Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan,
2 Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Animal Science Department, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran.
4 Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran.
5 Department of Food Science, Animal Science and Food Technology Faculty, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan,
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Thyme essential oil on performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chickens fed diets containing wheat in a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement using 264 broilers (Ross 308) in ground floor. Treatments consisted of 2 levels of wheat (0 and 50% of the diet) and 3 levels of essential oil of Thyme (0, 200 and 400 ppm). Performance parameters were recorded weekly. Determination of micro-flora, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters were done on day 42. The results showed that adding the Thyme essential oil to the diet containing 50% wheat increased feed intake at the all period of experiment. Body weight gain was increased significantly in the birds that consumed 50% wheat with 400 ppm essence compared to the birds consumed the diet without wheat or without essence at the starter period. The birds consumed the diet without wheat with essence had lower blood concentration of LDL. Although, adding essence at the level of 400 ppm to the diet without wheat increased significantly blood concentration of HDL. The diet contained 50% wheat without essence had higher abdominal fat compared to the diet with 200 and 400 ppm of essence without wheat and also the diet contained 50% wheat with 400 ppm essence. Overall, the use of Thyme essence at the level of 400 ppm in wheat-based diet is recommended for increasing feed intake and improving some physiological parameters of broiler chickens.
Keywords
2. Antongiovanni M, Buccioni A, Petacchi F, Leeson S, Minieri S, Martini A and Cecchi R (2007) Butyric acid glycerides in the diet of broiler chicken: effect on gut histology and carcass composition. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 6: 19-25.
3. Attia YA, Bakhashwain AA, Bertu NK (2017) Thyme oil (Thyme vulgaris L.) as a natural growth promoter for broiler chickens reared under hot climate. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 16: 275-282.
4. Basmacioglu H, Baysal S, Misirlioglu Z, Polat M, Yilmaz H and Turan N (2010) Effects of oregano essential oil with or without feed enzymes on growth performance, digestive enzyme, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism, and immune response of broilers fed on wheat-soybean meal diets. British Poultry Science, 51: 67-80.
5. Bolokbaşi ŞC, Erhan MK and Ozkan A (2006) Effect of dietary thyme oil and vitamin E on
growth, lipid oxidation, meat fatty acid composition and serum lipoproteins of broilers. South African Journal of Animal Science, 36(3): 189-196.
6. Botsoglou NA, Florou-Paner P, Christaki E, Fletouris DJ and Spais AB (2002) Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast, thigh and abdominal fat tissue. British Poultry Science, 43: 223-230.
7. Collier CT, Van Der Klis JD, Deplancke B, Anderson DB and Gaskins HR (2003) Effects of tylosin on bacterial mucolysis, Clostridium Perfringens colonization and intestinal barrier function in a chick model of necrotic enteritis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 47: 3311-3317.
8. Cross DE, Mcdivit RM, Hillman K and Acamovic T (2007) The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. British Poultry Science, 48: 496-506.
9. Denli M, Okan F and Uluocak A (2004) Effect of dietary supplementation of herb essential oil on the growth performance, carcass and intestinal characteristics of quail. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34(3): 174-179.
10. El-Ghousein SS, and Al-Beitawi NA (2009) The effect of feeding of crushed thyme (Thymus valgaris L.) on growth, blood constituents, gastrointestinal tract and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Journal of
12. Ewing W (2009) Living gut, Nottingham University Press,
13. Guban J, Korver DR, Allison GE and Tannock GW (2006) Relationship of dietary antimicrobial drug administration with broilerperformance, decreased population levels of Lactobacillus salivarius, and reduced bile salt deconjugation in the ileum of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 85: 2186-2194.
14. Hashemipour H, Khaksar V, Rubio LA, Veldkamp T and Krimpen MM (2016) Effect of feed supplementation with a thymol plus carvacrol mixture, in combination or not with an NSP-degrading enzyme, on productive and physiological parameters of broilers fed on wheat-based diets, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 211: 117-131.
15. Hernandez F, Madrid J, Garcia V, Orengo J and Megias MD (2004) Influence of two plant extracts on broiler performance, digestibility and digestive organ size. Journal of Poultry Science, 83: 169-174.
16. Jamroz D, Orda J, Kamel C, Wiliczkiewicz A, Wertelecki T and Skorupinska J (2003) The Influence of phytogenic extracts on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gut microbial status in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 12: 583-596.
17. Jamroz D, Wiliczkiewicz A, Werteleckı T, Orda J and Sukorupinska J (2005) Use of active substances of plant origin in chicken diets based on maize and locally grown cereals. British Poultry Science, (46): 485-493.
18. Khaksar V, Golian A and Kermanshahi H (2012) Immune response and ileal microflora in broilers fed wheat-based diet with or without enzyme Endofeed W and supplementation of thyme essential oil or probiotic PrimaLac®. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11: 14716-14723.
19. Khaksar V, Krimpen MV, Hashemipour H and Pilevar M (2012) Effects of Thyme essential oil on performance, some blood parameters and ileal microflora of Japanese quail. Journal of Poultry Science, 49: 106-110.
20. Mehrabadi M., Shariatmadari F and Karimi Torshizi MA (2011) Effect of Antibiofen, Galipro and Virginamicine in diets containing barley on growth performance, SRBC immune response and cholesterol and triglyceride of blood on broiler chickens. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 27(3): 431-439. (in Persian)
21. Motejaded V, Nassiri Moghaddam H and Hassan Abadi A (2013) Effects of Mint Powder on Microbial Population, Carcass Characteristics and Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Wheat. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 5(1): 11-19. (in Persian)
22. National Research Council (1994) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th revised ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
23. Pourmahmoud B, Aghazadeh AM and Maheri Sis N (2013) The Effect of Thyme extract on growth performance, digestive organ weights and serum lipoproteins of broilers fed wheatbased
diets. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 12: 337-341.
24. Santos JR, Ferket PR, Grimes JL and Edens FW (2004) Dietary supplementation of endo xlanases and phospholipase for turkeys fed on wheat-based rations. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3: 20-32.
25. SAS Institute (2008) SAS/STAT 9.1 User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
26. Svihus B, Choct M and Classen HL (2012) Function and nutritional roles of the avian caeca: a review. Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 69: 249-263.
)