mohammad asadi; Taghi Ghoorchi; Abdolhakim Toghdory
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 33-44
Abstract
Introduction: During pregnancy, especially the period around birth, animals make many metabolic adjustments to support the transition from pregnancy to lactation. Since the last two months of pregnancy (late pregnancy) constitute 75% of fetal growth, therefore, enriching the sheep diet can have positive ...
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Introduction: During pregnancy, especially the period around birth, animals make many metabolic adjustments to support the transition from pregnancy to lactation. Since the last two months of pregnancy (late pregnancy) constitute 75% of fetal growth, therefore, enriching the sheep diet can have positive consequences on the health and general performance of the ewe and lamb. In such conditions, using of management and nutritional strategies will reduce the problems during the transition period and heat stress condition. Under stress condition, the mobilization of glycogen reserves and glucose production occur to produce energy to maintain stability in the body. Chromium is one of the scarce essential minerals that plays an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Chromium is part of the glucose tolerance factor that increases the affinity of insulin receptors to insulin hormone and increases the sensitivity of receptors to insulin.
Material and Methods: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different forms of chromium in ewes during the transition period under the heat stress condition. Forty pregnant Afshari ewes from 42±5 days before the expected lambing were assigned to four treatments with 10 replications in a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments included: 1) basal diet without chromium supplementation (control), 2) basal diet containing three milligrams of inorganic chromium per kg of DM, 3) basal diet containing three milligrams of chromium in the form of chromium-methionine per kg of DM and 4) basal diet containing three milligrams of chromium in the form of chromium nanoparticles per kg of DM.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that ewes receiving chromium had less weight changes at two, four and six weeks after lambing (P≥0.05). Also, supplementation of different forms of chromium increased the body condition score of ewes at the time and six weeks after lambing (P≥0.05). Ewes receiving chromium-methionine and chromium nanoparticles had better body condition than control and inorganic chromium treatments. There was no significant difference in glucose concentration between the treatments 60 and 90 minutes after intravenous glucose injection. After 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after the intravenous injection of glucose, the insulin concentration of the ewes receiving different forms of chromium decreased compared to the control treatment (P≥0.05).
Conclusion: In general, the use of chromium, especially in the form of chromium-methionine and chromium nanoparticles, is recommended during the transition period of ewes under the influence of heat stress.
Sina Azad; hamid Amanlou; Najme Eslamian Farsuni; Tahere Amirabadi Farahani; Mohammad hadi Khabbazan
Volume 25, Issue 1 , April 2023, , Pages 37-50
Abstract
In the current study, the effect of source and level of copper in the diet on production and health of dairy cows using 105 multiparous pregnant Holstein cows from -21 until +15 days relative to calving in randomized complete block design with 3 treatments and 35 replications were investigated. The experimental ...
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In the current study, the effect of source and level of copper in the diet on production and health of dairy cows using 105 multiparous pregnant Holstein cows from -21 until +15 days relative to calving in randomized complete block design with 3 treatments and 35 replications were investigated. The experimental treatments include: 1) diet containing copper at the NRC recommended levels from copper sulfate source (NRC-S), 2) diet containing copper at twice the NRC recommended levels from copper glycinate source (2NRC-Gly) and 3) diet containing copper at twice the NRC recommended levels from copper sulfate source (2NRC-S). Milk yield and composition were not affected by experimental treatments, but treatment by time interaction showed that cows fed by 2NRC-Gly had more milk than NRC-S group (P<0.05) at 60, 90,120 DIM and cow in 2NRC-Gly produced more milk at 90 and 120 days in milk compared to NRC-S (P<0.05). The somatic cells count for 2NRC-Gly cows was lower compared to NRC-S cows (P 0.05). The incidence of subclinical mastitis at 15 DIM in 2NRC-Gly was lower compared to the other two treatments (P = 0.05). No difference in body weight and body condition score changes were observed across treatments. Blood metabolites and liver enzymes were not affected by adding different Cu sources, but serum albumin postpartum was increased in 2NRC-Gly group relative to the other two groups (P 0.05). Based on the results, adding copper especially by copper glycinate source at twice the NRC recommended levels led to an increase in the serum albumin concentration, a decrease in milk somatic cells count and lower incidence of subclinical mastitis, which could indicate an improvement in health of cows during transition period.
Ali Nargeskhani; Ali Moharrery; Hossein Mehraban; Mohammad Javad Zamiri
Volume 23, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 337-349
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effect of a cellulosic (wheat straw; WS) and non-cellulosic (beet pulp; BP) forage source on high producing dairy cows during the transition period (three weeks before to six weeks after calving). Multiparous Holstein cows (n=36) with mean body weight of 697±59.6 ...
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This study was conducted to compare the effect of a cellulosic (wheat straw; WS) and non-cellulosic (beet pulp; BP) forage source on high producing dairy cows during the transition period (three weeks before to six weeks after calving). Multiparous Holstein cows (n=36) with mean body weight of 697±59.6 kg and body condition score of 3.3±0.22 were used in the experiment. Before calving, the cows received diets containing 7.17% WS (n=18) or BP (n=18). After calving, the cows in each group were divided into two subgroups (n=9), and received the diets containing 5% BP or WS. Prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) was similar between dietary treatments but prepartum digestibility of DM (P=0.05) and neutral detergent fiber (P= 0.06) was lower in cows feeding on the WS diet. The yield of energy-corrected milk, 4% fat-corrected milk and milk fat percentage tended to be higher in the cows fed with the BP diet during the prepartum period (P = 0.09). In conclusion, the results showed that feeding non-cellulosic forages during the transition period may improve the performance in dairy cows.
Abbas Rajaeerad; Gholam Reza Ghorbani; Mohammad Khorvash; Ali Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi; Amir Hossein Mahdavi; Masoud Boroumand Jazi; Mirja Rosmarie Wilkens
Volume 23, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 21-33
Abstract
The effects of different levels of mild metabolic acidosis by anionic diet on the performance of transition dairy cows were investegieted in 12 cows from 3 weeks (wk) before calving. One wk before calving, cows assigned to two groups according to urine pH (UpH) to recommended level (R UpH=6.2 ...
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The effects of different levels of mild metabolic acidosis by anionic diet on the performance of transition dairy cows were investegieted in 12 cows from 3 weeks (wk) before calving. One wk before calving, cows assigned to two groups according to urine pH (UpH) to recommended level (R UpH=6.2 to 7) and less than 6.3 (low UpH). The average prepartum urine pH was 6.7 and 5.8 for R UpH and low UpH groups, respectively (P<0.01). The prepartum serum concentration of Ca was not affected by the experimental groups, but significantly increased in the low UpH group within 2 h after calving. A trend was observed for higher serum concentration of phosphorus in the low UpH cows before calving. Although no significant difference was observed in prepartum DMI, but postpartum DMI and milk production were higher during wk 1 after calving in low UpH group (P<0.05). Total concentrations of protein and globulin were decreased on the day before calving in low UpH group. Also, after calving the concentrations of BUN, total protein, globulin, and milk protein were lower in this group of cows (P<0.05). Therefore, the induction of higher levels of metabolic acidosis in comparison to the recommended level before calving, can improve serum concentration of Ca and performance of transition cows.
Meysam Sherafat; meysam alijoo; Behzad Asadnezhad
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 237-247
Abstract
The effect of flaxseed and soybean seed on the performance of Maque ewes during the transition period in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications and one ewe per replicate using 16 pregnant Maque ewes with average age of three years and weight (65 ± 2.4 kg) was ...
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The effect of flaxseed and soybean seed on the performance of Maque ewes during the transition period in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications and one ewe per replicate using 16 pregnant Maque ewes with average age of three years and weight (65 ± 2.4 kg) was investigated. Experimental treatments included: control diet (basal diet), diet containing 10% flaxseed; Contained 10% soybean seed and 50:50 dietary ratio of flaxseed and soybean seed. Experimental results showed no effect of treatments on feed intake of ewes before and after calving. Milk production of ewes fed flaxseed diets was higher (p<0.05) and ewes fed 50:50 diets containing flaxseed and soybean had the highest total serum protein concentration (p<0.05). Other serum metabolites were unaffected by experimental treatments. Rumen fluid valeric acid concentration was the highest in ewes fed diets containing soybean seed and soybean-flax seed mixture (p<0.05). Results of this experiment showed that using flaxseed and soybean seed up to 10% diet without adverse effect on feed intake improved ewes performance during the transition period and increased production in the early lactation period.
Amirhossein Nasiri; Armin Towhidi; Malek Shakeri; Mehdi Zhandi; Mehdi Dehghan banadaky
Volume 20, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 329-337
Abstract
The insulin resistance and glucose, insulin, IGF-1 metabolism (somatotropic axis performance) were investigated in cows to receive (4 g yeast/d/head) (Probio-Sacc®, BioChem, GmbH, Germany) or not receive live yeast supplement from 21 d before expected date of calving under the hot months of summer ...
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The insulin resistance and glucose, insulin, IGF-1 metabolism (somatotropic axis performance) were investigated in cows to receive (4 g yeast/d/head) (Probio-Sacc®, BioChem, GmbH, Germany) or not receive live yeast supplement from 21 d before expected date of calving under the hot months of summer (THI = 82). Two groups of 6 periparturient Holstein cows were fed a diet without or with 4 g yeast/d/head (15*109 CFU/g) starting 21 d prepartum through 8 weeks postpartum to investigate the changes of blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, IGF-1 and glucose tolerance test (GTT). On d 60 postpartum, greater blood levels of glucose, insulin and insulin-like growth factor I were found in cows receiving yeast supplement than those receiving no yeast (P<0/05). Probiotic had not significant effect on GTT test. Overall, it appears that Probiotics would beneficially improve the blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, IGF-1 in day 60 postpartum (on DFS day) and improve somatotropic axis of dairy cows during the heat stress. Probiosac probiotic had positive effects on somatotropic axis and animal performance. It’s can be a good solution to increase dairy cow’s performance in heat stress condition.