Nasrin Hoseinpour; Mohammad Ali Norouzian; Ahmad Afzalzadeh
Volume 16, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 93-101
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate effect of different sources of copper on gas production parameters and nutrients digestibility in Zandi male lambs. In the first experiment, 18 male lambs (initial body weight 17.53±1.62) divided into three groups and fed one of the three experimental diets ...
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This study was conducted to investigate effect of different sources of copper on gas production parameters and nutrients digestibility in Zandi male lambs. In the first experiment, 18 male lambs (initial body weight 17.53±1.62) divided into three groups and fed one of the three experimental diets for 70 days. Dietary treatments were control (basal diet without copper supplement), basal diet plus 10 ppm copper from sulfate and basal diet plus 10 ppm from proteinate copper. In comparison with control, copper supplementation improved average daily gain and feed conversion ratio, but there was no significant difference among the dietary treatments for dry matter intake. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and acid detergent fiber digestibility was higher for lambs fed with organic copper compared to lambs fed with control and inorganic copper (P<0.01). In the second experiment, an in vitro gas production technique was used to evaluate the effects of copper sources on the amount and rate of gas production, dry matter degradability, utilization of metabolizable energy (ME), and ruminal fermentation patterns using rumen fluid from three lambs as inoculum. Rate of gas production (c) did not differ among the treatments. Asymptotic of gas production (b) was higher for diets containing supplemental copper compared to control. It seems that supplementation of fattening lamb diet with of organic copper could be improved rumen fermentation and performance of lambs.
Elham Javdan; Jamal Fayazi; Saleh Tabatabaei; Mohammadtaghi Baigi Nasiri
Volume 15, Issue 2 , October 2013, , Pages 101-107
Abstract
This study was conducted to detect polymorphism of gene BMP15, a member of Transforming GrowthFactor β (TGFβ) family which has a crucial role in controlling the ovarian follicles development,ovulation rate and fertility. Samples were randomly selected from 91 Najdi goats in 3 geographicallocations, ...
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This study was conducted to detect polymorphism of gene BMP15, a member of Transforming GrowthFactor β (TGFβ) family which has a crucial role in controlling the ovarian follicles development,ovulation rate and fertility. Samples were randomly selected from 91 Najdi goats in 3 geographicallocations, northwest, southeast and center of Khuzestan province. After DNA extraction, amplification of235 bp fragment of exon 2 of BMP15 gene was performed using specific primers. Sequence detectionwas executed after amplification of gene fragments. The association of BMP15 gene and litter size wasdone by SAS software. Results from sequencing were analyzed by Vector NTI software. The resultsidentified three mutations in bases 529 (T to G), 530 (C to G) and 576 (T to C). The largest litter sizebelongs to AA pattern. Point mutations in this gene will alter the Ovulation rate of the goat. Therefore,improving twining trait in Najdi population can be expected by marker assisted selection.
Sasan ghamari; Farhang Fatehi; Kamran Rezayazdi
Volume 25, Issue 2 , July 2023, , Pages 145-154
Abstract
Introduction: The production of dairy goat breeds such as Saanen has become widespread in many countries and factors like the nutritional value of goat milk, high amounts of milk yield compared to body weight, and less methane gas production have played important role for the mentioned development. Previous ...
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Introduction: The production of dairy goat breeds such as Saanen has become widespread in many countries and factors like the nutritional value of goat milk, high amounts of milk yield compared to body weight, and less methane gas production have played important role for the mentioned development. Previous studies have shown that reaching the insemination weight (35 kg) of replacement female goats is one of the most important points in the breeding of the dairy goat breeds. Subsequently, other studies have shown that improving growth and weight gain during suckling period reduces the time to reach the required weight and body size for insemination, the growth of mammary glands and increases milk production, and it is economically important. Protein is one of the factors which play important role in growth and body frame development of goats especially at life's early stages. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different levels of crude protein in milk replacer on performance of Saanen suckling kids.
Material and Methods: Sixteen Saanen female kids with 10 days of age and 4.678± 0.57 kg of BW were randomly assigned to two experimental treatments, including milk replacer with 22% crude protein (22CP; milk replacer contain 22% crude protein) and milk replacer with 28% crude protein (28CP; milk replacer contain 22% crude protein plus 10 gram of whey protein concentrate per liter of milk replacer). The experimental kids were weaned at 64 days of age and during this time milk replacer, starter, and alfalfa hay intake of kids was recorded daily, and the weight of the goats was measured weekly.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that average daily weight gain of kids fed with 28CP treatment was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to the 22CP treatment during the first month, the second month and whole experimental period. Also, the kids body weight at the end of second month for 28CP treatment was significantly higher (P = 0.05) compared to the 22CP treatment (16.14 vs. 14.21 kg). The amount of total dry matter intake (DMI) during the entire experimental period was higher (P < 0.05) for the 28CP treatment compared to the 22CP treatment (509.65 vs. 459.68 grams per day). There were no significant differences among the experimental treatments for the feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the first month, the second month and the entire experimental period. In fact, although the 28 CP treatment had a higher daily weight gain compared to the CP22 treatment, due to higher DMI, but it had a similar FCR compared to the CP22 treatment.
Conclusion: Results showed that feeding milk replacer containing high levels of crude protein (28%) can results to the higher average daily gain and subsequently heavier weaning weight in Saanen goat kids.
mohammad ali ahangarani; Mohammadreza Dehghani; abbas ali naserian
Volume 23, Issue 2 , July 2021, , Pages 179-189
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of adding fat powder and flaxseed oil in milk on performance, growth, health, blood and rumen parameters of 45 suckling calves (avarage body weight = 38 ± 0.5 kg) in a compeletly randomized design in 10℃ of average temperature from d 3 to ...
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The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of adding fat powder and flaxseed oil in milk on performance, growth, health, blood and rumen parameters of 45 suckling calves (avarage body weight = 38 ± 0.5 kg) in a compeletly randomized design in 10℃ of average temperature from d 3 to 30 of age in individual boxes. Experimental treatments included: 1- basal starter and milk without fat supplement (control) 2- basal starter and milk with fat powder (10 g/liter of milk) 3- basal starter and milk with flaxseed oil (10 g/liter of milk). Daily weight gain from d 3 to 30 and weight at d 30 were higher in flaxseed oil treatment than control treatment (P ≤ 0.05). Calves fed flaxseed oil treatment had higher hip height than control treatment at d 30 (P ≤ 0.05). Blood cholesterol concentration was higher in control treatment than flaxseed oil treatment and blood cortisol concentration was lower in flaxseed oil treatment than control treatment (P ≤ 0.05). The ratio of total protein to albumin in flaxseed oil treatment was lower than control treatment (P ≤ 0.05). Ruminal parameters were not affected by the experimental treatments. The results of this research indicated that using of fat sources including linolenic acid as flaxseed oil in milk have a positive effect on the performance, growth and health during the first month after birth of dairy calves.
Mahshid Mohammadpanah; Homayoun Farhangfar; Moslem Bashtani
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 183-197
Abstract
Correlation between breeding value of crude milk (CM) and energy-corrected milk (ECM) was studied based on a total of 774,013 test day records belongs to 88,456 first-parity Holsteins dairy cattle calving during 1997-2009 in 165 herds (from six provinces). Genetic analysis of the traits was carried out ...
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Correlation between breeding value of crude milk (CM) and energy-corrected milk (ECM) was studied based on a total of 774,013 test day records belongs to 88,456 first-parity Holsteins dairy cattle calving during 1997-2009 in 165 herds (from six provinces). Genetic analysis of the traits was carried out by a fixed regression test day model. In the model, effects of herd, calving year, production month, production age, type of cow genotype (grade or pure Holstein), sperm type, polynomial function, as well as additive genetic and permanent environmental random effects of the cows were included. Mean breeding values as the genetic evaluation is undertaken based on two traits were statistically significant (P<0.0001). Correlation between breeding value of CM and ECM was the highest (0.92) when all the cows were selected based upon breeding value for ECM and was the lowest (0.27) as 10 top cows were selected based upon breeding value for ECM. It could be therefore concluded that in the case of using ECM instead of CM records, change in the ranking of the elite cows is appreciable.
Mehdi Vafaye Valleh; nahid Karimi zandi; Mahdeieh Najmadini
Volume 21, Issue 2 , July 2019, , Pages 193-207
Abstract
In this research, the effect of in ovo injection of egg yolk of native kahazak chicken into the egg yolk of the commercial Ross 308 strain at prior to incubation on some metabolic-related parameters were tested in the resulting progeny. The search parameters included feed intake, feed conversion ratio, ...
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In this research, the effect of in ovo injection of egg yolk of native kahazak chicken into the egg yolk of the commercial Ross 308 strain at prior to incubation on some metabolic-related parameters were tested in the resulting progeny. The search parameters included feed intake, feed conversion ratio, some of serum biochemical parameters, malondialdehyde concentration as well as relative expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) genes in progeny's brain tissue. To achieve this goal, 320 fertile Ross 308 eggs were equally allocated in a completely randomized design into two experimental groups, those injected with Khazak yolk (Test) and control group. Blood and tissue samples were collected at the end of experiment and evaluated for the parameters noted. Compared with the control group, khazak egg-yolk injection resulted in a significant improvement in the feed conversion ratio as well as significant decreases in serum triglyceride, triglyceride/HDL-C ratio, relative visceral fat mass content and levels of AMPK expression in the progeny's brain. In contrast, Khazak yolk injection had no effect on the 45-day body weight, cumulative feed intake, relative brain weight, serum glucose, cholesterol and LDL-c levels but also had no effects on malondialdehyde concentration and NPY expression in progeny brain tissue. According to the results of this study, the injection of native Khazak egg yolk into the yolk of the commercial Ross 308 eggs have effectively improved the feed efficiency and reduced AMPK expression in the diencephalon region of the progeny's brain.
mahdi dehghani-sanij; Mohammad Ali Norouzian; Ahmad Afzalzadeh; ali assadi-alamouti
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 211-221
Abstract
To study the effects of feeding rumen-protected ascorbic acid and salicylic acid on performance of dairy cows under heat stress conditions, forty four lactating dairy cows in early lactation were allocated in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 11 animals in each treatment for 30 days. ...
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To study the effects of feeding rumen-protected ascorbic acid and salicylic acid on performance of dairy cows under heat stress conditions, forty four lactating dairy cows in early lactation were allocated in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 11 animals in each treatment for 30 days. Experimental treatments were: 1) control (diet without coated ascorbic acid and salicylic acid), 2) diet contained 30 g/d coated ascorbic acid, 3) diet contained 10 g/d coated salicylic acid and 4) diet contained 30 g/d coated ascorbic acid + 10 g/d coated salicylic acid. Cows were fed with salicylic acid supplement had a higher daily milk yield (51.47 kg/day) compared to other experimental groups (P<0.05). Feeding of coated ascorbic acid increased milk fat percent, glucose, BHBA, NEFA concentration and decreased somatic cell count compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Total milk's solids, energy and fat corrected milk and milk urea nitrogen were increased in coated ascorbic acid group compared to control (P<0.05). Blood urea concentration in coated ascorbic acid and salicylic acid group were less than control group (P<0.05). The results showed that feeding coated ascorbic acid and salicylic acid could improve performance of Holstein dairy cows in early lactating phase under heat stress conditions.
Mehdi Mirzaei; Ali Sadeghi Sefid Mazaki; Mohammad Khorvash; Gholam Reza Ghorbani; Pirouz Shakeri
Volume 18, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 225-234
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the effects of alfalfa hay level and replacing corn grain by other grains in starter on daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) of pre and post-weaning dairy calves during the pre and post-weaning periods. For this purpose, a database ...
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This study was carried out to assess the effects of alfalfa hay level and replacing corn grain by other grains in starter on daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) of pre and post-weaning dairy calves during the pre and post-weaning periods. For this purpose, a database Meta-analysis used in the present study. Statistical analyses were performed using PROC MIXED in SAS software. Starter intake and ADG were not affected by alfalfa hay feeding level during the pre-weaning period. However, alfalfa hay feeding tended to increase starter intake during the post-weaning and entire periods (P = 0.07 and P = 0.09, respectively). Further, ADG increased during the post-weaning and entire periods with alfalfa hay supplementation. Starter intake and ADG quadratically affected by the level of alfalfa hay supplementation. At pre-weaning period, feed efficiency tended to decrease (P = 0.06) with alfalfa hay supplementation, but was not different with control group during the post-weaning and entire periods. In addition, partial replacement of corn with other grains increased (P < 0.01) starter intake of dairy calves, but feed efficiency decreased (P < 0.01). Based upon the findings of the present research, alfalfa hay supplementation up to 7.5 % of the total diet could improve starter intake and ADG in dairy calves at post-weaning period. Further, it is possible to replace corn with other grains, up to 50 %, without any negative effect on neonatal dairy calves performance.
Rokhsareh Najadini; Gholam Dashab; mehdi vafae valleh; nasrollah moradi
Volume 20, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 225-241
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most important environmental stressors challenging poultry production worldwide, especially in warm regions such as Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran. Heat stress increases the production of free radicals in the chicken’s body. Glutathione peroxidase plays important ...
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Heat stress is one of the most important environmental stressors challenging poultry production worldwide, especially in warm regions such as Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran. Heat stress increases the production of free radicals in the chicken’s body. Glutathione peroxidase plays important roles as cellular antioxidants in heat stress. The aim of this study was to conduct an analysis of the evolutionary and phylogenetic of GPX-1 in Ross 308 and Khazak populations. Boold samples were collected from 10 birds selected randomly from two stocks of Khazak and Ross 308 population (5 Ross 308 and 5 Khazak birds). DNA was extracted from whole blood. PCR amplification of 800 bp of GPX-1 was performed using one pairs of special primers. Then, PCR product sent for DNA sequencing. Sequence alignment of the GPX-1 fragment revealed a total of 9 haplotypes and 13 variable sites. Out of 13 polymorphic sites, 5 were singletons. Dendrogram of phylogenetic showing genetic similarity between the two populations, but probably diversity within populations indicate the possibility to improve genetic changes and increase the resistance to environmental stresses using selection. The results of genetic distance and polymorphic site of GPX-1 in different species approved phylogenetic tree findings. Study of positive- selection process showed that selection and evolution are playing major roles in understanding the biological function of this gene.ش
Kamel Amozadeh Araee; Taghi Ghoorchi; Abdolhakim Toghdory
Volume 25, Issue 3 , October 2023, , Pages 267-279
Abstract
Introduction: Minerals affect wool production in sheep by affecting feed intake, altering rumen function and affecting the flow of nutrients from the rumen or by directly disrupting the animal's metabolism. Wool has the highest concentration of sulfur, which indicates the higher need of wool-producing ...
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Introduction: Minerals affect wool production in sheep by affecting feed intake, altering rumen function and affecting the flow of nutrients from the rumen or by directly disrupting the animal's metabolism. Wool has the highest concentration of sulfur, which indicates the higher need of wool-producing sheep for sulfur than other breeds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of bentonite sulfur on yield, wool quality, blood minerals, liver enzymes and thyroid hormones of ewes.Materials and Methods: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of different levels of bentonite sulfur in sheep. For this purpose, 18 Dalagh ewes (average weight 38 ± 3.5 kg) were kept individually for 42 days with three treatments and 6 repetitions. Experimental treatments included: 1) control (without bentonite sulfur), 2) treatment containing 0.15 percent of bentonite sulfur and 3) treatment containing 0.3 percent of bentonite sulfur(based on dry matter). At first, to ensure the health of all the ewes, they are subjected to a thorough and thorough examination. The bentonite sulfur used in this research contanied 90% sulfur and 10% bentonite. The diets used in this experiment were prepared and adjusted according to the tables of NRC and were given to the ewes in the morning and evening. Ewes were weighed at the beginning and the end of the period after 16 hours of starvation using a digital scale. In order to determine the quality of sheep's wool, in the initial test, the ewes were arranged uniformly on the 41st day of the experiment, and samples were taken from the left side of the ewes in a 10 x 10 cm format according to the common and standard instructions using a manual wool picker. For determination of blood parameters, on the last day of the experiment, three hours after morning feeding, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of the ewes.Results and discussion: The results obtained from this research showed that with the increase in the level of bentonite sulfur in the diet, the length of fibers, efficiency, strength, kemp and the coefficient of variation of fiber diameter increased (P<0.05). Also, increasing the level of bentonite sulfur increased the concentration of serum sulfur and triiodothyronine hormone (P<0.05). Bentonite sulfur supplementation had no significant effect on final weight, daily weight gain, dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio of ewes. Also, different levels of bentonite sulfur had no significant effect on Non-Medullated fibers, Medullated fibers, average diameter and fiber crude protein. copper gallate, calcium, selenium, phosphorus and serum molybdenum. Addition of bentonite sulfur had no significant effect on serum concentrations of copper, calcium, selenium, phosphorus, molybdenum as well as the concentration of liver enzymes of experimental ewes. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the use of bentonite sulfur up to the level of 0.3% of dry matter, could improve the strength and efficiency of wool fibers and it can be used in feeding ewes without having negative effects on their health and performance.
Mohadeseh Namvar; Gholam Reza Dashab; Mohammad Rokouei; Hadi Faraji Arogh; Davoud Ali Saghi
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 281-298
Abstract
This study was performed to compare different models for estimation of direct and maternal heritability and also for obtaining of genetic trend for body weight traits in Kurdi sheep of North Khorasan. The records of body weight in birth (BW, 7345 records), 3-month (3W, 5905 records), 6-month (6W ,5294 ...
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This study was performed to compare different models for estimation of direct and maternal heritability and also for obtaining of genetic trend for body weight traits in Kurdi sheep of North Khorasan. The records of body weight in birth (BW, 7345 records), 3-month (3W, 5905 records), 6-month (6W ,5294 records), 9-month (9W, 3800 records) and 12-month (12W, 3863 records) weight that collected during 1990 to 2013 by Sheep Breeding Station of Shirvan were used. Estimation of genetic parameters for different traits by using of six animal models was carried out by ThrGibbsf90 software. The most suitable model for each trait was determined based on Deviance Information Criterion (DIC). The estimates of direct heritability for BW, 3W, 6W, 9W and 12W traits were 0.172± 0.0007, .0.257± 0.0007, 0.351± 0.0006, 0.120± 0.0007 and 0.131± 0.0009, respectively. In this study, the material genetic effect was significant for BW, 3W and 6W traits (P<0.01) and proportion of maternal permanent environmental variance to phenotypic variance was varied from 0.055 (12W) to 0.186 (BW). Although estimated heritability of maternal effects for body weight was lower in older ages, the result of this study showed that including maternal effects (maternal genetic and permanent environmental effect) in the statistical model could lead to more accurate estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits in all ages. The phenotypic trend for BW, 3W, 6W, 9W and 12W were 8.4, 74.6, 8.3, 54.3, 78.3 gr/year, respectively and direct additive genetic trend for mentioned traits were -0.07, 14.2, -21.9, 13.7, 24.9 gr/year, respectively. Therefore, the results of bayesian analysis are more reliable than convientioal statistical methods.
alireza aghashahi; hadi hosseini; sayed abdoullah hosseini; AMIRREZA SAFAEI; Ali Reza Yousefi; Jafar Ramazankhany
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 329-337
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of adding dried dairy wastes to the starter diet on growth performance in Holstein dairy calves. A total of 28 female newborn Holstein dairy calves were randomly allocated to four groups (n=7/group) and after two weeks of habituation to experimental conditions ...
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This study was aimed to investigate the effect of adding dried dairy wastes to the starter diet on growth performance in Holstein dairy calves. A total of 28 female newborn Holstein dairy calves were randomly allocated to four groups (n=7/group) and after two weeks of habituation to experimental conditions and diet, in a completely randomized design, individually fed starter diets containing 0 (control), 10, 20, or 30% dried dairy waste up to eight weeks of age. Feed intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency (gained weight/consumed feed) were measured weekly, during the experimental period. Results showed that body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency were not affected by the treatments. Interactive effect of treatments by week showed that the highest weight gain was for calves fed by the diet containing 10% dairy waste or control group at first week. However, the highest gain was recorded for those that received 30% dairy waste at week five of the experiment (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that the inclusion of dried dairy products up to 30% of calves’ starter diet had no adverse effect on performance, and therefore can be used as an affordable and valuable nutritional by-product of the dairy industry in the nutrition of calves.
Ali Nargeskhani; Ali Moharrery; Hossein Mehraban; Mohammad Javad Zamiri
Volume 23, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 337-349
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effect of a cellulosic (wheat straw; WS) and non-cellulosic (beet pulp; BP) forage source on high producing dairy cows during the transition period (three weeks before to six weeks after calving). Multiparous Holstein cows (n=36) with mean body weight of 697±59.6 ...
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This study was conducted to compare the effect of a cellulosic (wheat straw; WS) and non-cellulosic (beet pulp; BP) forage source on high producing dairy cows during the transition period (three weeks before to six weeks after calving). Multiparous Holstein cows (n=36) with mean body weight of 697±59.6 kg and body condition score of 3.3±0.22 were used in the experiment. Before calving, the cows received diets containing 7.17% WS (n=18) or BP (n=18). After calving, the cows in each group were divided into two subgroups (n=9), and received the diets containing 5% BP or WS. Prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) was similar between dietary treatments but prepartum digestibility of DM (P=0.05) and neutral detergent fiber (P= 0.06) was lower in cows feeding on the WS diet. The yield of energy-corrected milk, 4% fat-corrected milk and milk fat percentage tended to be higher in the cows fed with the BP diet during the prepartum period (P = 0.09). In conclusion, the results showed that feeding non-cellulosic forages during the transition period may improve the performance in dairy cows.
Mehrdad Shahizad; hamid Amanlou; Najme Eslamian Farsuni; Tahere Amirabadi Farahani; Hadi Khabazan
Volume 22, Issue 3 , September 2020, , Pages 349-356
Abstract
The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of different levels of sesame meal in early lactation cow's ration on dry matter intake, milkyield and composition, apparent digestibility of nutrients and blood metabolites. Six dairy lactating Holstein cows with average DIM 26± 3 (n=3primiparous ...
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The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of different levels of sesame meal in early lactation cow's ration on dry matter intake, milkyield and composition, apparent digestibility of nutrients and blood metabolites. Six dairy lactating Holstein cows with average DIM 26± 3 (n=3primiparous and n=3 multiparous cows) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental treatments (different levels of sesame meal) in repeated 3×3Latin square design. Experimental treatments were control (without sesame meal), 4.33% sesame meal and 8.66% sesame meal (DM basis). Theexperimental periods consisted of 21 d with the first 14 days as adaptation and the last 7 days as sampling days. Increasing level of sesame meal inearly lactation rations did not affect dry matter intake, milk yield and composition (fat, protein and lactose), feed utilization efficiency, apparentdigestibility of nutrients and blood metabolites (P 0.05), while milk urea nitrogen decreased with increasing the level of sesame meal (p < 0.05).Blood urea nitrogen concentrations also tended (P = 0.1) to decrease with increasing levels of sesame oil. In general, the lack of response in feedintake and milk yield with increasing the levels of sesame meal in early lactation cow's ration showed that sesame meal could be a proper proteinsource in early lactation cow's ration.
Yousef Naderi
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, , Pages 375-387
Abstract
The objective of this study was evaluating single-trait and multiple-trait animal models with considering imputation in simulated genomic data to estimate the accuracies of genomic prediction across various genomic scenarios and to detect genotype × environment (G × E) interaction. Genomic ...
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The objective of this study was evaluating single-trait and multiple-trait animal models with considering imputation in simulated genomic data to estimate the accuracies of genomic prediction across various genomic scenarios and to detect genotype × environment (G × E) interaction. Genomic data were simulated to reflect variations in number of QTL (90 and 900) and linkage disequilibrium (LD = low and high) using 50K SNP panel. Afterwards, 90 percent of the markers randomly removed and imputation was performed using FImpute software (version 2.2). The average accuracy of imputation for scenarios with high and low LD was 0.976 and 0.943, respectively. In all scenarios, negligible difference on the genomic accuracies was evident, when original genotypes and imputed genotypes were compared. The genomic accuracy reduced with decreasing the LD, heritability and the genetic correlation among the traits. Comparing to single-trait animal model, using multiple-trait animal model increased genomic accuracy. The level of LD and genetic correlation across environments play important roles providing genotype × environment interaction exists. On the one hand, considering genotype × environment interaction and its effect on increasing of genomic accuracy and imputation of low to high density marker panels (especially high LD scenarios) to reduce of the cost of genomic evaluation on the other hand could be a suitable and practical approach to improve genomic selection.
Abdolhakim Toghdory; Taghi Ghoorchi; Mohammad Asadi; Javad Zareie
Volume 25, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 389-398
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of feeding milk enriched with garlic powder on performance, digestibility of nutrients, diarrhea status and blood parameters in suckling lambs, twenty-four newborn lambs (birth weight 3.7±0.5) were randomly placed in three treatments and eight replications. The ...
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In order to investigate the effect of feeding milk enriched with garlic powder on performance, digestibility of nutrients, diarrhea status and blood parameters in suckling lambs, twenty-four newborn lambs (birth weight 3.7±0.5) were randomly placed in three treatments and eight replications. The lambs of the control group were fed with milk without garlic powder and the other groups were fed with 1.5 and 3 grams of garlic powder per day, respectively, for 45 days. The results obtained from this research showed that consumption of garlic powder in suckling lambs led to improvement in daily weight gain, final weight and starter feed consumption (P<0.05). Also, treatments caused a significant increase in digestibility of nutrients (P<0.05). The use of garlic powder in experimental lambs improved stool consistency and significantly reduced the number of lambs with diarrhea and the average days of diarrhea (P<0.05). By adding garlic powder, the concentration of glucose and high-density lipoprotein increased (P<0.05). In addition, garlic powder caused a significant decrease in the level of triglyceride, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein in plasma (P<0.05). However, different levels of garlic powder did not make a significant difference on the concentration of urea, albumin, globulin and the ratio of albumin to globulin. According to the present results, it is possible to use garlic powder up to the level of at least 1.5 grams per day as a food additive to improve the performance and health of suckling lambs.
Alireza Talebian Masoudi; Mohammad Mahdi Moeini; Manoochehr souri; Hormoz Mansouri; Masume Abdoli
Volume 18, Issue 3 , October 2016, , Pages 399-411
Abstract
The possibility of manufacturing and effects of a slow release non-protein nitrogen product on ruminant nutrition were evaluated in two separate experiments. In first experiment, making of slow release component was followed by connecting branched carbon chain to the molecule of urea to reduce the degree ...
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The possibility of manufacturing and effects of a slow release non-protein nitrogen product on ruminant nutrition were evaluated in two separate experiments. In first experiment, making of slow release component was followed by connecting branched carbon chain to the molecule of urea to reduce the degree of solubility. Then, the sample product was analyzed to assess its chemical structure, and also physical and chemical properties. In second experiment, in an in-vivo study, rumen fermentation characteristics, digestibility of feed, microbial protein production and nitrogen balance of produced compound were evaluated and compared with conventional use of urea and also a diet without non-protein nitrogen source. For this, four rumen fistulated adult sheep were used in change over Latin square experimental design. Infrared and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and physical and chemical properties were considered as indicators of the formation of the desired compound. Our data showed that using the slow release product in the diet reduced the nitrogen concentration and altered the amount and ratio of volatile fatty acids as well as pH values in the rumen. Feed intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and ADF as well as microbial protein production were not affected by the use of slow released product but there were significant differences between diets in relation to the nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen balance (P<0.01). It could be concluded that the slow release product of non-protein nitrogen has the potential to provide urea efficiently and its use in ruminant diets provides safer conditions as compared to the traditional use of urea nitrogen.
Behzad Khorrami
Volume 24, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 403-414
Abstract
Effect of sodium bicarbonate and pHmax buffer supplement on milk fat synthesis under milk fat depression conditions, using of 24 Holstein lactating cows were investigated in a completely randomized block design. Milk fat depression was induced in all cows for 10 d by feeding a diet containing high levels ...
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Effect of sodium bicarbonate and pHmax buffer supplement on milk fat synthesis under milk fat depression conditions, using of 24 Holstein lactating cows were investigated in a completely randomized block design. Milk fat depression was induced in all cows for 10 d by feeding a diet containing high levels of starch. The experiment was conducted in two periods including: first period (day 1 to 20), allocation of cows to the treatments 1) control, 2) basal diet + 0.8% pHmax and 3) basal diet + 0.8% sodium bicarbonate and in the second period (days 21 to 30), all cows were fed the control diet. Buffer supplements increased milk fat concentration, without affecting dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk protein and lactose concentrations. The concentration of total trans fatty acids decreased in the experimental treatments compared to the control. The trans -10: trans -11 ratio was lower in cows receiving the buffer supplements compared with cows receiving the control, which indicating the effect of these compounds on the improvement of milk fat synthesis by stimulating normal fatty acid biohydrogenation pathways in the rumen. Addition of buffer supplements increased milk fat synthesis, which persisted for one week after cessation of mentioned compounds. Therefore, using of sodium bicarbonate and pHmax can maintain milk fat in dairy cows fed with diets containing high starch and under milk fat depression conditions. Also, using of pHmax reduces the costs of using common buffer compounds such as sodium bicarbonate.
Alireza Shahtalab; Hamed Ahmadi; farid shariatmadari
Volume 21, Issue 4 , January 2020, , Pages 441-450
Abstract
The objective of this research was to compare the growth patterns of commercial broiler chickens, native chickens and domestic pigeon raised in Iran. The growth curves and their parameters were estimated by the Richards function. Body weight data of mixed-sex of commercial broiler chickens ...
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The objective of this research was to compare the growth patterns of commercial broiler chickens, native chickens and domestic pigeon raised in Iran. The growth curves and their parameters were estimated by the Richards function. Body weight data of mixed-sex of commercial broiler chickens (n=326000), native chickens (n=244000) and pigeon (n=4000) were used. Birds were fed ad libitum and weighed in alternating periods on their life. The accuracy of the curve fit was high in all species (R2 = 0.996 to 0.970). The y+/A ratios (weight at the inflection point over mature weight), which determine the shape of the growth curve, were 0.358, 0.379 and 0.352 in chickens, native birds and pigeons, respectively. The age at the inflection point confirmed the high early growth of pigeons (t+ = 10.2 d) and chickens(t+ = 36.6 d). The phenotypic correlations between the inflection parameters t+ and y+ were higher in commercial broiler chicken than native and pigeon. The inflection parameter t+ and y+ were positively associated with the maturing index k in all birds, in this way, the evolutionary aspects are discussed. In practical view, these results could be used to develop the production strategies for native chicken breed and domestic pigeon to positively affect the growth parameters, efficiency as well as conservation of local genetic resources.
Maryam Karami; Karim Hasanpur; Jamal Fayazi; Arash Javanmard; Hamid Varnaseri
Volume 23, Issue 4 , January 2022, , Pages 501-514
Abstract
The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of selection against ascites syndrome on different traits body growth, internal organs, and blood parameters in a broiler line. Therefore, by classifying different families based on the frequency of ascites under intense ascites inducing condition ...
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The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of selection against ascites syndrome on different traits body growth, internal organs, and blood parameters in a broiler line. Therefore, by classifying different families based on the frequency of ascites under intense ascites inducing condition (AIC), 10 susceptible families (SUS) and 10 resistant families (RES) to ascites were selected and another set of offspring from the same families were bred under normal commercial condition (NCC). This process of selection and cross validation was carried out twice in the two distinct generations. The genetic relationship of different traits, the difference in the frequency of ascites between AIC and NCC, and the difference between different traits in SUS and RES were performed by correlation statistics, Chi-square test, and GLM procedure of SAS software (version 9.1), respectively. The correlation between ascites susceptibility in different families indicated that families that showed more ascites under AIC also had more ascites under NCC. Comparative study of different traits in susceptible and resistant groups showed that in SUS, body weight, growth rate and respiratory capacity were significantly lower and blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide was significantly higher than RES (P<0.05). In the present study it was shown that selection against this syndrome not only does not reduce growth rate in the investigated broiler line, but also improves growth traits and resistance to this syndrome in the mentioned line.
Jafar Pish Jang Aghajeri; Ghodrat Rahimi Mianji; Hasan Hafezian; Mohsen Gholizadeh
Volume 20, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 527-537
Abstract
In the present study, the polymorphism of four loci including of TLR4, IL2, IgL and IFNγ, in 100 commercial broiler and layer chickens using PCR-RFLP technique and enzymes of Tsp509I, Sau96I and HphI were investigated. In TLR4 marker site, two alleles of C (two bands of 138 and 119 bp) and G (three ...
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In the present study, the polymorphism of four loci including of TLR4, IL2, IgL and IFNγ, in 100 commercial broiler and layer chickens using PCR-RFLP technique and enzymes of Tsp509I, Sau96I and HphI were investigated. In TLR4 marker site, two alleles of C (two bands of 138 and 119 bp) and G (three bands of 119, 99 and 39 bp), In IL2 locus, two alleles of A (four bands of 465, 64, 40 and 31bp) and B (five bands of 454, 64, 40, 31 and 11 bp), in IgL locus, two alleles M (two bands of 173, 161 and two bands of 10 bp) and N (three bands of 161, 103,70 and two bands of 10 bp) and in IFNγ locus, two alleles E (one band of 129 bp) and F (two bands of 90 and 39 bp) were identified. In TLR4, IL2, IgL and IFNγ markers sites, the population structure of the total population including the Shannon information index 0.43, 0.62, 0.68 and 0.69, the Fixation index -0.19, 0.37, -0.18 and 0.17 and the observed heterozygosity index 0.32, 0.27, 0.58 and 0.41 were estimated, respectively. Regarding the presence of polymorphism at these sites and in the case of studying the immune responses of the observed genotypes for these sites, can be used as marker for genetic breeding programs of chickens for increase of resistance to disease.
Golnaz Taasoli; Farrokh Kafilzadeh; Darab Ghadimi; Juan Loor; Micheal Ballou
Volume 22, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 529-536
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of diet containing high (40.7 %) non fibrous carbohydrates on some inflammatory and native immunity related genes expression in lactating Jersey cows. Seven lactating multiparous (2.5 ± 0.5) Jersey cows with 71 ± 3 days in milk ...
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The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of diet containing high (40.7 %) non fibrous carbohydrates on some inflammatory and native immunity related genes expression in lactating Jersey cows. Seven lactating multiparous (2.5 ± 0.5) Jersey cows with 71 ± 3 days in milk and 28 ± 6.6 kg of average milk production were used. All cows received a control diet containing low (34.3 percentage of dry matter) non fibrous carbohydrates content for the first 14 days and then were were switched to a diet containing high (40.7 percentage of dry matter) non fibrous carbohydrates content for one week. Blood samples were collected on day 0 (After 14 days of feeding control diet) and days 4 and 7 after feeding high NFC diet. Relative gene expression of seven genes (IL1-β, TNF-α, MNDA, CD74, TLR2, SELECTIN, TGF1-β) were measured. The results showed that gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1-β and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory proteins (MNDA, D74, TLR2, SELECTIN, TGF1-β) was down regulated during feeding of high NFC diet (p < 0.05). These data indicated that feeding a high non-fibrous carbohydrates diet caused inflammation and affected immunity system in lactating Jersey cows.
Somayeh Fathi; ali assadi-alamouti; Ahmad Afzalzadeh; Mohammad Ali Norouzian
Volume 19, Issue 3 , November 2017, , Pages 545-555
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate effects of in vitro fermentation of different forages co-incubated with different types of non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) on gas production, digestibility, microbial biomass, medium pH and ammonia concentration. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (9 ...
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The aim was to evaluate effects of in vitro fermentation of different forages co-incubated with different types of non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) on gas production, digestibility, microbial biomass, medium pH and ammonia concentration. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (9 treatments and 3 replicates) were used wherein wheat straw, alfalfa hay and corn silage constituted main forage sources and starch, sucrose and pectin were components of NFC. 0.2 g of each forage samples incubated with 0.3 g of each NFC component for 24 h and gas production, apparent and true digestibility, microbial biomass, pH and ammonia concentration measured. Forage and NFC sources, alone but not in combination, had a significant effect on gas production, digestibility as well as ammonia concentration (p<0.05). The estimated microbial biomass was lower for wheat straw samples (0.14 vs. 0.16 g /g DM digested for other forage samples), but was not affected by NFC and its interaction with forage sources (p<0.05). Also, NFC sources affected medium pH significantly with the lowest values for sucrose while the highest for pectin. Results showed that previously known effects of NFC sources in vivo are also consistently observed in vitro while it was not affected by co-incubation with different forage sources.
shoheil mirhabibi; nasser Emam jomeh kashan; shahabodin gharahveysi
Volume 18, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 671-678
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to study reason of culling, non genetic effects and genetic parameters of longevity with two method linear model and Weibull. A data set of information from Holstein dairy cows of Isfahan province (Iran) was used for this study. The culling date of 36340 animals ...
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The present investigation was undertaken to study reason of culling, non genetic effects and genetic parameters of longevity with two method linear model and Weibull. A data set of information from Holstein dairy cows of Isfahan province (Iran) was used for this study. The culling date of 36340 animals from 65 herds recorded in 1993-2014 was used. From 33219 culled cows in these years were 27.9 and 72.1 percent for voluntary and involuntary culling respectively. Lifespan and Length of productive life (LPL) were analyzed for longevity. Functional productive life (FPL) was estimated by adjusting LPL for first lactation milk yield relative to herd average. The mean of lifespan and length of productive life were estimated to be 954 and 1710 (days) respectively. The results with GLM procedure showed that HYS and age at the first calving had significant on length of productive life. The results with Lifereg procedure with Weibull function showed that effects of herd, year of first calving (p
tahereh mohammadabadi; Khalil Mirzadeh
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 765-776
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of processing sesame straw with low steam pressure, sulfuric acid and enzyme mixture on digestibility and ruminal fermentation, protozoa population, rumination and some blood parameters of Arabi sheep. Twelve sheep were fed with control diet (without ...
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This research was conducted to investigate the effect of processing sesame straw with low steam pressure, sulfuric acid and enzyme mixture on digestibility and ruminal fermentation, protozoa population, rumination and some blood parameters of Arabi sheep. Twelve sheep were fed with control diet (without sesame straw), diet containing sesame straw processed with 2.4 % sulfuric acid and low steam pressure at 130 °C for 120 minutes and 3 gr/kg DM enzyme, diet containing sesame straw processed by sulfuric acid and enzyme and diet containing sesame straw processed with water. The dry matter and organic matter intake, daily gain, feed conversion, apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and ADF did not differ between treatments.The processing did not affect ammonia nitrogen, pH, and rumen protozoa species of sheep. Chewing, rumination and resting times were different between treatments and the greatest rumination time (491.67 minutes per day) was for processing with acid and enzyme (P<0.05). The eating, rumination and chewing time for dry matter, ADF and NDF, and blood glucose and urea of sheep were not different. Therefore, according to results of this experiment, sesame straw processed with water, processed with sulfuric acid and low steam pressure and enzymes and processed with acid and enzyme can be used at the expense of wheat straw in the sheep nutrition.