Ramin Kasaeizadeh; Somayyeh Salari; Mohammad Reza Abdollahi; Farshad Baghban
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 45-60
Abstract
Introduction: In the past studies, the beneficial effect of insoluble fiber in broiler feed has been well demonstrated. Studies have shown that moderate amounts of fiber in poultry diets lead to significant improvements in nutrient utilization efficiency. Depending on the type of dietary fiber (soluble ...
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Introduction: In the past studies, the beneficial effect of insoluble fiber in broiler feed has been well demonstrated. Studies have shown that moderate amounts of fiber in poultry diets lead to significant improvements in nutrient utilization efficiency. Depending on the type of dietary fiber (soluble or insoluble), the particle size plays a role in the growth and development of gizzard and improves the mixture of digestive substances with digestive secretions. On the other hand, nutritionists are trying to respond to the rapid growth needs of birds by increasing the energy concentration of diets. Fats are considered for this purpose, as their energy value is at least twice that of carbohydrates and proteins. At a young age, the secretion of bile acids and the activity of pancreatic lipase are low, and therefore, the ability to digest fat in young broilers is compromised. Some studies have shown that cellulose and oat hull as a source of insoluble fiber (3%) in the diet of broiler chickens have increased the apparent digestibility of crude fat in the ileum and increased the availability of energy for the bird. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of sunflower hull with different particle sizes in diets containing different sources of fat on growth performance, digestibility of nutrients and the microbial population of the caecum of broiler chickens.
Materials and methods: This experiment was conducted using 360 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with a 2×3 factorial arrangement for 42 days. Experimental treatments included: sunflower hulls (SFH) (without hulls, 3% with 1 mm particle size and 3% with 5 mm particle size) and different fat sources (3% tallow, 3% canola oil). Feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) of birds were recorded and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. To determine the ileal digestibility of nutrients, 3 g/kg of chromium oxide was fed to chickens on days 37-42 of the rearing period. On the 42nd day of rearing, the ileum contents of 2 birds were collected and stored in a freezer at -20◦C. To investigate the morphology of the small intestine, 5 cm of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were taken. Cecal microbial population also determined at 42 days of age. The data obtained from the experiment were analyzed using SAS statistical software and GLM procedure. To compare means, Duncan's (1955) multi-range test was used at a significant level of 5%.
Results and discussion: The results showed that, using of the coarse and fine SFH in the diet of broiler chickens increased FI and improved the FCR in the whole period of experiment (P<0.05). Canola oil improved FI and BWG compared to tallow (P<0.05). Apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat also increased by using of coarse SFH in the diet (P<0.05). The use of coarse SFH increased the villus height of duodenum and the villus height and thickness of ileum (P<0.05). Canola oil increased the villus height of ileum, but decreased the villus thickness compared to tallow treatment (P<0.05). The use of coarse SFH in the diet reduced the population of Escherichia coli bacteria in the cecum, and coarse SFH with different sources of fat increased the population of Lactobacillus (P<0.05).
Conclusions: In general, the results of the present study showed that the addition of coarse sunflower hull to the diet could improve the growth performance of broilers by increasing the digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, Lactobacillus population, and reducing the cecal population of E. coli. Although its interaction with canola oil also had positive effects on the population of beneficial gut bacteria.
Farhad Samadian; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; Alireza Eivakpour
Volume 25, Issue 3 , October 2023, , Pages 281-293
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to compare the relative weight of visceral organs, different carcass cuts, the relative length of different intestinal segments, meat quality, hematocrit, and blood metabolites between Arian and Ross308 broiler strains. Materials and methods: One-day-old mixed-sex ...
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Introduction: This study aimed to compare the relative weight of visceral organs, different carcass cuts, the relative length of different intestinal segments, meat quality, hematocrit, and blood metabolites between Arian and Ross308 broiler strains. Materials and methods: One-day-old mixed-sex broiler chickens from Ross308 and Arian strains were separately allocated to two treatment groups. The initial number of each broiler strain was 48, divided into 12 replicate cages with four chicks each. On days 32 and 42, one bird per replicate was randomly selected (12 broilers from each treatment group), weighed, and killed by cutting the jugular vein with a sharp knife. Then the relative weights of visceral organs and relative length of small intestine segments were determined for both strains. The carcass characteristics and the breast and thigh meat quality (including water-holding capacity, cooking loss, and lipid peroxidation) were assessed only in the birds killed on the 42nd day of age. Some plasma metabolites and hematocrit were also determined after blood collection into heparinized tubes at the end of the rearing period.Results and discussion: The results showed that the total feed intake of Arian broilers was higher than that of Ross 308 (P≤0.05), but no difference was observed in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) between the two strains. The rate of weight gain in the first two weeks was higher in the Arian strain (P≤0.05). However, this trend was reversed during the 5th week of the rearing period. The carcass and valuable cut yields at 42 days of age were higher in Ross308 broilers compared to Arian birds (P≤0.05). On both days of slaughter, the gizzard relative weight was higher in Arian broilers, while the bursa relative weight was lower in this strain compared to Ross308 (P≤0.05). The visceral fat relative weight showed a significant difference between the two strains only at 42 days of age, and it was higher in the Arian broilers (P≤0.05). There was no strain difference in relative weight of the gut and different segments of small intestine at both examined ages. However, the proportion of the jejunum to the total length of the small intestine in the Arian strain was significantly higher than that of the Ross 308 (P≤0.05). Mean plasma uric acid concentrations were significantly lower in Arian compared to Ross 308 (P≤0.05). However, the mean concentration of plasma total triglycerides and hematocrit values were higher in Arian broilers (P≤0.05). The amount of stimulated malondialdehyde in the breast and thigh meat showed higher values in the Arian broilers (P≤0.05), indicating the lower oxidation stability of the chicken meat of the Arian broilers compared to Ross308.Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, Arian was not competitive with Ross 308 as a well-known commercial broiler strain in terms of the examined parameters. However, by gaining a better understanding of the weekly performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters of the Arian strain at different ages and in comparison with the Ross 308, the broiler farmers will be able to adopt the best management and nutritional strategy for raising these native broilers chickens.
Farzad Bastami; Ali Khatibjoo; Saifali Varmaghany
Volume 24, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 67-80
Abstract
The effects of valine supplementation on performance, immunity and behavoural indices of broiler chickens reared under heat stress condition was evaluated. Total of 420 male and female Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated to 6 treatments with 5 replicates in a completely randomized design. Experimental ...
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The effects of valine supplementation on performance, immunity and behavoural indices of broiler chickens reared under heat stress condition was evaluated. Total of 420 male and female Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated to 6 treatments with 5 replicates in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups were as fallows: positive control (fed basal diet and reared under Ross-308 recommended rearing temperature), Nagative control (fed basal diet and reared under heat stress (HS)), and four treatment groups fed basal diet supplemented with 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent valine above the Ross-308 valine recommendation and reared under HS. Heat stress significantly decreased feed intake, body weight and European production efficiency factor (EPEF), antibody titer against NewCastle, lymphocyte percentage, serum total protein concentration and alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and increased heterophile percentage, heterophile to lymphocyte ratio, rectal temperature and tunic immobility of broiler chickens (P < 0.05), but 5% valine supplementation improved BW of broiler chicken at the end of grower and BW and EPEF at the end of total period; 10% valine supplementation increased relative weight of breast and thigh muscle and 15 and 20% valine supplementation increased lymphocyte and decreased heterophile percentage as compared to control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 5% valine supplementation improved final body weight and feed convertion ratio of heat-stressed broiler chikens and 15 and 20% valin inclusion improved blood immune cell percentages but had no effect on humoral immune response and tunic immobility test of HS broiler chickens.
Mohammad Ali Abbasi; shokoufe ghazanfari; seyed davood sharifi; Hassan Ahmadi Gavlighi
Volume 23, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 395-408
Abstract
The effect of garden thyme essential oil (TEO) and rapeseed oil (RO) on performance, immune traits and intestinal morphology using 432 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler as a (3x3) factorial experiment in a completely randomized design including different levels of TEO (0, 300 and 500 ppm) and RO ...
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The effect of garden thyme essential oil (TEO) and rapeseed oil (RO) on performance, immune traits and intestinal morphology using 432 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler as a (3x3) factorial experiment in a completely randomized design including different levels of TEO (0, 300 and 500 ppm) and RO (1, 3 and 5 percentage) were evaluated with 9 treatments and 4 replicates. Throughout the rearing period, broiler chickens receiving 3% gained more weight than 1% of RO and chickens receiving 300 ppm gained more weight than those without TEO (P˂0.05). The use of 3% RO + 300 ppm TEO increased the thigh percentage compared to 1% RO. At 1 and 5 percentage levels of RO, with increasing levels of TEO in the diet, blood cholesterol and LDL concentrations decreased and blood HDL increased (P<0.01). Levels of 3% and 5% of RO + 300 and 500 ppm of TEO in broiler chicken diets increased lymphocyte percentage and antibody titer against Newcastle disease and decreased heterophil percentage and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio of blood (P<0.05). Broiler chickens receiving diet containing TEO had the highest ratio of villi height to crypt depth (P<0.01). Based on the results, the level of 3% rapeseed oil + 300 ppm thyme essential oil in the diet of broiler chickens can be used to improve performance, immunity and biochemical traits of blood.
Amin Saeid; Mohsen Afsharmanesh; Mohamad Salarmoini
Volume 22, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 571-581
Abstract
The effect of copper-methionine chelate and oregano essential oil in comparison to antibiotics on performance, meat quality, immune response and blood biochemical parameters were evaluated using 240 Ross 308 broilers in a 2×2×2 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four ...
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The effect of copper-methionine chelate and oregano essential oil in comparison to antibiotics on performance, meat quality, immune response and blood biochemical parameters were evaluated using 240 Ross 308 broilers in a 2×2×2 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replicates and 10 birds per replicate. The treatments included three incremental levels (No additives, 500 mg/kg flavofospholipol antibiotics and 100 mg/kg oregano essential oil of diet) and copper-methionine chelate (0 and 118 mg/kg diet). At the end of the period (42th day), one male bird was sampled from each replicate for exploring meat quality, immune response and blood biochemical parameters. Birds fed a diet containing coppermethionine chelate with flavophospholipol showed higher live weight (P<0.05). Birds fed a diet containing copper-methionine chelates had higher weight gain and better conversion ratio (P<0.05). Also, birds fed diets without additives and antibiotics with and without copper-methionine chelates had more fatty acid oxidation than other groups (P<0.05). At 28 and 42 days of age, the highest immune response (antibody titer) was observed in the copper-methionine chelate group with oregano essential oil (P<0.05). It was shown that oregano essential oil decreased and increased LDL and HDL in the blood (P <0.05), respectively. The results of this study showed that the use of copper-methionine chelate with antibiotics improved production efficiency and the use of copper-methionine chelate and oregano essential oil supplements in poultry diets improve meat quality and increased safety.
ehsan shahrami; mohammad jabbari rad; seyed abdollah hosseini; mehdi eftekhari
Volume 22, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 609-618
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of dill powder on growth performance, hormonal immune system and cecal microbial population of broiler chickens using 420 mail broiler Ross 308 strain in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 6 replicates. The ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of dill powder on growth performance, hormonal immune system and cecal microbial population of broiler chickens using 420 mail broiler Ross 308 strain in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 6 replicates. The treatments were including control diet, diets containing 0.2, 0.5 and 1 percent dill powder and a diet that contained 200 mg/kg flavomycin antibiotic. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were higher in chickens fed with flavomycin and dill powder at the levels of 0.5 and 1% in diet (P<0.05). Abdominal fat was lower in birds received 1% dill powder than those administrated by antibiotic and control group (P<0.05). The Escherichia coli and lactobacilli count in birds fed dill powder containing diets were lower and higher than birds fed control and antibiotic containing diets, respectively (P<0.05). Second antibody titer against SRBC was higher in birds fed by 1% dill powder in diet compared to birds fed the control diet (P<0.05). In challenge with NDV and influenza viruses, birds fed dill powder had higher antibody titer compared to those fed control and antibiotic containing diet (P<0.05). According to results of the present experiment, using 0.5 or 1% dill powder in diet improves performance, immune responses and intestinal microbial environment of broiler chickens and can be used as a good replacement for antibiotic growth promoters.
Kobra Sookhtehzari; Ali Khatibjoo; Hoshang Jafari; Mohammad Akbari-Gharaei; Kamran Taherpour
Volume 21, Issue 4 , January 2020, , Pages 533-543
Abstract
The effects of high stocking density and threonine (Thr) supplementation on performance and immunity in broiler chickens was evaluated. In this experiment 495 male Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated to 4 treatments with 5 replicates in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatment ...
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The effects of high stocking density and threonine (Thr) supplementation on performance and immunity in broiler chickens was evaluated. In this experiment 495 male Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated to 4 treatments with 5 replicates in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatment consisted of: 1) basal diet as control with low density (10 birds/m2), 2) high density group (15 birds/m2 which fed basal diet) and 3 and 4) high density group which fed diet containing 10 and 20 percent Thr higher than requirment, respectively. The results showed that high stocking density decreased feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio at different period of production and increased European production efficiency factor (EPEF). Thr supplementation also reduced growth performance parameters (P < 0.05).Dietary treatments deseased antibody titer against NewCastle, but avian influenza virus, cell mediated immunity against phytoheamaglutinin, blood metabolites, blood cell count, and serum spartat aminotransferase and malondialdehyde concentration did noy change significantly. Serum alanine aminotransferase concentration in broiler chickens fed diet containing 20 percent Thr higher than requirment was higher than the others (P < 0.05). In conclusion, under the condition of this study (15 birds/m2), Thr supplementation (both of the levels) did not improved broiler chickens performance and immunity and more research is needed in this subject.
Heydar Zarghi; َAbolghasem Golian; Ahmad Hassanabadi; Farhad Khaligh
Volume 20, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 577-587
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the zinc (Zn) requirement in broiler chickens fed wheat-soy based diet. Two hundred fifty day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308), were randomly assigned to a completely randomised design (CRD) experiment with 5 treatments, and 5 replicates of 10b each. The experimental ...
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The present study was conducted to determine the zinc (Zn) requirement in broiler chickens fed wheat-soy based diet. Two hundred fifty day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308), were randomly assigned to a completely randomised design (CRD) experiment with 5 treatments, and 5 replicates of 10b each. The experimental treatments included five dietary Zn levels (30, 70, 110, 150, and 190 mg/kg) provided by the addition of reagent grade “ZnSO4.7H2O”. The experiment lasted from 1-42d of age. Increasing dietary Zn level to 70mg/kg significantly increased 10, 24 and 42d live body weight (LBW), feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) during 1-10, 25-42 and 1-42d of age and feed efficiency (FE) during 1-10d of age. The linear broken-line (LBL), quadratic-broken line (QBL) and the quadratic polynomial (QP) regression models were used to estimate the Zn requirement. The Zn requirement for optimal final LBW and FI, WG, and FE during 1-42d of ages by LBL model were 68.77, 83.12, 66.99 and 62.75 mg/kg of diet, and by QBL model 70.00, 79.93, 69.63 and 58.01 mg/kg of diet, respectively. In conclusion, Zn requirement varied between 58-83 mg/kg, which is higher than NRC and is lower than strain recommendation in the broiler chickens fed wheat-based diet.
Massome Nouri; Mohammad Reza Ghorbani; Ahmad Tatar; Mohammad Amin Mehrnia
Volume 20, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 315-327
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of clove essential oil nanoemulsion (CEON) on performance of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diet. A total of 280 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308, mix sex) were used in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replicats. ...
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The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of clove essential oil nanoemulsion (CEON) on performance of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diet. A total of 280 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308, mix sex) were used in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replicats. The experimental treatments were; 1- control, 2- control supplemented with enzyme (En), 3- control supplemented with 200 mg/kg clove essential oil (CEO) and 4 to 7 were control supplemented with 200, 150, 100 and 50 mg/kg of CEON, respectively. The results of this experiment showed that in the whole rearing period, the feed intake and body weight gain of birds fed diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg CEON decreased significantly compared with control and En treatments (P≤0.05). In the whole period of experiment, chicks fed diets supplemented with CEO and 50 mg/kg CEON had better feed conversion ratio compared with control group (P≤0.05). Serum triglyceride concentration decreased significantly in chicks fed diets containing different levels of CEON compared to En treatment (P≤0.05). Relative weight of bursa increased in chicks fed diets containing CEO and 200 mg/kg CEON in comparison with control treatment. Supplementation broiler diets with CEO and 200, 150 and 100 mg/kg CEON decreased significantly Escherichia coli populations of cecal content (P≤0.05). According to the results of this experiment, supplementation broiler wheat-based diets with CEON may decrease Escherichia coli populations of cecal content.
Zahra Alimoradi Tamrin; Hassan Darmani Kohi; navid gavi hosseinzadeh
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of Galbanum essential oil (GEO) and xylanase on performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks, a total of 160 one-day old chicks (Ross 308 strain) were used to four dietary treatments based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement. The ...
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In order to investigate the effects of Galbanum essential oil (GEO) and xylanase on performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks, a total of 160 one-day old chicks (Ross 308 strain) were used to four dietary treatments based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement. The factors included were xylanase (0 and 0.2 gr/kg of diet) and GEO (0 and 0.1 gr/kg of diet). During the experimental periods (0-10 d, 11-24 d and 25-42 d), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. At days 21 and 42 of age two chicks from each replicate were slaughtered to determine carcass characteristic and ileal microbial populations of E. coli and Lactobacillus. Adding enzymes to the diet increased BWG in growing period and improved FCR in the growing and in the entire period of the experiment. At 21 day of age, GEO supplementation alone or GEO and xylanase as mixed significantly (P
Afsaneh Azdi; Nemat Ziaei; Sayyed Mehdi GHoreishi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 941-952
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of borage (Echium amoenum) powder on performance,nutrient digestibility and some blood parameters in heat stressed broiler chickens. A total of 160, one-day-old male broiler chicken (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 4 treatments ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of borage (Echium amoenum) powder on performance,nutrient digestibility and some blood parameters in heat stressed broiler chickens. A total of 160, one-day-old male broiler chicken (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 4 replicates, 10 chicks each, in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments consisted of: T1, basal diet (BD), T2, T3 and T4 were included BD plus 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kgBW boragepowder, respectively. The birds reared at the same condition till 24-day of age. The birds were kept at 34°C±2 (9.00am to 17.00; for 8 hours) from 25 to 42 days of age. Dietary supplementation of 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW) ofborage powder increased body weight gain and significantly improved FCR compared to that of basal diet (P<0.05). Inclusion of 1000 mg/kg BW borage powder significantly (P<0.05) increased protein digestibility. Addition of 500 or 2000 mg/kgBW borage powder significantly increased lipid digestibility (P<0.05). Supplementation of diet with 1000 mg/kgBW borage powder significantly reduced (P<0.05) heterophile to lymphocyte ratio and increased glutathione peroxidase activity (P<0.05). Inclusion of 1000 mg/kgBW borage powder significantly (P<0.05) reduced relative weight of bursa fabricious and pancreas in broiler chickens. It was concluded that supplementation of diet with 1000 mg/kgBW borage powder improved performance, protein and lipid digestibility and decrease negative impact of heat stress in broiler chickens.
Naser Khakshor; Heydar Zarghi; Ahmad Hassanabadi
Volume 19, Issue 3 , November 2017, , Pages 697-709
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to study the effect of vitamin premix (VP) reduce/withdraw of finisher wheat based diet on growth performance, carcass efficiency, tibia bone ash, and humoral immune response of broiler chickens. Three hundred and fifty, one day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were ...
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This experiment was carried out to study the effect of vitamin premix (VP) reduce/withdraw of finisher wheat based diet on growth performance, carcass efficiency, tibia bone ash, and humoral immune response of broiler chickens. Three hundred and fifty, one day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a complete randomized design (CRD) experiment with 7 treatments of 5 replicates and 10 birds each. The dietary treatments were: T1 (control), fed the basal diet containing 2.5g VP/kg of diet; T2, T3 and T4, The reduce dietary VP levels to 1.25 g/kg of diet from 25, 31 and 37 day of ages respectively; T5, T6 and T7, The complete withdrawal dietary VP from 25, 31 and 37 day of ages respectively. The results showed; reduced dietary VP levels to 1.25g/kg of diet from 25d of age did not impair effects on growth performance. The complete withdrawal dietary VP from 25d significantly decreased growth performance (P<0.05). The reduced/ withdraw dietary VP levels from 25, 31 and 37 day of ages had not significant effects on carcass efficiency, tibia bone ash, and humoral immune response to SRBC injection. It is concluded that it is possible to reduce the vitamin supplements in finisher broiler wheat based diets.
Bashir Ghasempour; Abolghasem Golian; Ahmad hassanabadi
Volume 19, Issue 3 , November 2017, , Pages 711-726
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of varying levels of digestible protein (DP) and dietary electrolyte balances (DEB) during the finisher period on performance, blood parameters and small intestine histology of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. A total of 500 mixed sex chickens ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of varying levels of digestible protein (DP) and dietary electrolyte balances (DEB) during the finisher period on performance, blood parameters and small intestine histology of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. A total of 500 mixed sex chickens (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design as a 2×5 factorial arrangement with two levels of DP (%16.5 and %19) and five levels of DEB (150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 meq/kg of diet)with five replicates of 10 birds each during the finisher period. The chicks were exposed to heat stress of 32±2 °C for eight hours/day during 28-42 days of age. Increasing DP levels did not have a significant effect on weight gain under heat stress during the finisher period. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chickens fed 16.5% DP diet was significantly more than 19% DP fed birds (P<0.05). The highest weight gain and lowest FCR were observed in chickens fed 200 mEq/kg of diet EBD which were significantly different only with 300 and 150 mEq/kg EBD treatments. The highest weight gain was observed in broilers fed diet containing 16.5% DP and 200 mEq EBD. Broilers fed diet containing 19% DP in compare to those fed 16.5% DP had lower plasma triglycerides and higher total protein, creatinine, and uric acid contents. Increasing digestible protein from 16.5% to 19% had no significant effect (P>0.05) on small intestine morphology. Diet containing 250 mEq/kg of diet EBD significantly (P<0.05) increased villi surface of small intestine in chickens suffering heat stress. It is concluded that, feeding of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress during the finishing period with diet containing 16.5% digestible protein and 200 mEq/kg dietary electrolyte balances is recommendable.
amir attar; hasan kermanshahi; abolghasem golian
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 441-453
Abstract
The impact of the conditioning process (steam and dry) and processed sodium bentonite (SB) in pellet diet on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood metabolites of broiler chickens in growing period was investigated. For this purpose, 810 day-old male broiler chickens, Ross 308 strain were ...
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The impact of the conditioning process (steam and dry) and processed sodium bentonite (SB) in pellet diet on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood metabolites of broiler chickens in growing period was investigated. For this purpose, 810 day-old male broiler chickens, Ross 308 strain were used. A completely randomized experiment in a 3×3 factorial framework with three types of feed conditionings (without conditioning (dry), 2 minutes steam-conditioning and 4 minutes steam-conditioning) and three levels of sodium bentonite as a pellet binder (0, 0.75 and 1.5 percent) in with nine treatments and six replicates was explored. Processing form alone had a significant effect on the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio(P<0.05), so that the best feed conversion ratio was observed in two minutes of the steam processing (1.33) and 1.5% of sodium bentonite (1.39). The effects of processing, the level of sodium bentonite and their interactions was not significant on feed intake. The effect of processing type on cholesterol and HDL was significant, and the interaction effects of conditioning and G-bind showed a significant effect on serum VLDL of the birds (P<0.05) and the best VLDL was related to 0 minutes steam conditioning and without G-bind. Except for the relative weight of the liver, relative weight of any of the various parts of the carcass and inner organs were not affected by treatments. In general, the 2 minutes steam improves feed conversion ratio and performance of broilers in the growing period.
mohammad Bojarpour; Akbar Yaghoobfar; somayeh salari
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 159-174
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical form, barley variety and enzyme addition on Ileal digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and energy efficiency of broiler chickens.The experiment was carried using a factorial experiment with a completely randomized desiegn. ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical form, barley variety and enzyme addition on Ileal digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and energy efficiency of broiler chickens.The experiment was carried using a factorial experiment with a completely randomized desiegn. Factors were barley varity (Fajr, Reyhaneh, and Yosef), diet form (mash or pellet) and enzyme level (0 and 0/05 g/kg dry matter). Here 927 one day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to 12 treatments, 3 replicates and 27 chickens in each replicate. The results of experiment indicated that the digestibility of nutrients, AME, apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) and energy efficiencies (NE/AMEn) affected by barley variety (p <0/05). Net Energy (NE) affected by main and interaction effects (P < 005). Diets containing Ryhaneh barley variety in comparison with other varietys, increased Ileal Digestibel Protein (IDP), Ileal Digestibel fat (IDF), NE, AME and AMEn (P <0/05). Although pelleting decreased Ileal Digestibility of nutrients (p>005), NE, AME and AMEn (p <0/05), addition of enzyme to diet increased this indicators (P <0/050). According to these results, the use of pellet diet containing Ryhaneh variety with enzyme improved digestibility and energy efficiency and thus it's recommended to be used in poultry nutrition.
Volume 18, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 821-830
Abstract
An experiment was conducted with 600 one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) to investigate the effects of Dillaqueous extracts (Anethum graveolens) on blood and growth performance in broiler during a 42-days period. The chickens were divided to four treatments (0, 5, 10 and 20 ml of dill aqueous extracts ...
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An experiment was conducted with 600 one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) to investigate the effects of Dillaqueous extracts (Anethum graveolens) on blood and growth performance in broiler during a 42-days period. The chickens were divided to four treatments (0, 5, 10 and 20 ml of dill aqueous extracts in drinking water) of five replicates each. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured. At the end of the experiment (day 42), 2 chickens from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered. The heart was removed; weights of right and left ventricles were determined separately and ascetic index was calculated. Plasma activity of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant status (TAS) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of plasma were determined. Results showed that 5ml dill aqueous extracts, significantly increased the body weight and reduced the ascetic index, mortality due to ascites and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Dill aqueous extracts reduced the plasma glucose level (P<0.05). Dill aqueous extracts at 10 and 20 ml, reduced the plasma triglyceride, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and increased the plasma HDL (P<0.05). Antioxidant parameters were not significantly affected by treatments. It was concluded that, 5 ml of aqueous extracts of dill could improve the growth performance and reduce the mortality due to ascites in broilers.
Mina Smaeili; Seyed Reza Hashemi; Darioush Davoodi; Yousef Jafari Ahangari; Saeed Hassani; Niloofar Bolandi; Akram Shabani
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 161-171
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite on performance traits, liver enzymes and blood lipid concentrations to use 375 Cobb 500 broiler chickens in completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates and 15 birds to each ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite on performance traits, liver enzymes and blood lipid concentrations to use 375 Cobb 500 broiler chickens in completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates and 15 birds to each replicate. The use of silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite improved feed conversion ratio compared with the control treatment (P<0.05). Dietary treatments had no significant effect on the feed intakes and weight gain (P>0.05). The use of silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite decreased alkaline phosphatase and alanine amino transferase level in serum (P<0.05). Silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite be can decreased cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein concentration and increased high density lipoprotein concentration in broiler chickens (P>0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite can be considered as a growth and health promoters as well as according to the results of liver function enzymes and blood lipids prevent liver damages during rearing period in broiler chickens.
Zeinab Pourazadi; Heshmatollah Khosravinia; Hassan Nourozian
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 247-256
Abstract
Effects of post-hatch fasting (PHF) and subcutaneous injection of Ca-gluconate (Ca-g) on productive performance, immune response and mortality of broiler chicks were investigated using 640 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks in a 5×2 factorial experiment with five PHF levels (zero, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h) ...
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Effects of post-hatch fasting (PHF) and subcutaneous injection of Ca-gluconate (Ca-g) on productive performance, immune response and mortality of broiler chicks were investigated using 640 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks in a 5×2 factorial experiment with five PHF levels (zero, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h) and two Ca-g injection levels (zero and 0.7 ml) in a completely randomized block design in four replicate pens of 16 birds each up to day 28 of age. The extended PFD up to 36 h significantly decreased body weight and percentage of monocytes and increased mortality of the chicks. Injection of Ca-g increased mortality of the birds by six-fold compared with the control birds (P<0.05). The Ca-g injected birds showed greater antibody titer against Newcastle virus at day 15 of age. The mortality rate of the chicks was significantly affected by PHF×Ca-g interaction and the Ca-g injected birds showed greater mortality percent during all PHF periods. It was concluded that PHF greater than 24 h has adverse effect on productive performance and mortality in broiler chicks at day 28 of age. Administration of Ca-g into the neonate fasted chicks as a source of Ca, glucose and water increased mortality but maintained the yolk immunoglobulins and improved early immune response through day 15 of age.
Parvin Saeedi; Saleh Tabatabaei; Somayeh Sallary; Khalil Mirzadeh; Mehdi Zarei
Volume 16, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 157-166
Abstract
In order to evaluation the effect of Nigella Sativa supplementation on performance, immune response and some of blood parameters, a total of 192 one day old Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomize design with four treatments, four replicates and 12 observations in each replicate. Treatments ...
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In order to evaluation the effect of Nigella Sativa supplementation on performance, immune response and some of blood parameters, a total of 192 one day old Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomize design with four treatments, four replicates and 12 observations in each replicate. Treatments included the increasing levels of zero (control), 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 percent Nigella sativa. In grower and whole period of experiment, the weight of birds received 0.4 and 0.8 percent of Nigella sativa was higher than control group birds (P<0.05). The supplementation of Nigella sativa in diet has not effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratio in starter, grower and total rearing periods. The weights of bursa and thymus in birds received 0.4 and 0.8 percent of Nigella sativa werehigher than control group birds (P<0.05). The weight of liver in birds belong to 0.4 percent of Nigella sativawas higher than control group (P<0.05). Addition of Nigella sativa in dietreduced the glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and increased the HDL in blood serum. The use of Nigella sativa in dietary of birds caused the higher total white blood cells and lower heterophil: lymphocyte ratio. The birds which received 0.4 and 0.8 percent of Nigella sativa had the higher total antioxidant capacity than control group in blood plasma. In conclusion, the use of Nigella sativa up to 0.8 percent in diet, in addition to improvement the performance, increased the immune system activity and total antioxidant capacity in Ross 308 broiler chickens.
Hassan Safari; Ardeshir Mohit; Maziar Mohiti Asli
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 257-267
Abstract
The effect of different levels of dried purslane powder (DPP) in broiler diets on performance, immune response and some of blood factors was studied with 160 one day old chicken Ross 308 in a completely randomized design with four treatments (diets included with levels zero (control), 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ...
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The effect of different levels of dried purslane powder (DPP) in broiler diets on performance, immune response and some of blood factors was studied with 160 one day old chicken Ross 308 in a completely randomized design with four treatments (diets included with levels zero (control), 2.5, 5 and 7.5 percent DPP), four replicates and 10 chicks in each replication. At 22-42 and 1-42 days different level of DPP resulted in a significant increase in the daily body weight gain and daily feed intake. Birds that were fed with five and 7.5 percent of DPP have a better feed conversion ratio compare with the control group (P<0.05). The minimum content of blood cholesterol and triglyceride was observed in birds that were fed with five and 7.5 percent DDP, respectively. DPP did not affect cellular immune response to PHA-P and antibody response to Newcastle vaccine. The total anti-SRBC titer, IgG and IgM in birds were fed with diet containing five percent DDP was significantly higher than compare with the control group on day 35 (P<0.05). The results of this experiment show that adding five percent DPP in broiler diet led to improve performance and also reduced in cholesterol and triglyceride content and improve the humoral immune.