 451-454.
28. SAS (2002) Version 9.1 SAS/STAT user’s guide. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. Cary, NC, USA.
29. Schroeder GF, Delahoy JE, Vidaurreta I, Bargo f , Gagliostro GA and Muller LD (2003) Milk faty acid composition of cows fed a total mixed ration or pasture plus concentrates replacing corn with fat. Journal Dairy science 6: 3237-3248.
30. Sabra H A and Hassan S G (2008) Effect of new regime of nutritional flushing on reproductive performance of Egyptian Barki ewes. Global Veterinaria 2: 28-31.
31. Titi HH and Kridli RT (2008) Reproductive performance of seasonal ewes fed dry fat source during their breeding season. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 51: 25-32.
32. Van Soest PJJ, Roberts B and Lewis BA (1991) Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal Dairy science 74: 3583-3597.
33. Van Keulen J and Young BA (1977) Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Journal of Animal Science 44: 282-287.
34. Yang WZ, Benchaar C, Ametaj BN, Chaves AV, He ML and McAllister T A (2007) Effects of garlic and juniper berry essential oils on ruminal fermentation and on the site and extent of digestion in lactating cows. Journal Dairy science 90: 5671-5681.
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