seyyed mohammadreza salavati; Ahmad Hassanabadi; Mohsen Teimurty; Aliakbar Salari
Volume 23, Issue 2 , July 2021, , Pages 255-267
Abstract
The effect of heat processing of wheat grains and enzyme supplementation on its apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and digestibility of protein and dry matter as well as the effect of their use in the diet on the growth performance, jejunum morphology and microbial population of ileum were investigated. ...
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The effect of heat processing of wheat grains and enzyme supplementation on its apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and digestibility of protein and dry matter as well as the effect of their use in the diet on the growth performance, jejunum morphology and microbial population of ileum were investigated. For this purpose, 480 broiler chickens in a 4×2 factorial experiment with three levels of heat processing of wheat at 55, 70 and 85 °C for 2.5 minutes (with one treatment without thermal processing) and Rovabio enzyme (0 and 500 g/ton of diet) was used in a completely randomized design with eight treatments, six replicates of 10 birds each at the age of 25-42 days. Heat processing of wheat at 55 and 85 °C increased its AME compared to unprocessed treatment; So that the AME of processed wheat at 85 °C was 2.49% higher than unprocessed wheat (P<0.05). Enzyme supplementation significantly increased the AME of wheat (P < 0.05). Wheat processing at all three temperatures reduced the height of jejunum villi compared to the unprocessed group (P < 0.01). Also, processing of wheat at 70 and 85 °C increased the population of lactobacilli compared to treatment without processing (P = 0.05). The use of enzyme in the diet reduced the feed intake of the birds and the height of jejunal villi (P<0.05). Overall,, enzyme supplementation and heat processing of wheat improve its AME but have no remarkable effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens.
Hamed Ahmadi; Vahid Rasoli Marivani; Yousef Mohammadi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 281-288
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine regression equations to predict metabolizable energy of wheat samples given their chemical compositions using meta-analytical approach. A database compromising chemical compositions and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for the nitrogen (AMEn) ...
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The goal of this study was to determine regression equations to predict metabolizable energy of wheat samples given their chemical compositions using meta-analytical approach. A database compromising chemical compositions and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for the nitrogen (AMEn) of 111 published sources of wheat strains was used. Sample information contains crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), ash and AMEn. Average values for AMEn was calculated as 2917.46 (kcal/kg), while for the CP, EE, CF, ash was calculated as 12.53, 2.12, 1.61and 1.56 (% dry matter), respectively. Meta-regression equations for predicting AMEn wheat based on chemical composition were developed and evaluated by means of provided database. Best equation obtained as: AMEn (kcal/kg)=1648+45.8 %CP+175.8 %EE+ 185.4 %CF. This equation can be used for predicting energy of wheat variates in feed-factories and poultry farms.
Seyyed Majid Azarm; Somayyeh Salari; Mohsen Sari; Mohammad Reza Ghorbani; Mohammad Hojjati
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 301-312
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Thyme essential oil on performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chickens fed diets containing wheat in a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement using 264 broilers (Ross 308) in ground floor. Treatments ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Thyme essential oil on performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chickens fed diets containing wheat in a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement using 264 broilers (Ross 308) in ground floor. Treatments consisted of 2 levels of wheat (0 and 50% of the diet) and 3 levels of essential oil of Thyme (0, 200 and 400 ppm). Performance parameters were recorded weekly. Determination of micro-flora, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters were done on day 42. The results showed that adding the Thyme essential oil to the diet containing 50% wheat increased feed intake at the all period of experiment. Body weight gain was increased significantly in the birds that consumed 50% wheat with 400 ppm essence compared to the birds consumed the diet without wheat or without essence at the starter period. The birds consumed the diet without wheat with essence had lower blood concentration of LDL. Although, adding essence at the level of 400 ppm to the diet without wheat increased significantly blood concentration of HDL. The diet contained 50% wheat without essence had higher abdominal fat compared to the diet with 200 and 400 ppm of essence without wheat and also the diet contained 50% wheat with 400 ppm essence. Overall, the use of Thyme essence at the level of 400 ppm in wheat-based diet is recommended for increasing feed intake and improving some physiological parameters of broiler chickens.
Heydar Zarghi; َAbolghasem Golian; Ahmad Hassanabadi; Farhad Khaligh
Volume 20, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 577-587
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the zinc (Zn) requirement in broiler chickens fed wheat-soy based diet. Two hundred fifty day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308), were randomly assigned to a completely randomised design (CRD) experiment with 5 treatments, and 5 replicates of 10b each. The experimental ...
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The present study was conducted to determine the zinc (Zn) requirement in broiler chickens fed wheat-soy based diet. Two hundred fifty day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308), were randomly assigned to a completely randomised design (CRD) experiment with 5 treatments, and 5 replicates of 10b each. The experimental treatments included five dietary Zn levels (30, 70, 110, 150, and 190 mg/kg) provided by the addition of reagent grade “ZnSO4.7H2O”. The experiment lasted from 1-42d of age. Increasing dietary Zn level to 70mg/kg significantly increased 10, 24 and 42d live body weight (LBW), feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) during 1-10, 25-42 and 1-42d of age and feed efficiency (FE) during 1-10d of age. The linear broken-line (LBL), quadratic-broken line (QBL) and the quadratic polynomial (QP) regression models were used to estimate the Zn requirement. The Zn requirement for optimal final LBW and FI, WG, and FE during 1-42d of ages by LBL model were 68.77, 83.12, 66.99 and 62.75 mg/kg of diet, and by QBL model 70.00, 79.93, 69.63 and 58.01 mg/kg of diet, respectively. In conclusion, Zn requirement varied between 58-83 mg/kg, which is higher than NRC and is lower than strain recommendation in the broiler chickens fed wheat-based diet.
Massome Nouri; Mohammad Reza Ghorbani; Ahmad Tatar; Mohammad Amin Mehrnia
Volume 20, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 315-327
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of clove essential oil nanoemulsion (CEON) on performance of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diet. A total of 280 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308, mix sex) were used in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replicats. ...
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The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of clove essential oil nanoemulsion (CEON) on performance of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diet. A total of 280 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308, mix sex) were used in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replicats. The experimental treatments were; 1- control, 2- control supplemented with enzyme (En), 3- control supplemented with 200 mg/kg clove essential oil (CEO) and 4 to 7 were control supplemented with 200, 150, 100 and 50 mg/kg of CEON, respectively. The results of this experiment showed that in the whole rearing period, the feed intake and body weight gain of birds fed diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg CEON decreased significantly compared with control and En treatments (P≤0.05). In the whole period of experiment, chicks fed diets supplemented with CEO and 50 mg/kg CEON had better feed conversion ratio compared with control group (P≤0.05). Serum triglyceride concentration decreased significantly in chicks fed diets containing different levels of CEON compared to En treatment (P≤0.05). Relative weight of bursa increased in chicks fed diets containing CEO and 200 mg/kg CEON in comparison with control treatment. Supplementation broiler diets with CEO and 200, 150 and 100 mg/kg CEON decreased significantly Escherichia coli populations of cecal content (P≤0.05). According to the results of this experiment, supplementation broiler wheat-based diets with CEON may decrease Escherichia coli populations of cecal content.
Fereshteh Jamile; Abolghasem Golian; Hasan Kermanshahi; Ahmad Hasanabadi; Heydar Zarghi
Volume 18, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 287-297
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two levels of four commercial multi-enzymes on the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) and digestibility of crude fat, crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter in broiler chickens through total excreta collection method. ...
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two levels of four commercial multi-enzymes on the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) and digestibility of crude fat, crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter in broiler chickens through total excreta collection method. One hundred thirty male broiler chicks were assigned to 45 metabolic cages involving 9 treatments, and 5 replicates of 3 chicks each. A control diet was made so that wheat was the sole source of energy supply. Eight experimental diets were prepared with the addition of one or two recommended levels of each commercial multi-enzymes to the control diet. The chickens had free access to feed and water ad-libitum from 17 to 23 days of age. Gross energy, crude protein, crude fat, organic matter, and dry matter were measured in feed and excreta samples. Addition of one or two recommended levels of different commercial enzymes to diet significantly increased (P< 0.05) AMEn and apparent digestibility of fat, protein, dry matter, and organic matter in wheat. However, there was not a significant difference between the levels and the four types of added commercial enzymes on AMEn and nutrient digestibility values. The results revealed that metabolisable energy value of Falat wheat improved by 70 to 120 kcal per kg, regardless of the type and activity of the four commercial enzymes used in this study.
Ali Ghodrat; Akbar Yaghobfar; Yahya Ebrahimnezhad; Habib Aghdam Shahryar; Abolfazl Ghorbani
Volume 17, Issue 1 , April 2015, , Pages 39-49
Abstract
This study was carried out to determination of in vitro binding capacity of organic (wheat and barley) and inorganic (perlite) sources for Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe. For this reason wheat and barley were analyzed chemically for moisture, protein, ash, and ether extract, total carbohydrate, NDF, ADF, ADL, crude ...
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This study was carried out to determination of in vitro binding capacity of organic (wheat and barley) and inorganic (perlite) sources for Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe. For this reason wheat and barley were analyzed chemically for moisture, protein, ash, and ether extract, total carbohydrate, NDF, ADF, ADL, crude fiber, viscosity, cellulose, and total dietary fiber. The in vitro mineral binding capacity of wheat, barley, and perlite to Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu under sequential simulated physiological conditions of the stomach, small intestine, and colon was investigated and compared. Acid washing was efficient in removing most endogenous minerals from samples with the exception of Fe. Barley showed the highest mineral binding capacity for Mn (5.16 percent), Zn (11.07 percent), and Cu (44.48 percent) in small intestine. Perlite had lower mineral binding capacity (Mn (0.76 percent), Zn (1.74 percent) and Cu (1.41 percent) than wheat and barley. Organic sources had an affinity for Fe > Cu > Zn > Mn. Dietary Fiber had a negative impact on mineral bioavailability.
Golestan Golestani Milanloo; seyed davood sharifi; Akbar Yaghoub far; Ali akbar Khadem
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Natuzyme Plus (a multi enzyme) in diets containing wheat and canola meal on broiler performance. A total of 336 day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates. Experimental ...
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This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Natuzyme Plus (a multi enzyme) in diets containing wheat and canola meal on broiler performance. A total of 336 day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates. Experimental diets were: 1 . Diet based on corn-soybean meal (control), 2 . Diet containing 30 precent wheat and 3 . Diet containing 30 percent wheat + 10 percent canola meal, which Natozyme was added (350 g/ton) to these diets to make diets containing enzyme (totally six treatments). Adding enzyme to diet containing wheat and canola meal increased significantly feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at starter and overall rearing period (P< 0.01). Use of Natuzyme Plus in diet containing wheat and canola meal reduced significantly the relative weight of digestive organs in compared of same diets without enzyme. The results of this study indicate that the performance of broiler chickens fed the diets containing wheat and canola meal could be improve by supplementing with Natuzyme plus preparations.
Majid Alahyari Shahrasb; Hossein Moravvej; Mahmoud Shivazad
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 39-48
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of reduction or removal of dietary vitamin premix during finisher period (29-42 days of ages) on performance and immunocompetence of broiler chicks fed wheat and barley based diet. A total of 288 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to four ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of reduction or removal of dietary vitamin premix during finisher period (29-42 days of ages) on performance and immunocompetence of broiler chicks fed wheat and barley based diet. A total of 288 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to four treatment groups, with four replicates per treatment group and 18 birds per replicate pen at 29 day of age. The dietary treatments were: T1) the basal diet with no vitamin premix, T2) the basal diet 33.33 percent vitamin premix, T3) the basal diet 66.66 percent vitamin premix and T4) the basal diet 100 percent vitamin premix. Feed intake and weight gain were measured at 35 and 42 days of ages and feed conversion ratio was calculated. At 35 and 42 days of age, after slaughtered and determine carcass weight and the organs bursa of fabricius and spleen weights and immunocompetence was evaluated at 42 day of age, based on SRBC, IgG and IgM titers. Results showed that different levels of vitamin premix did not impair performance and immunocompetence response during the final period of broilers (29-42d). In conclusion, it is possible to remove vitamin premix from finisher diets.