Pirouz Shakeri; Hassan Fazaeli; Mojtaba Zahedifar
Volume 20, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 243-255
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of pistachio by-products (PBP) tannin extracts obtained by water, ethanol 70 % and methanol 80 % on the soybean meals protein protection from ruminal degradability. Soybean meal supplemented with 0.5 and 1 % tannins of different ...
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of pistachio by-products (PBP) tannin extracts obtained by water, ethanol 70 % and methanol 80 % on the soybean meals protein protection from ruminal degradability. Soybean meal supplemented with 0.5 and 1 % tannins of different tannin extracts of PBP. Ruminal degradability and disappearance of dry matter and crude protein in untreated soybean meal (control) and soybean meal treated by tannin extracts (6 treatments) was determined in an in situ trial (three head of castrated Taleshi male calves) and post ruminal disappearance was measured in DaisyII incubator. Soybean meal supplementation with 1 % tannin from water extract, 0.5 and 1 % tannin from ethanol and methanol extracts decreased the ruminal protein disappearance (P<0.01) without any negative effect on total gastrointestinal disappearance of dry matter and crude protein. Also, the addition of all of tannin extracts to soybean meal reduced (P<0.01) the concentration of rapidly degradable proteins. In conclusion, the results showed that tannins of water, ethanol and methanol of PBP extracts could be effective on soybean meals protein's protection from ruminal degradability; however, the use of tannin from water extract of PBP can be more economical and practical.
Farhad Samadian; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; Alireza Eivakpour
Volume 25, Issue 3 , October 2023, , Pages 281-293
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to compare the relative weight of visceral organs, different carcass cuts, the relative length of different intestinal segments, meat quality, hematocrit, and blood metabolites between Arian and Ross308 broiler strains. Materials and methods: One-day-old mixed-sex ...
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Introduction: This study aimed to compare the relative weight of visceral organs, different carcass cuts, the relative length of different intestinal segments, meat quality, hematocrit, and blood metabolites between Arian and Ross308 broiler strains. Materials and methods: One-day-old mixed-sex broiler chickens from Ross308 and Arian strains were separately allocated to two treatment groups. The initial number of each broiler strain was 48, divided into 12 replicate cages with four chicks each. On days 32 and 42, one bird per replicate was randomly selected (12 broilers from each treatment group), weighed, and killed by cutting the jugular vein with a sharp knife. Then the relative weights of visceral organs and relative length of small intestine segments were determined for both strains. The carcass characteristics and the breast and thigh meat quality (including water-holding capacity, cooking loss, and lipid peroxidation) were assessed only in the birds killed on the 42nd day of age. Some plasma metabolites and hematocrit were also determined after blood collection into heparinized tubes at the end of the rearing period.Results and discussion: The results showed that the total feed intake of Arian broilers was higher than that of Ross 308 (P≤0.05), but no difference was observed in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) between the two strains. The rate of weight gain in the first two weeks was higher in the Arian strain (P≤0.05). However, this trend was reversed during the 5th week of the rearing period. The carcass and valuable cut yields at 42 days of age were higher in Ross308 broilers compared to Arian birds (P≤0.05). On both days of slaughter, the gizzard relative weight was higher in Arian broilers, while the bursa relative weight was lower in this strain compared to Ross308 (P≤0.05). The visceral fat relative weight showed a significant difference between the two strains only at 42 days of age, and it was higher in the Arian broilers (P≤0.05). There was no strain difference in relative weight of the gut and different segments of small intestine at both examined ages. However, the proportion of the jejunum to the total length of the small intestine in the Arian strain was significantly higher than that of the Ross 308 (P≤0.05). Mean plasma uric acid concentrations were significantly lower in Arian compared to Ross 308 (P≤0.05). However, the mean concentration of plasma total triglycerides and hematocrit values were higher in Arian broilers (P≤0.05). The amount of stimulated malondialdehyde in the breast and thigh meat showed higher values in the Arian broilers (P≤0.05), indicating the lower oxidation stability of the chicken meat of the Arian broilers compared to Ross308.Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, Arian was not competitive with Ross 308 as a well-known commercial broiler strain in terms of the examined parameters. However, by gaining a better understanding of the weekly performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters of the Arian strain at different ages and in comparison with the Ross 308, the broiler farmers will be able to adopt the best management and nutritional strategy for raising these native broilers chickens.
Raziyeh Rahimzadeh; Mohammad Rokouei; Hadi Faraji- Arough; Ali Maghsoudi; Behrooz Keshtegar
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 299-310
Abstract
The aim of this study was to fit the best model for describing the egg production for Japanese quails at thirteen week of age. For this purpose, the daily egg production recordson 314 quails were used for the different models including nonlinear logistic, incomplete gamma, McNally, Lekhorst, Narushin ...
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The aim of this study was to fit the best model for describing the egg production for Japanese quails at thirteen week of age. For this purpose, the daily egg production recordson 314 quails were used for the different models including nonlinear logistic, incomplete gamma, McNally, Lekhorst, Narushin -Takma 2, McMillan and Nelder by R software. The best model was selected by some statics such as Mean square error (MSE), Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The results showed that Narushin Takma 2 (minimum MSE, AIC and BIC) and Compartmental I Functions (maximum MSE, AIC and BIC) were the best and worst function to describe the egg production, respectively. The highest correlation (0.953) between predicted and actual values for the number of egg were obtained by Narushin -Takma 2 model. The results of the model comparisons and correlations indicate that Narushin - Takma 2 function describes Short- term egg production in quail better than other functions studied in this research and this function could be considered in a short- term prediction of the reproductive potential Japanese quail in breeding goals
Motalleb Ebrahimi; Hamed Ahmadi; farid shariatmadari
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 339-348
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to determine the true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (TMEn) content, chemical compositions of the poultry by – product meal (PBPM), the relationship between their chemical compounds and TMEn in adult roosters. To examine the nutritional values of ...
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The goal of the present study was to determine the true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (TMEn) content, chemical compositions of the poultry by – product meal (PBPM), the relationship between their chemical compounds and TMEn in adult roosters. To examine the nutritional values of PBPM, a total of 30 fresh samples were collected from different slaughterhouses in the country. For TMEn estimation, each sample (25 g) was used to force feed to the 4 birds raised in individual metabolic cages. Dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude fat (EE), crude protein (CP), ash and total volatile nitrogen (TVN) were measured according to standard methods. Average values for DM, EE, ash, CP, TVN and TMEn were obtained as 90.05%, 22.10%, 7.50%, 60.30%, 220 mgN/100g, and 3907 kcal/kg, respectively. There was a positive correlation between TMEn and EE, while the correlation between ash and TMEn was negative. Compared with EE and ash, the CP was less correlated (P<0.05) with TMEn, while the TVN had no significant effect. The determined values of chemical composition and TMEn were used in fitting the simple regression equations, which can be in practice used to predict energy contents of PBPM samples in factory and production farms.
neemat esmaili; Omid Dayani; Reza Tahmasbi; mohammad mahdi sharifi hoseini; zohreh hajalizadeh
Volume 23, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 351-362
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of using different levels of pistachio seed coat (PSC) on feed intake, ruminal parameters, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in Kermani sheep, four male sheep with a mean weight of 54 ± 2 kg were used. This experiment was conducted in 4×4 ...
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In order to investigate the effect of using different levels of pistachio seed coat (PSC) on feed intake, ruminal parameters, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in Kermani sheep, four male sheep with a mean weight of 54 ± 2 kg were used. This experiment was conducted in 4×4 Latin square design in 4 periods of 21 days. After determining the chemical composition of PSC, it was used in the preparation of experimental diets and replaced with wheat bran. The experimental diets were: 1) control diet (without PSC), 2) diet containing 5 % PSC, 3) diet containing 10 % PSC and 4) diet containing 15 % PSC. The results showed that feed and nitrogen intake, excreted nitrogen and nitrogen retention were not affected by feeding the experimental diets. Adding PSC to the diet reduced ruminal ammonia nitrogen (P < 0.05), however, it did not affect the pH of ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after feeding. The total protozoa population of the rumen was not affected by experimental diets, while the population of cellulolytic species increased linearly (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the treatments in terms of total purine derivatives, allantoin, creatinine, uric acid, hypoxanthine, xanthine and, microbial protein synthesis. According to the results, PSC can be used up to 15% of dry matter in sheep diet and replaced with wheat bran or other diet ingredients.
sofi darabi; mohammad moeini; Manouchehr Souri; Mohammad Ebrahim Nooriyan Soroor; abdolhamid papzan
Volume 22, Issue 3 , September 2020, , Pages 357-364
Abstract
Present study was designed to investigate the effect of Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) extract on performance and some blood and anti-oxidantparameters of Sanjabi lambs. Eighteen Sanjabi lambs were randomly allocated to three experimental treatments with six replicates in each individualcage for 75 days. ...
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Present study was designed to investigate the effect of Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) extract on performance and some blood and anti-oxidantparameters of Sanjabi lambs. Eighteen Sanjabi lambs were randomly allocated to three experimental treatments with six replicates in each individualcage for 75 days. The experimental treatments were: 1) control group including basal diet without Artichoke extract, 2) basal diet plus 5 ml ofartichoke extract, and 3) basal diet plus 10 ml of artichoke extract per kilogram dry matter. The blood samples were collected from jugular vein oflambs before feeding at morning monthly. The concentration of glucose, cholesterol, total protein, urea, albumin, and the activity of glutathioneperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase enzymes and malondialdehyde were measured. The results of thisexperiment showed that artichoke extract had no significant effect on lambs' performance and growth parameters, but significantly decreased bloodconcentration of cholesterol, triglyceride and malondialdehyde index at the level of 10 ml extract per Kg/DM of diet. The urea and cholesterolconcentrations affected by time and at days 40 of experiment, the amount of this parameters was lower than other times. In general, it can beconcluded that artichoke extract at the level of 10 ml extract had no significant effect on average daily gain and growth performance of lambs butimproved some blood parameters.
Navid Golestani; Asghar Mogheiseh; Mojtaba Kafi
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, , Pages 389-399
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and quantify risk factors associated with repeat breeder (RB) syndrome in Isfahan Holstein dairy cows. Calving and insemination data of parities 1 to 7 on 91727 Holstein dairy cows from 62 herds collected during 1993 to 2013 were used. Cows failed ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and quantify risk factors associated with repeat breeder (RB) syndrome in Isfahan Holstein dairy cows. Calving and insemination data of parities 1 to 7 on 91727 Holstein dairy cows from 62 herds collected during 1993 to 2013 were used. Cows failed to conceive after three or more regularly spaced services in the absence of detectable abnormalities regarded as RB. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to quantify risk factor associated with repeat breeding. Least squares mean number of services per conception were 2.15 ± 0.15 and 2.54 ± 0.15 for normal and RB cows, and uncorrected values were 2.73 and 3.28 for normal and RB cows, respectively. Herd, milk yield, season of calving and season of first insemination, dystocia, stillbirth, abortion and days from calving to first service were the major factors affecting RB syndrome. Average incidence of repeat breeding was 43.7% (27.8-55.2%). Dystocia and stillbirth increased the odds of being RB by 39% and 11%, respectively (P< 0.01). Risk of being RB in high producing cows increased by 79% compared to cows with low milk yield (P< 0.01). Odds of being RB increased by 28% in cows that was RB in previous parity. Fat yield and length of dry period had no significant effect on being RB. Considering at least 75 days distance between calving and first service, insemination in cool seasons, decreasing dystocia and improving reproduction management of high producing cows, could reduce RB syndrome.
Reza Naseri Harsini; Farokh Kafilzadeh
Volume 25, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 399-414
Abstract
Sixteen male Markhoz kids (13.2±1.6 kg live body weight, 3 months old) were used to evaluate the effects of a commercial bacterial probiotic supplement on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, meat quality attributes and fatty acid profile of triceps brachii muscle and omental fat based ...
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Sixteen male Markhoz kids (13.2±1.6 kg live body weight, 3 months old) were used to evaluate the effects of a commercial bacterial probiotic supplement on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, meat quality attributes and fatty acid profile of triceps brachii muscle and omental fat based on a completely randomized design with two treatments and eight replicates. The Primalak probiotic was fed daily in the amount of two grams to each kid in the respective treatment. Growth performance parameters, including average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were not affected by bacterial probiotic feeding. Digestibility of diet’s chemical components showed no significant difference between treatments. Similarly, the quality attributes of triceps brachii muscle, including pH24, drip loss, water holding capacity, and chemical composition had similar values in both experimental treatments. Kids with access to bacterial probiotic had significantly lower saturated fatty acids, higher mono-unsaturated fatty acids and greater unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio in examined muscle (P<0.05). However, with the exception of lower C15:0 concentration in kids receiving bacterial probiotic (P<0.05), fatty acids profile in omental fat tissue did not change in response to probiotic consumption. It can be concluded that Primalak multi-strain probiotic with the mentioned dosage (2g/d/h) is not an effective additive to make significant changes in nutrients digestibility, Markhoz kid’s performance, meat quality attributes and fatty acids profile of different fat tissues.
Seyyed Saeid Mousavi; Hamid Amanlou; Ali Nikkhah; Hamid Reza Mirzaei Alamouti; Ali Moustafa Tehrani
Volume 18, Issue 3 , October 2016, , Pages 413-430
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different metabolizable protein levels in diet during the peri parturition on performance and blood parameters of Afshari ewes and lambs. Thirty two once lambing ewes in the last six weeks of pregnancy and the first six weeks of lactation with diets ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different metabolizable protein levels in diet during the peri parturition on performance and blood parameters of Afshari ewes and lambs. Thirty two once lambing ewes in the last six weeks of pregnancy and the first six weeks of lactation with diets before and after parturition containing rates of NRC recommended and 20% higher one as low and high amount of metabolizable protein respectively requirements of ewe with two lambs as Factorial experiment in a completely randomized design were fed. Dry matter intake, body weight, body condition score ewes and their changes, weight lamb in the first and third weeks, and daily weight gain of lambs were not affected by treatments. Amount and composition of the colostrum were not affected by the treatments, but milk yield increasing was observed at low metabolizable protein before and after lambing treatment(p=0.007) as compared to other treatments. Urea (P = 0.0001) and cholesterol (P = 0.02) of plasma were significantly higher in high metabolizable protein than the low metabolizable protein in late gestation. Reducing insulin resistance (P = 0.03) and increasing insulin sensitivity (P = 0. 01) were observed in the treatment low metabolizable protein before and after lambing. No significant difference was observed on the numbers of white blood cells, red blood cells and other blood cells between the treatments. The results of this study, the percentage of metabolizable protein by the NRC for Afshari ewes during late gestation and early lactation is advisable.
Fateme Ahmadi; hamid Amanlou; Tahere Amirabadi Farahani; Najme Eslamian Farsuni
Volume 24, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 415-425
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing close-up diets of Holstein dairy cows with rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on milk yield, calf birth weight and colostrum composition during the hot season. Eighty-eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows were enrolled in the study ...
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing close-up diets of Holstein dairy cows with rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on milk yield, calf birth weight and colostrum composition during the hot season. Eighty-eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows were enrolled in the study 30 d before expected calving and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments groups: low crude protein (14.3% CP with 4.0% RUP based on DM) and high crude protein (17.1% CP with 6.0% RUP based on DM). Diets were fed for ad libitum intake during the close-up and fresh period. After calving, all cows received the same diet from calving to 21 days of milk. Milk production of all cows was recorded daily from the day of calving to 21 days after calving. The milk samples of each cow were collected twice a week to measure milk composition. The evaluation of body condition score (BCS) was performed at -30, -3, 0, and 21 d relative to calving. The production of milk and the amount of milk protein and lactose were greater and milk fat content was lower in cows fed high protein diet than cows fed low protein diet (P<0.05). The BCS changes were not different between cows of two treatments in pre- and post-partum periods. According to the results, feeding a diet containing high RUP content to close-up cows during the hot season increases milk yield and decreases milk fat percentage in fresh cows.
Karim Nobari; Abdol-Halim Kor; Abdolhakim Toghdory; Saber Jelokhani-niaraki
Volume 21, Issue 4 , January 2020, , Pages 451-459
Abstract
The objective of this study was to consider biometric indices for distinguishing the difference between the Thoroughbred and the Turkoman horse breeds. Body conformation traits of 23 stallions and 23 mares of Thoroughbred and 26 stallions and 33 mares of Turkoman at the ages of two, three and ...
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The objective of this study was to consider biometric indices for distinguishing the difference between the Thoroughbred and the Turkoman horse breeds. Body conformation traits of 23 stallions and 23 mares of Thoroughbred and 26 stallions and 33 mares of Turkoman at the ages of two, three and four years , were measured for calculating of 12 indices. Then, the data were analyzed as a factorial of 2×2×3 undercompletely randomized design using R software. The considered factors included: breed (Turkoman and Thorughbred), sex (mare and stallion) and age (two, three and four years of age). This study showed that indices of withers to body length (P<0.05), metacarpus circumference to its length (P<0.01) and metatarsus circumference to its length in Thoroughbred breed were greater than Turkoman breed and index of head side neck width to withers height ratio in Turkoman breed was significantly (P<0.05) پ greater than Thoroughbred breed. Age and sex had a significant effect on three different investigated indices. According to the significant effect of breed on some biometric indices, the indices in respect to sex and age can be used for breed identification.
aref kord; Arash Kheradmand; Alireza Rocky; Majid Khaldari
Volume 23, Issue 4 , January 2022, , Pages 515-524
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of some blood biochemical parameters in Lori-Bakhtiari ewes during different months of pregnancy and the influence of fetus numbers on these parameters. For this purpose, 20 ewes of Lori Bakhtiari breed were selected and mated with fertile rams. One ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of some blood biochemical parameters in Lori-Bakhtiari ewes during different months of pregnancy and the influence of fetus numbers on these parameters. For this purpose, 20 ewes of Lori Bakhtiari breed were selected and mated with fertile rams. One month before mating and in the first to fifth months of pregnancy blood samples were collected from ewes and biochemical and enzymatic parameters including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, AST, ALP and GGT were measured. The concentration of calcium and AST activity were constant at the times of the study, but they increased in the last month of pregnancy (P<0.05). Magnesium concentration increased in second month of pregnancy (P<0.05) and phosphorus concentration was decreased during pregnancy compared to the month before mating (P<0.05). Creatinine concentration decreased in the second and third months of pregnancy compared to other months of pregnancy (P<0.05). Total bilirubin and urea concentrations increased during fourth month and the second half of pregnancy, respectively (P<0.05). GGT activity was almost stable during study period but decreased in the fourth month of pregnancy (P<0.05), and ALP enzyme activity showed increasing trend during pregnancy period (P<0.05). The mean concentration of the studied parameters in singleton ewes was not significantly different from twins (P <0.05). Based on the results of this study, blood biochemical changes in Lori Bakhtiari ewes can be used to assess their physiological status during pregnancy.
Mohammad Javad Khalifeh; Mohsen Sari; Mehdi Dehghan banadaky
Volume 22, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 537-547
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of inclusion of sucrose with or without calcium salts of fish oil on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of fattening Holstein steers. Thirty sixth Holstein bull calves (269±57 kg body weight and 7 months of age) ...
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This experiment was conducted to study the effects of inclusion of sucrose with or without calcium salts of fish oil on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of fattening Holstein steers. Thirty sixth Holstein bull calves (269±57 kg body weight and 7 months of age) were used in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement for 128 days. Dietary treatments were 1- control, 2- calcium salts of fish oil (Ca-FO) (2.5 % DM), 3- sucrose (SU)(5% DM), 4- SU and Ca-FO. Average daily gain increased with added SU (P<0.05). Diets containing Ca-FOreduced dry matter intake (DMI) and using SU and Ca-FO together increased DMI in this group (P<0.05). A tendency for higher organic matter digestibility obsereved in bulls fed Ca-FO (P>0.05). An increase in ruminal acetate concentration observed using Ca-FO in the diet, although Lower propionate and higher acetate concentrations were observed in rumen fluid of SU provided bulls (P<0.05). Addition of SU increased ruminal fluid pH (P<0.05). Feeding steers with Ca-FO increased plasma concentration of triglyceride and cholesterol (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that replacing corn grain with sucrose could have stimulatory effect on dry matter intake in Ca-FO containing diet, which have positive effects on average daily gain of fattening steers.
Sayedeh Forough Hosseini Vardanjani; Javad Rezaei; said dehkordi; Yousef Rouzbehan
Volume 20, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 539-551
Abstract
In this study, the effect of different levels of ZnO, nano-ZnO and Zn-methionine, in pre- and post-partum diets, on feed intake, Zn absorption, microbial protein, as well as metabolites and IgG, IgM and IgA in the blood and colostrum of ewes and suckling lambs were investigated. Experiment was conducted ...
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In this study, the effect of different levels of ZnO, nano-ZnO and Zn-methionine, in pre- and post-partum diets, on feed intake, Zn absorption, microbial protein, as well as metabolites and IgG, IgM and IgA in the blood and colostrum of ewes and suckling lambs were investigated. Experiment was conducted from 50 days before to 30 days after lambing. Sixty pregnant Khorasan-Kurdish ewes were divided into six experimental groups (10 replicates) in a randomized complete block design. Experimental diets contained ZnO, nano-ZnO and Zn-methionine to meet NRC recommendation, or higher than NRC-recommended level. Replacing ZnO with nano-ZnO or Zn-methionine had no effect on different variables in ewes, but increasing Zn level in the diet of ewes resulted in an increment of daily Zn intake, a decline of Zn absorption coefficient and an increase of fecal Zn excretion (P<0.05). Feeding mother ewes with different Zn sources had no effect on blood metabolites and immunoglobulins of the suckling lambs. Overall, nano-ZnO had no positive or negative effects on ewes and suckling lambs and using Zn-methionine instead of ZnO did not improve the metabolic condition of the animals. On the other hand, the increasing dietary Zn concentration increased zinc excretion in the environment. In practice, using the conventional ZnO at the NRC recommendation level is sufficient to provide the requirement, and to maintain the immunity of pre- and post-partum ewes and there is no need for additional Zn from other sources.
Ali Kiani
Volume 19, Issue 3 , November 2017, , Pages 557-567
Abstract
In this study, effect of lycopene and corn supplementation on quantity of colostrum and concentrations of IgG in blood and colostrum in pregnant ewes was investigated.A total of 40 multiparous single-bearing ewes (body weight 68 ±8.4 kg) during last month of gestation were fed with one of the ...
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In this study, effect of lycopene and corn supplementation on quantity of colostrum and concentrations of IgG in blood and colostrum in pregnant ewes was investigated.A total of 40 multiparous single-bearing ewes (body weight 68 ±8.4 kg) during last month of gestation were fed with one of the four experimental diets including; basal diet (CON), basal diet plus 1 g/d lycopen (LYC), 300 g/d corn (COR), 1 g/d lycopen plus 300 g/d corn (LYC + COR). Quantity of colostrum production was determined at 6 h post-partum using oxytocin injection method.The IgG concentration in colostrum at 6 and 12 h post-partum as well as at 14 and one day pre-partum was determined. Quantity of colostrum at 6 h post-partum in COR, and LYC + COR was higher (P<0.05) than that in CON and LYC. Blood IgG concentration in CON was significantly lower than COR, LYC, and LYC + CORN. Ewes in LYC+COR had higher (P<0.05) colostrum IgG concentration than ewes in CON. In conclusion, lycopene and corn supplementation during late gestation increased serum IgG concentrations and improved colostrum quantity and quality in pregnant ewes.
sajad pezeshki najafabadi; abolfazl shirazi
Volume 18, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 679-686
Abstract
Transcription factors have important role in controls of animal fertility by binding to promoter regions of genes and regulation of their expression. In this study, nobox, ovol1 and zp3 genes expression, that are candidate genes involved in regulatory pathways of genes, in two categories of uniparous ...
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Transcription factors have important role in controls of animal fertility by binding to promoter regions of genes and regulation of their expression. In this study, nobox, ovol1 and zp3 genes expression, that are candidate genes involved in regulatory pathways of genes, in two categories of uniparous and multiparous Shall sheep were investigated. According to the pedigree of animals, a totally of six ewes selected from the herd of Qazvin Shall breeding center and applied for this experiment. After estrus synchronization, ewes were operated by general anesthesia technique and ovarian mature follicles were extracted by aspiration. After RNA extraction, sample’s cDNA was constructed. To investigation the expression of the above genes, a set of specific primers was designed for a gene, and then relative expression of these genes were measured using Real-Time PCR method and by employment of ∆∆Ct approach. Comparisons between the averages of data were done by T-Test Statistical procedure. In addition, promoter region and transcription factors of the genes investigated using BDGP software. The expression of nobox and ovol1 genes were significant in multiparous animals category (P
Reza Tahmasbi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 777-787
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding waste dateand ensiling periods on chemical compositions and quality of ensiled lemon. For ensiling, different levels of waste date without stones (0, 10, 20, 30, percent) were mixed with lemon pulp and ensiled in two-liter ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding waste dateand ensiling periods on chemical compositions and quality of ensiled lemon. For ensiling, different levels of waste date without stones (0, 10, 20, 30, percent) were mixed with lemon pulp and ensiled in two-liter containers for 25, 35 and 45 days. After opening the silages, samples were taken for determination of dry matter, crude protein, ammonia-nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter and ash. The pH of silages was determined immediately after opening. The effects of waste date supplementation without stone was studied as a factorial design (3×4). The results of this study showed that silage of lemon pulp with 30percents waste date improved silage quality and increased DM, OM and pH (P<0.05). However, CP, NDF, NH3-N and ash were decreased (P<0.05). Also, lemon pulp silage with 30percent waste date had the highest energy and sensory evaluation than those of other silages. In conclusion, supplementation of 30per cent waste date without stone to the lemon pulp and the optimum ensiling period of 45 days are recommended.
Hamideh Nouri Sadegh; Ali Maghsoudi; Mohammad Rokouei; Hadi Faraju-Arough; Mehdi Jahantigh
Volume 24, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 13-21
Abstract
In the current research, immune system responses against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in two sexes of both wild and Italian speckled quails were investigated. To compare phenotypic differences of two sexes for humoral immune responses a one-way analysis was applied, ...
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In the current research, immune system responses against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in two sexes of both wild and Italian speckled quails were investigated. To compare phenotypic differences of two sexes for humoral immune responses a one-way analysis was applied, and a simple animal model using the MCMCglmm package of R software was used for genetic analysis, assuming variance components between the two sexes are different. Phenotypic comparison between males and females did not show a significant difference in any of the strains. In both strains, heritability of humoral immunity in males was higher than females. Results showed, in wild strain, heritability of IgT in males (0.187), and IgY in females (0.177) were higher than other estimates. The highest heritability was related to the NDV, which was estimated to be 0.214 and 0.268 in males and females, respectively. Therefore, genetic selection for IgN can be expected to improve the performance of the birds’ humoral immune system. Likewise, according to the higher estimates of immune responses in males, genetic selection of humoral immune responses for IgN, leads to higher genetic progression.
Yonous Miar; A. Reza Salehi; Seyed Ahmad Aleyasin; Somayeh Raouf zadeh
Volume 13, Issue 1 , September 2011, , Pages 33-40
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), also known as growth and differentiation factor-8 (GDF8), is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?) superfamily that decreases growth in mammals. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the myostatin (GDF8) 3'UTR of OAR2 has been known as responsible for muscular ...
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Myostatin (MSTN), also known as growth and differentiation factor-8 (GDF8), is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?) superfamily that decreases growth in mammals. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the myostatin (GDF8) 3'UTR of OAR2 has been known as responsible for muscular hypertrophy in foreign breeds. In this study, in order to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the myostatin (GDF8) gene, blood samples were collected from a population set of Chaal (n = 20), Zandi (n = 24) and Zel sheep (n = 17) lambs. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood samples and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out in order to amplify a 1003 bp fragment of the target gene and PCR products sequenced to detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Comparison of the sequence of the target gene in Gene Bank with our results of sequencing showed all animals had the g. + 6223G allele in the 3'UTR of myostatin which do not cause double muscle (DM) phenotype.
Ahmad Afzalzadeh; Hadi Ghorbani Farmad; mohsen danesh mesgaran; Ali Akbar Khadem
Volume 12, Issue 2 , October 2010, , Pages 37-50
Abstract
The effect of feeding of soaked barley straw on milk production and composition and rumen characteristics was studied. The degradability of soaked barley straw (for 24, 48 and 72 hours) and unsoaked barley straws were studied in the first experiment. The unsoaked barley straw had more readily degraded ...
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The effect of feeding of soaked barley straw on milk production and composition and rumen characteristics was studied. The degradability of soaked barley straw (for 24, 48 and 72 hours) and unsoaked barley straws were studied in the first experiment. The unsoaked barley straw had more readily degraded fraction (a) than soaked straw treatments (p> 0.05). There was no significant difference between slowly degradable fractions (b) and degradation rates (c, %h) in various treatments of barley straw. The degradability parameters of different rations also studied. The differences between readily (a) and slowly (b) degradable fractions were not significant. In the second experiment the effect of partial replacement of alfalfa hay with unsoaked barley straw and 24h soaked barley straw on performance of 9 multiparous lactating dairy cows in midlactation (580.9 ± 39.3 BW) with 27.8 ± 4.5 kg daily milk yield was studied in a crossover design. The effects of different treatments on milk yield (p< 0.05), milk fat (g/kg yield) (p< 0.05), N-NH3 rumen liquor (p< 0.0001), rumination and chewing activity (min/d) were significant. The rumination and chewing activity (min/d) were increased in diets that contained barley straw. In conclusion utilization of soaked barley straw in ration of midlactation cows is recommended.
Majid Alahyari Shahrasb; Hossein Moravvej; Mahmoud Shivazad
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 39-48
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of reduction or removal of dietary vitamin premix during finisher period (29-42 days of ages) on performance and immunocompetence of broiler chicks fed wheat and barley based diet. A total of 288 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to four ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of reduction or removal of dietary vitamin premix during finisher period (29-42 days of ages) on performance and immunocompetence of broiler chicks fed wheat and barley based diet. A total of 288 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to four treatment groups, with four replicates per treatment group and 18 birds per replicate pen at 29 day of age. The dietary treatments were: T1) the basal diet with no vitamin premix, T2) the basal diet 33.33 percent vitamin premix, T3) the basal diet 66.66 percent vitamin premix and T4) the basal diet 100 percent vitamin premix. Feed intake and weight gain were measured at 35 and 42 days of ages and feed conversion ratio was calculated. At 35 and 42 days of age, after slaughtered and determine carcass weight and the organs bursa of fabricius and spleen weights and immunocompetence was evaluated at 42 day of age, based on SRBC, IgG and IgM titers. Results showed that different levels of vitamin premix did not impair performance and immunocompetence response during the final period of broilers (29-42d). In conclusion, it is possible to remove vitamin premix from finisher diets.
Ali Ghodrat; Akbar Yaghobfar; Yahya Ebrahimnezhad; Habib Aghdam Shahryar; Abolfazl Ghorbani
Volume 17, Issue 1 , April 2015, , Pages 39-49
Abstract
This study was carried out to determination of in vitro binding capacity of organic (wheat and barley) and inorganic (perlite) sources for Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe. For this reason wheat and barley were analyzed chemically for moisture, protein, ash, and ether extract, total carbohydrate, NDF, ADF, ADL, crude ...
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This study was carried out to determination of in vitro binding capacity of organic (wheat and barley) and inorganic (perlite) sources for Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe. For this reason wheat and barley were analyzed chemically for moisture, protein, ash, and ether extract, total carbohydrate, NDF, ADF, ADL, crude fiber, viscosity, cellulose, and total dietary fiber. The in vitro mineral binding capacity of wheat, barley, and perlite to Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu under sequential simulated physiological conditions of the stomach, small intestine, and colon was investigated and compared. Acid washing was efficient in removing most endogenous minerals from samples with the exception of Fe. Barley showed the highest mineral binding capacity for Mn (5.16 percent), Zn (11.07 percent), and Cu (44.48 percent) in small intestine. Perlite had lower mineral binding capacity (Mn (0.76 percent), Zn (1.74 percent) and Cu (1.41 percent) than wheat and barley. Organic sources had an affinity for Fe > Cu > Zn > Mn. Dietary Fiber had a negative impact on mineral bioavailability.
Hamid Reza Ansari-Renani; Hamid Reza Baghershah
Volume 14, Issue 1 , September 2012, , Pages 41-47
Abstract
Forty sheep skins were allocated into two groups. Group one was sheared using shearing machine and group two was chemically dewooled using 15 percent sodium sulfide. Results indicated that fibre diameter of slipewool (39.3 ± 2.3 µm) was significantly (P< 0.05) higher than the sheared ...
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Forty sheep skins were allocated into two groups. Group one was sheared using shearing machine and group two was chemically dewooled using 15 percent sodium sulfide. Results indicated that fibre diameter of slipewool (39.3 ± 2.3 µm) was significantly (P< 0.05) higher than the sheared wool fibers (36.3 ± 0.7 µm), but staple length of slipewool (3.3 ± 0.7 cm) was significantly (P< 0.05) lower than the sheared wool fibers (5.3 ± 0.2 cm). Percentage of relative length increase in yarns of slipewool was significantly (P< 0.05) higher than the sheared wool fibers. Staple strength of yarns made from slipewool was 1.7 gf/t which was considerably different from yarns made of sheared wool (2.1 gf/t). Percentage of color absorption, washing color fastness, light color fastness of yarns made of slipewool was considerably different from similar value of sheared wool. Thickness of carpets under dynamic and static force of the yarn made from slipewool (88.00 and 88.40 unit) was different from that of yarn made from sheared wool (93.09 and 91.46 unit). Use of slipewool in hand-woven carpet should be avoided due to decrease in yarn strength, color fastness and increased in color absorption. Other methods of skin dewooling should be considered.
H. Moradi Shahrbabak; A. Asadi; P. Azizi; S. Elahian
Volume 14, Issue 2 , January 2012, , Pages 43-50
Abstract
Expression of the Growth Hormone receptor (GHR) gene which is located on the sixteenth chromosome of sheep and its binding with GH is essential for growth and fat metabolism. In this study, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein from 88 sheep of Kermani breed.DNA was extracted from blood ...
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Expression of the Growth Hormone receptor (GHR) gene which is located on the sixteenth chromosome of sheep and its binding with GH is essential for growth and fat metabolism. In this study, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein from 88 sheep of Kermani breed.DNA was extracted from blood sample using the modified salting out method for amplification of 155 bp fragment containing a part of exon 10 of GHR genes. Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) was used for genotyping. The vertical electrophoresis of PCR products was performed on 12 percent polyacrylamide gel, at 300 V, for 17 h at 4 ˚C. The silver-staining of gels, resulted identification of six genotypic patterns: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 with frequencies of 9.09, 4.54, 13.63, 9.09, 35.22 and 28.40 percent, respectively. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software and association of different patterns was not significant with growth traits.
Alireza Hasani Bafarani; Seyed Ziaoddin Mirhoseini; Farid Heidari
Volume 16, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 43-51
Abstract
The Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) are founder of spermatogenesis and they are the only stem cells that can transmit genetic materials to offspring’s. This research was conducted to achieving a reliable origin of SSCs from the goat testicular tissues according to a four steps procedure; a) Collection ...
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The Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) are founder of spermatogenesis and they are the only stem cells that can transmit genetic materials to offspring’s. This research was conducted to achieving a reliable origin of SSCs from the goat testicular tissues according to a four steps procedure; a) Collection and preparing testicular tissues, b) Two enzymatic digestions, c) Using mesh and cell suspension and d) Culture the isolated SSCs on goat embryonic fibroblasts. ِDistinct markers of pluripotency such as NANOG, SOX2and OCT4 were expressed in the isolated SSCs and also in these cells, nonspecific alkaline phosphatase test was positive. These cells used for co-culturing with GEF for several passages without differentiation or changing the shape. It was also found out that by using DMSO, these cells can be held in -70°C for one month. The result showed that the used procedure was efficient and the cells not only can express distinct markers of pluripotency but also can be culture and proliferate for long period of time without differentiations.