leili jamshidi; sayed abdoullah hosseini; Amir Hossein Alizadeh-Ghamsari
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 61-71
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamins play an important role in improving the performance, immune system, and growth of birds. In recent years, due to the increase of the price of synthetic vitamin supplements and also due to the limitation of the use of commercial antioxidants, plant-based antioxidant sources have ...
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Introduction: Vitamins play an important role in improving the performance, immune system, and growth of birds. In recent years, due to the increase of the price of synthetic vitamin supplements and also due to the limitation of the use of commercial antioxidants, plant-based antioxidant sources have been considered in the poultry industry. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of herbal vitamin E supplements on production traits, humoral immune responses, and some blood parameters of broiler chickens.
Material and method: In a completely randomized design 480 Arian broiler chickens (one-day-old, mixed sexes) were allocated to four treatments, four replicates, and 30 birds in each replicate. Experimental treatments included: 1. basal diet (Contains 25 IU of synthetic vitamin E), 2. basal diet + 25 IU synthetic vitamin E, 3. basal diet + 50 mg herbal vitamin E supplement, and 4. basal diet + 100 mg herbal vitamin E Supplement. In this experiment, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. On day 40, two birds per replicate were randomly selected, weighed, and killed, and then the entire empty carcass and parts of the carcass including breast, thigh, neck back, and wings, abdominal fat, and some organs including heart and spleen were weighed. One day 40 days, to measure the concentration of total protein, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes, blood was collected from each replicate of 4 birds. On day 33 to measure antibody titer against Newcastle disease and influenza, 1 ml SRBC was injected into 4 birds in each repetition.
Result and discussion: The results showed that the experimental treatments had no effects on feed intake, body weight, and FCR. Also, carcass characteristics including carcass percentage, breast, thigh, back, and neck percentage, abdominal fat, heart, spleen, and blood parameters were not affected by experimental treatments. Antibody titer against sheep red blood cell injection had no significant effect.
Conclusion: In total, according to the recommendation of commercial strains, the requirement of vitamin E is 50 IU, therefore in case of providing 25 IU of synthetic vitamin E in the diet, it is possible to provide the rest of the need up to 50 IU by using the herbal vitamin E supplement (at the rate of 50 mg per kilogram of feed) considering there are economic considerations.
Zahra Alimohammadi; Hassan Shirzadi; Kamran Taherpour; Ali Khatibjoo
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 73-86
Abstract
Introduction: With the increase of the population in the last century, the need for protein sources, especially protein with animal origin, has increased. One of the important and inexpensive sources of animal proteins is poultry products. However, many food-borne diseases that are among the most obvious ...
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Introduction: With the increase of the population in the last century, the need for protein sources, especially protein with animal origin, has increased. One of the important and inexpensive sources of animal proteins is poultry products. However, many food-borne diseases that are among the most obvious problems related to human health are transmitted to humans through poultry products. Generally, poultry are sensitive to pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium, Salmonella, and Campylobacter. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the main causes of bacterial enteritis in humans and account for about 90% and less than 10% of deaths in people with campylobacteriosis, respectively. Poultry farmers use antibiotic growth promoters to prevent the colonization of pathogenic bacteria, but their use has been banned in European Union since 2006 due to antibiotic resistance. However, in order to prevent the reduction of growth performance and mortality caused by the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to introduce suitable alternatives. The antimicrobial potential of several medicinal plants, some plant-derived bioactive compoundsas well as some organic acids against a suspension of two Campylobacter serotypes (including 8 strains of C. jejuni and 3 strains of C. coli) has been investigated, under in vitro study. It has been revealed that oregano, rosemary, and cinnamon have a higher potential in reducing campylobacter colonization, among other phytobiotic compounds. Considering that under in vivo conditions, no research has been conducted on these medicinal plants with broiler chickens exposed to Campylobacter colonization. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the growth performance, excreta microbiota, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens challenged with C. jejuni and evaluating the potential of oregano, rosemary, and cinnamon in reducing the negative effects of this pathogen.
Material and Methods: A total of 192 one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates of 8 birds. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1-negative control (NC; basal diet without additive and without of C. jejuni); 2-positive control (PC; basal diet without additives but challenged with C. jejuni); 3-basal diet + Erythromycin (55 mg/kg); 4-basal diet + oregano powder (3 g/kg); 5- basal diet + rosemary powder (3 g/kg) and 6-basal diet+cinnamon powder (3 g/kg). All chickens were orally gavaged once a day with a suspension of C. jejuni live culture (2×108 cfu/mL, 1 mL/bird) on days 21 to 25, with the exception of those fed the NC. Throughout the experimental period, the birds were fed ad libitum and had free access to water.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the C. jejuni, while weakening performance during the growth period, caused an increase in campylobacter colonization and a decrease in lactobacilli counts of the excreta (P<0.05). The reason for the improvement of the microflora can be due to the presence of antibacterial compounds such as thymol, carvacrol, verbenone, and cinnamaldehyde in the composition of the mentioned medicinal plants. Campylobacter jejuni also decreased the digestibility of organic matter and led to a decrease in villous height, villous height to crypt depth ratio, and villi surface area in the jejunum (P<0.05). The reason for the improvement of the intestinal morphology by herbal additives can be due to the improvement of the microflora of the digestive tract. All the negative effects arising from C. jejuni were alleviated by dietary treatments containing feed additives (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that oregano and rosemary have the potential to reduce the pathogenic effects of Campylobacter jejuni and can be used as suitable alternatives to antibiotics in feeding broilers.
Abuzar Bastami; Ali Naghipour; Ali Khatibjoo; Farshid Fattahnia
Volume 25, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 415-428
Abstract
In this experiment, the effect of two types of zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) chelate on performance and bone characteristics of broiler chickens were considered in a completely randomized design, using 490 Ross-308 broiler chickens (one-d-old, mixed sexes) with 7 treatments, 5 replicates and 14 birds in each ...
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In this experiment, the effect of two types of zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) chelate on performance and bone characteristics of broiler chickens were considered in a completely randomized design, using 490 Ross-308 broiler chickens (one-d-old, mixed sexes) with 7 treatments, 5 replicates and 14 birds in each replicate. Treatment consisted of: 1) control (basal diet), 2-4) control + 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg Zn-Meth of Zin-Pro® respectively and 5-7), control + 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg zn-Met synthetized by Ilam University. Results showed that as compared to group, none of zn-Met source had significant effect on broiler chickens feed intake, body weight, FCR and EPEF, carcass and breast and thigh percentages, serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and Ca concentrations, activity of Alkaline phosphatase, Aspartate transaminase and Alanine aminotransferase enzymes and tibia characteristics including weight, dry matter and ash percentages, length, width and diameter and P and Ca percentages (P < 0.05) while broilers fed diet containing Zn-Meth had higher serum and tibia Zn concentration, higher villous height and villous height to crypt depth ratio and lower villous width in ileum and jejunum as compared to negative control group (P < 0.05). Generally, both of the chelates had similar effects on broiler chicken’s performance, small intestine morphology and tibia traits and Iranian kind of Zn-Meth has capability to substitution with foreign source of it although needs to further investigations.
Shokufeh Hasanvand; Ali Khatibjoo; Hassan Shizadi; Yahya Mohamadi; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; Drakhshanda Rahimhi
Volume 25, Issue 3 , October 2023, , Pages 325-341
Abstract
Introduction: Exposure of poultry birds to extreme temperature stressor modulates the immune responsiveness and haemato-biochemical parameters of birds. Cold temperature can increase ascites susceptibility by increasing both metabolic oxygen requirements and pulmonary hypertension. Biochar is an ash ...
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Introduction: Exposure of poultry birds to extreme temperature stressor modulates the immune responsiveness and haemato-biochemical parameters of birds. Cold temperature can increase ascites susceptibility by increasing both metabolic oxygen requirements and pulmonary hypertension. Biochar is an ash substance that is produced from the burning of biological material via pyrolysis. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of wet Litter Biochar on performance of cold-stressed broiler chickens.
Material and Methods: In this experiment, the effect of wet litter biochar (WLB), probiotic and zeolite on performance, blood metabolites and small intestine morphology of broiler chickens reared under cold stress were investigated. In a completely randomized design 350 Ross-308 broiler chickens (one-day-old, mixed sexes) were allocated to seven treatments, five replicates and 10 birds in each replicate. Experimental treatments included: 1) positive control (basal diet in recommended temperature), 2) negative control (basal diet+ cold stress), 3) negative control+ %0.5 WLB, 4) negative control+ %0.75 WLB, 5) negative control+ 1% WLB, 6) negative control+ 0.02% probiotic Ecobacto-P, and 7) negative control+ 1% zeolite. In cold stress groups, house temperature decreased to 17° C from 7 d until end of the experiment (42 d).
Results and Discussion: As compared to group reared in recommended house, cold stress significantly decreased broiler chickens feed intake, body weight gain (BWG), carcass and abdominal fat percentages, serum triglyceride concentration, activity of aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes as well as villous width of jejunum and ileum while increased total and ascitic mortality, ileal and jejunal villous height and crypt depth to villous length ratio (P<0.05). Inclusion of 0.5 and 1% WLB and probiotic increased broiler chickens BWG, ileal and jejunal villous length and surface area, but decreased feed conversion ratio as compared to negative control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Generally, although addition of wet litter biochar and probiotic led to improvement in performance and small intestine morphometry of cold-stressed broiler chickens, but they did not completely catch-up negative effects of cold stress on broiler chickens.
farid moslemipur; Tahereh Aftabi; Shahriar Maghsoudlou; Ebrahim Gholamalipur Alamdari
Volume 24, Issue 2 , July 2022, , Pages 201-211
Abstract
Effect of using eucalyptus (Eucalyptus SPP) leaf chloroform oral extract (EE) and black pepper (Piper nigrum) powder (BP) in diet on growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters and microbial populations of intestine and syrinx was investigated in a 42 days trial with 160 Cobb 500 day-old chicks ...
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Effect of using eucalyptus (Eucalyptus SPP) leaf chloroform oral extract (EE) and black pepper (Piper nigrum) powder (BP) in diet on growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters and microbial populations of intestine and syrinx was investigated in a 42 days trial with 160 Cobb 500 day-old chicks divided into four treatments and four replicates as a completely randomized design. The treatments were 1- basal diet (control), 2- basal diet and adding 0.1 % EE solution in drinking water, 3- diet having 0.2% BP, and 4- diet having 0.2% BP and 0.1% EE solution in drinking water. Over the study, feed intake of chickens consumed oral EE or BP in diet and/or the combination of them was lower than chickens in control group (P<0.05). Weight gain and feed conversion ratio of chickens were not affected by the treatments. Oral EE resulted in greater percentile lungs weight and lower heart and abdominal fat weights in chickens (P<0.05). Using oral EE or BP in diet and/or the combination of them caused a significant decrease in serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol and uric acid in chickens (P<0.05). Hematological parameters of chickens were not affected by the experimental treatments. Chickens consumed oral EE or BP in diet and/or the combination of them showed a significant lower intestinal E-coli population than control birds (P<0.05). Furthermore, using oral EE caused a decrease in Mycoplasma population of broilers Syrinx (P<0.05). The results showed that using oral EE leads to lowered abdominal fat and microbial populations of intestine and syrinx while adding BP in diet leads a decrease in microbial populations of intestine in broiler chickens.
shokoufe ghazanfari; mohammad ahmadpanah; seyed davood sharifi
Volume 23, Issue 4 , January 2022, , Pages 561-571
Abstract
The effects of different sources of copper supplementation on growth performance, some blood biochemical and immune parameters, microbial population of small intestine and meat quality were investigated with using of 240 male broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates ...
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The effects of different sources of copper supplementation on growth performance, some blood biochemical and immune parameters, microbial population of small intestine and meat quality were investigated with using of 240 male broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates from 1 to 42 days. Treatments consisted of control treatment (basal diet without copper supplement) and four diets containing 16 mg/kg of copper-glycine, copper-sulfate, copper-nanochelate and copper nano-glycinec. The results showed that the use of different sources of copper had no effect on growth performance, some blood biochemical parameters and percentage of heterophil, lymphocyte, white blood cell, antibody titer against Newcastle disease, cholesterol, triglycerides and water holding capacity and pH of meat of broilers. Gastrointestinal relative weight in birds fed with diet containing copper-glycine was lower than the birds receiving copper-nanochelate (P<0.05). The total microbial population of ileum in birds fed diets without copper and copper-sulfate was higher than birds receiving diet containing copper-glycine (P<0.01). Meat malondialdehyde concentration of birds fed with diets containing copper-glycine and copper nano-glycine after 6 day of storage at refrigerator was lower than other birds (P<0.01). According to the results, the use of 16 mg/kg of copper from organic, mineral and nano sources in the diet has no effect on growth performance, immune system and ileal microbiota in broilers, but the use of copper-glycine and copper nano-glycine supplements in the diet reduces the oxidation of meat.
Fatemeh Basiriyan; Omidali Esmaeilipour; Mozhgan Mazhari; Nemat Ziaei
Volume 23, Issue 4 , January 2022, , Pages 573-581
Abstract
This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of Ziziphus jujube and Elaeagnus angustifolia powder on growth performance, blood metabolites and meat quality of broiler chickens at high temperature conditions. In this experiment, 160 one-day-old male broiler chickens of Ross 308 were used in ...
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This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of Ziziphus jujube and Elaeagnus angustifolia powder on growth performance, blood metabolites and meat quality of broiler chickens at high temperature conditions. In this experiment, 160 one-day-old male broiler chickens of Ross 308 were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates of 10 birds per each. Experimental treatments were including: 1- control (basal diet), 2- basal diet + 0.75% Ziziphus jujube, 3- basal diet + 0.75% Elaeagnus angustifolia powder, and 4- basal diet + combination of Ziziphus jujube and Elaeagnus angustifolia powder (0.75% of each). At day 25 of age, with the onset of heat stress, the chicks were exposed to 34±2 ° C for eight hours daily from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. The results showed that the effect of treatments on growth performance traits was not significant (P≥0.05). Also, the relative weight of carcasses and internal organs except liver were not affected by experimental treatments. The lowest relative liver weight was observed in the control group (P≤0.05). The addition of Ziziphus jujube and Elaeagnus angustifolia in the diet significantly increased glutathione peroxidase and decreased blood glucose compared to the control group (P≤0.05). The highest amount of water holding capacity and lowest dripping loss and cooking loss were observed in birds fed Ziziphus jujube mill and Elaeagnus angustifolia (P≤0.05). Based on the results of the current experiment, although the inclusion of 0.75% of Ziziphus jujube and Elaeagnus angustifolia had no effect on growth performance of broiler chicken, but improved blood metabolites and meat quality traits.
Mansoor Agharkakoli; zahra taraz; Shahriar Maghsoudlou; farid moslemipur
Volume 23, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 121-129
Abstract
The effects of chicory root powder on performance, digestibility, immune system and carcass characteristics of broilers were investigated using 360 pieces of Ross 308 strain day-old broiler chicks (male and female), in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates and in a growth ...
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The effects of chicory root powder on performance, digestibility, immune system and carcass characteristics of broilers were investigated using 360 pieces of Ross 308 strain day-old broiler chicks (male and female), in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates and in a growth period of 1-42 days of age. The experimental treatments were consisted of a basal diet and diets containing the levels of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 percentages ofchicory root powder. Feed intake and weight of birds were measured periodically and body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were calculated. Nutrient digestibilities were measured at 33-36 days of age. The use of chicory root powder in the feed of broilers caused an improvement in feed conversion ratio at 1-14 and 28-42 days of age (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on perfomance traits in the whole of experimental period. The digestibility of protein and fat in broilers fed with 0.75% chicory root powder were higher than the other diets (P<0.05). The relative weight of liver decreased in broilers fed with chicory root powder (P<0.05). Feeding of broiler chickens with 0.25 percent dietary chicory root powder increased the number of lymphocytes and decreased the number of heterophils (P<0.05). According to the results of this experiment, the use of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% chicory root powder in broiler ration does not have significant effect on production performance of broiler chickens but improves the immune system activity of broilers.
Saifali Varmaghany; mansoor Ahmadi; jafar Pormasoor; Hoshang Jafari
Volume 22, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 595-607
Abstract
The effect of different feeding methods in the first three days of the rearing period on production traits and immune system of one-day-old chicken broilers (Ross 308) for 49 days was studied. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with eight treatments / four replications ...
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The effect of different feeding methods in the first three days of the rearing period on production traits and immune system of one-day-old chicken broilers (Ross 308) for 49 days was studied. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with eight treatments / four replications and 15 chickens per replication The experimental treatments included: 1- water and starter diet, 2- water and corn powder for 48 hours, 3- water containing 5% sugar and corn powder for 48 hours, 4-water containing 5% sugar and corn powder for 72 hours, 5-water containing 5% sugar and starter diet for 48 hours, 6-water containing 5% sugar and starter diet for the 72 hours, 7- water containing glucoplus and corn powder for 48 hours and 8- water containing glucoplus and starter diet for 72 hours. Treatments of 1 and 8 had the highest live weight and body weight gain at d 42 in compare to the other treatments except treatment 6 (p < 0.05). The greatest daily feed intake was observed in treatment 1 which had significant difference with others groups except treatments 6 and 8 (p < 0.05). The mortality rate was not significant between treatments at 42 and 49 days. The greatest production efficiency factor was observed in treatment 8 at d 42, (p < 0.05), which had significant difference with others groups ( except treatments 1 and 5). Experimental treatments had no effect on relative weight of internal organs, carcass components and white blood cells counts. According to the results and economic considerations, initial feeding with the starter diet and common water in broiler farms is recommended.
Nazar Akbarizadeh; Ali Khatibjoo; Saifali Varmaghany; Hoshang Jafari; Alinaghi Shokri
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 289-299
Abstract
In this experiment, the effects of Hyssopus officinalis powder, Virginiamycine antibiotic and Aspirine on performance, immunity and ascites indexes of broiler chickens which subjected to cold stress were studied. In a completely randomized design, 500 male Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated ...
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In this experiment, the effects of Hyssopus officinalis powder, Virginiamycine antibiotic and Aspirine on performance, immunity and ascites indexes of broiler chickens which subjected to cold stress were studied. In a completely randomized design, 500 male Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated to 5 treatments with 5 replicates and 20 birds in each. The dietary treatments consisted of: 1) basal diet with no additive (control), 2 and 3) basal diet plus 300 g/tone Virginiamycine or Aspirine respectively and 4 and 5) basal diet containing 0.5 or 1 percent Hyssopus officinalis powder, respectively. As compared to control group, inclusion of 0.5 or 1 percent Hyssopus officinalis powder significantly increased feed intake, body weight gain and EPEF and improved FCR of broiler chickens. Feeding broiler chickens with diet containing Hyssopus officinalis powder or Aspirine decreased ascitic mortality, heamatocrite percentage and ascites indexe (relative weight of right ventricle to total weight of ventricles) at 42d of age. Dietary treatmens had no effect on antibody titer against New-Castle and influenza virus and relative weight of tymous, spleen and Burce of Fabrecoius of broiler chickens at 42d of age. Regards to the results of present experiment, addition of Hyssopus officinalis powder or Aspirine decreased ascytic incidence and its related mortality in broiler chickens under cold condition.
Seyyed Majid Azarm; Somayyeh Salari; Mohsen Sari; Mohammad Reza Ghorbani; Mohammad Hojjati
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 301-312
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Thyme essential oil on performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chickens fed diets containing wheat in a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement using 264 broilers (Ross 308) in ground floor. Treatments ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Thyme essential oil on performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chickens fed diets containing wheat in a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement using 264 broilers (Ross 308) in ground floor. Treatments consisted of 2 levels of wheat (0 and 50% of the diet) and 3 levels of essential oil of Thyme (0, 200 and 400 ppm). Performance parameters were recorded weekly. Determination of micro-flora, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters were done on day 42. The results showed that adding the Thyme essential oil to the diet containing 50% wheat increased feed intake at the all period of experiment. Body weight gain was increased significantly in the birds that consumed 50% wheat with 400 ppm essence compared to the birds consumed the diet without wheat or without essence at the starter period. The birds consumed the diet without wheat with essence had lower blood concentration of LDL. Although, adding essence at the level of 400 ppm to the diet without wheat increased significantly blood concentration of HDL. The diet contained 50% wheat without essence had higher abdominal fat compared to the diet with 200 and 400 ppm of essence without wheat and also the diet contained 50% wheat with 400 ppm essence. Overall, the use of Thyme essence at the level of 400 ppm in wheat-based diet is recommended for increasing feed intake and improving some physiological parameters of broiler chickens.
jamal mahmoudi; sara mirzaie goudarzi; Abbas Frahavar; Ali asghar Saki; Ali reza Nourian
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 371-380
Abstract
The effect of essential oils blend, probiotic and flavomycin on performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) characteristics, cecal microbial population and blood parameters was studied with 288 day-old chickens, Ross 308 broilers from 1 to 42 days of age in a completely randomized design by 4 ...
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The effect of essential oils blend, probiotic and flavomycin on performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) characteristics, cecal microbial population and blood parameters was studied with 288 day-old chickens, Ross 308 broilers from 1 to 42 days of age in a completely randomized design by 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 18 chickens in each replication. The experimental treatments were: 1) basal diet as control group (without additive), 2) basal diet + 150 mg/kg essential oils blend, 3) basal diet + 200 mg/kg Gallipro® probiotic, and 4) basal diet + 150 mg/kg flavomycin. The results showed that feed intake was lower in the control group than other treatments (P<0.05). In the whole trial period, the weight gain of chickens fed with the diet containing flavomycin was higher than other birds and had a better feed conversion ratio than control birds or fed with the diet contains probiotic (P<0.05). The effect of treatments was not significant on relative weight of internal organs, pH of the GIT digesta and Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli population in the ceca. The relative weight of the breast was greater in chickens fed with flavomycin than control group or birds that received essential oils blend (P<0.05). There was no difference between treatments in terms of plasma cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride concentrations, but HDL concentration was lower in the plasma of birds receiving flavomycin compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Based on the results of this study, adding essential oils blend to the diet improved performance and can be used as a growth promoter instead of flavomycin in broilers diet.
Naser Mahmoudnia; Behrouz Dastar; Omid Ashayerizadeh; Javad Bayat
Volume 21, Issue 2 , July 2019, , Pages 261-271
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the nutrient ileal digestibility of raw date pit (RDP) and fermented date pit (FDP) as well as their effects on performance and some bloody traits in broiler chickens,. The first experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 72 male broiler ...
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Two experiments were conducted to determine the nutrient ileal digestibility of raw date pit (RDP) and fermented date pit (FDP) as well as their effects on performance and some bloody traits in broiler chickens,. The first experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 72 male broiler chicks, three treatments and six replicates (four chicks each) . The treatments consisted of a corn – soybean diet and two experimental diets which prepared by replacing RDP and FDP to basal diet at 25 %. The second experiment was performed in a 2× 4 factorial arrangement along with a control treatment in completely randomized design in a population of 540 day old broiler chickens in nine treatments with five replicates (12 chicks each). Dietary treatments included a diet without date pit (control), and diets containing two, four, six and eight percent of RDP or FDP. The digestibility of crude protein, fiber and ash in the FDP were higher than RDP (p<0.05). Feeding broiler chickens with FDP compared to RDP, improved weight gain (2110.5 g vs 1991.3 g ) and increased feed intake (p<0.05). The blood cholesterol and LDL-c decreased in chickens fed by FDP compared to RDP (p<0.05). According to the results of this experiment fermentation of date pit increases digestibility of its nutrients and improves weight gain of broiler chickens.
Mohammad Reza Nehirat; Somayyeh Salari; Mohammad Reza Ghorbani
Volume 21, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 73-86
Abstract
In order to compare the effect of prebiotic and various types of fibers on performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was performed with 320 chicks with eight treatments in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were basal diet (corn-soybean meal), basal ...
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In order to compare the effect of prebiotic and various types of fibers on performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was performed with 320 chicks with eight treatments in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were basal diet (corn-soybean meal), basal diet with prebiotic (Biolex, MB40), and various sources of fiber (wheat bran (WB), soybean hull (SH), and palm kernel meal (PKM)). Different types of fiber and prebiotics were added to the diet at 1.5,3% and 2 g/kg, respectively. The birds that consumed 1.5% of PKM had the best feed conversion ratio compared to the other treatments except 3% of PKM and control diet (P<0.05). Abdominal fat pad significantly decreased in birds that consumed various types of fiber compared to the control diet (P<0.05). Apparent ileal digestibility of organic matter and crude protein increased in birds that consumed 3% palm kernel meal (P<0.05). The apparent ileal digestibility of ether extract decreased in birds that consumed PKM compared to the control diet (P<0.05). Dietary inclusion of various types of fiber caused a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides compared to the control diet (P<0.05). The results showed that dietary inclusion of PKM improved performance, decreased abdominal fat pad and E.coli and coliform population of cecum and increased digestability of crude protein and population of Lactobacillus of cecum in broiler chickens.
Vajiheh Nikoofard; Akbar Yaghobfar; Shahab Ghazi Harsini; Ali Asghar Saki
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, , Pages 463-476
Abstract
The effect of diet with different protein quality andsupplemented with crystalline amino acids on performance, immune response, enzyme activity in the intestinal tissue and litter characteristics, using 576 Ross 308 (mixed sex) broiler chickens,in a 2 × 4 factorial experiment with two experimental ...
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The effect of diet with different protein quality andsupplemented with crystalline amino acids on performance, immune response, enzyme activity in the intestinal tissue and litter characteristics, using 576 Ross 308 (mixed sex) broiler chickens,in a 2 × 4 factorial experiment with two experimental diets (high and low protein quality) and four levels of crystalline amino acids (recommended levels, without supplemented crystalline amino acids, 10 and 15% higher than the recommended levels)in a completely randomized design with eight treatments, six replicates and 12 chicks per replicate was investigated.The results of this study showed that, adding crystalline amino acids at levels of 10 and 15% higher than the recommended level to diets containing canola meal and wheat (as low quality protein source) caused an increase in performance (P<0.0001), the number of heterophile and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio (P<0.001) and decreased the number of lymphocyte (P<0.01). The treatments with crystalline amino acids hadn’t significant effect on the enzyme activity aminopeptidase and specific activity of the enzyme in jejunum. Also, adding crystalline amino acids at levels of 10 and 15% higher than the recommended level ina low-quality diet were not significantly affected dry matter, nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the litter. According to these results, the use ofcrystalline amino acids higher than the recommended levels in the diets with high quality (as maize-soybean meal) has no effect on the performance of broiler chickens and is not recommended.
Saifali Varmaghany; mohammad amir karimi turshizi; hoshang lotfulahian; hosang jafari; Mohammad Hossein nemati
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, , Pages 69-82
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of fresh whole garlic bulb (FGBP) on production index, immune system and carcass characteristics of Arian broiler strain, 592 male one day old chicks were studied during 42 days in two independent experiments. The first experiment was conducted under normal temperature ...
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In order to investigate the effect of fresh whole garlic bulb (FGBP) on production index, immune system and carcass characteristics of Arian broiler strain, 592 male one day old chicks were studied during 42 days in two independent experiments. The first experiment was conducted under normal temperature condition (NTC) with 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 21 birds per replicate and second experiment was conducted under cold temperature condition (CTC) with 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 16 birds per replicate basis balanced completely randomized design. The treatments were 1- basal diet without FGBP (control group), 2, 3 and 4 basal diet containing 0.5, 1 and 1.5 percent FGBP, respectively under both NTC and CTC. The highest level of body weight gain and production index were related to treatment of basal diet with 0.5 percent FGBP treatment under both NTC and CTC (P
parviz ordouny; khalil mirzadeh; tahereh mohammadabadi; mohammad bojarpoor
Volume 19, Issue 3 , November 2017, , Pages 601-612
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of different levels of wild pistachio leaves on liver enzymes, bloodparameters and performance indicators of broiler chickens, 192 one-day old Ross 308 broiler chickens in the completely randomized design, including 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 chicks (both sexes), per ...
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To evaluate the effect of different levels of wild pistachio leaves on liver enzymes, bloodparameters and performance indicators of broiler chickens, 192 one-day old Ross 308 broiler chickens in the completely randomized design, including 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 chicks (both sexes), per experimentalunits were used. The experimental treatments includedrationscontaining levelsofzero (control), 1, 2, and 3 percent of wild pistachio leaf powder. The results of this experiment showed that effect of wild pistachio leaf on feed intake and daily gain significantly reduced compared to control treatment in the initial period (P˂0.05), but feed intake and daily gain were not significant in the growth period and total period.The feedconversion ratio was not significantly affected (P > 0.05). The effect of experimental treatments was not significant on AST and ALT, but the ALP enzyme was significantly reduced by the experimental treatments (P˂0.05). The amount of glucose, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol of serum were not significantly affected. The effect of experimental treatments on triglyceride and LDL cholesterol serum reduction was significant (P˂0.05). According to the results, wild pistachio leaf can be used as an additive plant with reducing feature on liver enzymes and triglyceride and LDL cholesterol in poultry diets.
sevda jangi aghdam; sara mirzaie goudarzi; ali asghar saki; pouya zamani
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 389-401
Abstract
The effect of different sources of insoluble fiber on performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits and cecal microbial population was studied with 320 day-old chickens, Ross 308 broilers from 1 to 24 days of age in a completely randomized design by 4 treatments, 4 replicates, and 20 chickens ...
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The effect of different sources of insoluble fiber on performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits and cecal microbial population was studied with 320 day-old chickens, Ross 308 broilers from 1 to 24 days of age in a completely randomized design by 4 treatments, 4 replicates, and 20 chickens in each replication. Experimental treatments including: control (corn-soybean meal)which was diluted by 3% of treated wheat straw, sunflower and soy hulls. Feed intake was not affected by treatments from 1 to 24 days of age. Body weight gain increasedin treated wheat straw group relative to soy hull group. In addition, feed conversion was improved in broiler fedding by treated wheat straw compared to sunflower and soy hulls (P<0.05) but its difference with control treatment was not significant. Weight of the GIT organs and gizzard characteristics was not affected by treatments at 24 days of age. Insoluble fiber sources increased lactic acid bacteria (P<0.05) and decreased Escherichia coli in the ceca realtive to control diet. Based on current results, diet dilution with 3% insoluble fiber did not have negative effect on growth performance but improved beneficial ceca microflora in broiler chickens.
mojtaba afshin; Nazar Afzali; Mohsen Mojtahedi; Abas Mohammadi
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 403-414
Abstract
The effects of seeds and whole plant powder and extract of Milk thistle (MT) plant in reducing the negative effects of feeding 500 ppb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on broiler chickens performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters were examined using 192 one-day old chick (Ross 308) in a completely ...
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The effects of seeds and whole plant powder and extract of Milk thistle (MT) plant in reducing the negative effects of feeding 500 ppb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on broiler chickens performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters were examined using 192 one-day old chick (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design with six treatments, four replicates and 8 birds per repetition. The experimental treatments included: 1) control, 2) contaminated control (CC), 3) CC + 0.5 percent of MT seed powder, 4) CC + 1 percent MT plant powder, 5) CC + 600mg/kg MT plant extract, 6) CC + 1000mg/kg MT plant extract. Results indicated that feeding contaminated diet reduced body weight gain and increased the feed conversion ratio and alanine aminotransferase enzyme compared with control in whole experimental period (P≤0.05). The inclusion of 1 percent MT plant powder to the contaminated diets improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio in 1-7, 7-21 days and whole experimental period (1-35 days) compared to the contaminated control (P≤0.05). The addition of 0.5 percent MT seed powder, 1 percent MT plant powder and 1000mg/kg MT plant extract to the contaminated diets decreased alanine aminotransferase enzyme (at 35d) compared to the contaminated control (P≤0.05). It was concluded that compared to other treatments, one percent MT plant powder was more effective in reducing the negative effects of feeding AFB1 in broiler chickens.
Saifali Varmaghany; Farzad Bastami; Mohammad Akbari Gharaei
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 175-187
Abstract
The effect of dietary olive leaf in diet at different periods of breeding was studied on growth performance and ascites incidence in broiler chickens. A total of 336 one day-old male broiler chickens (Arian) used in complete randomize design with 6 treatments, 4 replications and 14 birds in each replication. ...
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The effect of dietary olive leaf in diet at different periods of breeding was studied on growth performance and ascites incidence in broiler chickens. A total of 336 one day-old male broiler chickens (Arian) used in complete randomize design with 6 treatments, 4 replications and 14 birds in each replication. The period of experiment was 42 days. The rations were supplied base on recommendation of Arian broiler management guide in three phase of feeding. In each phase, tow diets were provided with 0 (control) and 1 percent of olive leaves dried in diet. The treatments were diets:1) control, 2) from 1 to 14 days olive leaf, 3) from 1 to 21 days olive leaf, 4) from 1 to 28 days olive leaf, 5) from 1 to 35 days olive leaf, 6) from 1 to 42 days olive leaf. The effects of treatments were not significant on final body weight, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The mortality due to ascites syndrome was reduced in treatments of olive leaf 1 to 14 and olive 1 to 42 (P<0.05). At the end of experiment, the most of packed cell volume and hormone triiodothyronine was related to the control treatment (P<0.05). The mean of packed cell volume and T3 were significantly different between control and olive leaf from 1 to 42 days at the end of experiment (P<0.05). The difference of red blood cell count and thyroxine (T4) was not significant between all treatments. It is concluded that the inclusion of 10 g/Kg of olive leaf dried in broiler chicken diets could decrease ascites incidence without unfavorable effects on broiler chicken performance.
babak masouri; somayeh sallary; heshmatollah khosravinia; saleh tabatabaei vakili; tahereh mohammadabadi
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 201-212
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the effect of supplementation of canola and fish oils (5% fish oil, 3% fish oil + 2% canola oil, 2% fish oil + 3% canola oil and 5% canola oil) and Satureja khuzistanica essential oils (SkEO) (0 and 400 mg/kg), into a basal diet on productive performance, meat cholesterol, ...
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This study was carried out to examine the effect of supplementation of canola and fish oils (5% fish oil, 3% fish oil + 2% canola oil, 2% fish oil + 3% canola oil and 5% canola oil) and Satureja khuzistanica essential oils (SkEO) (0 and 400 mg/kg), into a basal diet on productive performance, meat cholesterol, lipid stability and certain blood lipid components in broiler chickens raised under normal and heat stress conditions during day 22 to 42 of age. The experiment was conducted in a 4×2×2 factorial expriment using 640 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks in a completely randomised blocks design with 5 replicates of 8 birds in each replication. Oil source significantly decreased FCR, serum LDL and cholesterol content in thigh and breast muscles at day 42 of age. Inclusion of 400 mg/kg SkEO in diet significantly increased daily weight gain and decreased cholesterol content and TBARS concentration in thigh and breast muscles in heat stressed chicks. Heat stress condition significantly decreased FCR and increased TBARS as well as cholesterol content in breast muscle and serum cholesterol concentration during day 22 to 42 of age. It was concluded that supplementation of 400 mg/kg SkEO and canola oil into diet could have a positive effect on productive performance and reduce the meat and serum cholesterol concentration in broiler chicken.
Meisam Tamizi Jooneghani; Shokoufe Ghazanfari; Alireza Aghashahi; Seyed Davood Sharifi; Seyyed Abdollah Hosseini
Volume 18, Issue 3 , October 2016, , Pages 501-512
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Humulus lupulus essential oils as an alternative to antibiotic and antioxidant on productive performance, lipids stability of meat and ileum microbial population in broiler chickens during days 1 to 42 of age. A total of 625 day-old Arian broiler ...
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This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Humulus lupulus essential oils as an alternative to antibiotic and antioxidant on productive performance, lipids stability of meat and ileum microbial population in broiler chickens during days 1 to 42 of age. A total of 625 day-old Arian broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments (200 and 400 mg/kg Humulus lupulusessential oils, 100 mg/kg antibiotic avilamycin, 150 mg/kg protexin probiotic and control) and five replicates of 25 birds each. Broilers that were fed dietary Humulus lupulus oil at level of 400 mg/kg and antibiotic revealed higher feed intake than broilers fed dietary Humulus lupulusoil at level of 200 mg/kg (P<0.05). Dietary Humulus lupulus oil at level of 200 mg/kg and probiotic had best production index compared with Humulus lupulus oil at level of 400 mg/kg treatment (P<0.05). The Humulus lupulus oils (200 and 400 mg/kg) treatments showed lower thigh muscles malondialdehyde concentration compared with antibiotic and probiotic treatments as well as control group (P<0.01). Broilers were fed dietary 400 mg/kg Humulus lupulus oil had highest lactobacillus count of the ileum compared with other treatments (P<0.05). Dietary Humulus lupulus oil at level of 200 mg/kg improved broiler productive performance, however improvement of ileum microbial population and meat quality were observed when 400 mg/kg dietary Humulus lupulus oil was applied.
Fereshteh Jamile; Abolghasem Golian; Hasan Kermanshahi; Ahmad Hasanabadi; Heydar Zarghi
Volume 18, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 287-297
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two levels of four commercial multi-enzymes on the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) and digestibility of crude fat, crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter in broiler chickens through total excreta collection method. ...
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two levels of four commercial multi-enzymes on the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) and digestibility of crude fat, crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter in broiler chickens through total excreta collection method. One hundred thirty male broiler chicks were assigned to 45 metabolic cages involving 9 treatments, and 5 replicates of 3 chicks each. A control diet was made so that wheat was the sole source of energy supply. Eight experimental diets were prepared with the addition of one or two recommended levels of each commercial multi-enzymes to the control diet. The chickens had free access to feed and water ad-libitum from 17 to 23 days of age. Gross energy, crude protein, crude fat, organic matter, and dry matter were measured in feed and excreta samples. Addition of one or two recommended levels of different commercial enzymes to diet significantly increased (P< 0.05) AMEn and apparent digestibility of fat, protein, dry matter, and organic matter in wheat. However, there was not a significant difference between the levels and the four types of added commercial enzymes on AMEn and nutrient digestibility values. The results revealed that metabolisable energy value of Falat wheat improved by 70 to 120 kcal per kg, regardless of the type and activity of the four commercial enzymes used in this study.
Zahra Norreh; Ali Khatibjoo; Farshid Fattahnia; Mohammad Akbari-Gharaei
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 269-279
Abstract
Effect of L-carnitine and butyric acid on the performance and immune responses of 192 broiler chickens (Ross 308) was investigated with three levels of L-carnitine (zero, 125 and 250 mg/kg) and two levels of butyric acid (2 g/kg) in a 2×3 factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block ...
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Effect of L-carnitine and butyric acid on the performance and immune responses of 192 broiler chickens (Ross 308) was investigated with three levels of L-carnitine (zero, 125 and 250 mg/kg) and two levels of butyric acid (2 g/kg) in a 2×3 factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with 6 dietary treatments, four replicates and eight birds per each. Broilers fed basal diet plus feed additives (L-carnitine and butyric acid) did not have significant differences on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio when compred to control group. Broilers fed diets containing additives had higher blood lymphocyte count than control diet fed birds (P<0.05). Primary IgG tiitter (31d) against SRBC in broilers fed diet containing 125 mg/kg L-carnitine was higher than that of the control birds (P<0.05). Skin thickness in response to PHA in broielrs fed diet containing 250 mg/kg L-carnitine alone and 125 and 250 mg/kg L-carnitine in combination with butyric acid was lower than that of control group (P<0.05). It was concluded that addition of 125 mg/kg L-carnitine and two g/kg butyric acid did not influenced broiler chicken performance while improved their immune response.
Hassan Shirzadi; Farid Fhariatmadari; Mohammad Amir Karimi-Torshizi; Shaban Rahimi; Ali Akbar Masoudi
Volume 17, Issue 1 , April 2015, , Pages 151-160
Abstract
A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of R. coriaria L. and P. farcta extracts as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers diet. A total of 300 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments (five pen replicates, 15 birds per pen) for the ...
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A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of R. coriaria L. and P. farcta extracts as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers diet. A total of 300 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments (five pen replicates, 15 birds per pen) for the 0- to 28-d period, and all data were analyzed in a randomized complete design. Dietary treatments included a basal diet (as control diet, without additive) and three similar diets that were supplemented with 200 mg/kg R. coriaria L. extract, P. farcta extract, and oxytetracycline 20 percent, respectively. The results showed that average daily gain was significantly increased (P<0.05) by supplementing diets with all feed additives in 7-14 d period and entire (0-28 d). Broilers fed the diets supplemented with each of extracts had a low serum cholesterol levels as compared to control diet (P<0.05). Moreover, the antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus was significantly increased by supplemented diets (P<0.05). However, adding feed additive to diets had no significant effect on antibody titer against SRBC, skin thickness due to DNCB challenge and toe-web thickness in response to injection of phytohemagglutinin-P. In addition, supplementing diet with P. farcta caused to a significant increase in relative bursa of fabricius weight in contrast with control diet. Based on current results, it can be concluded that R. coriaria and P. farcta extracts can be used as alternatives to oxytetracycline as a growth promoter in broilers diet.