Journal of Animal Production, Print ISSN: 2008-6776., Online ISSN: 2382-994X

The effect of feeding processed cottonseed on performance, blood parameters, nutrients digestibility of and feeding behavior in fattening lambs

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Mahboobeh shahi 1
Taghi Ghoorchi 2
Abdolhakim Toghdory 3
Seyed Hadi Ebrahimi 4

1 Corresponding Author, Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. E-mail: ma.shahi@gau.ac.ir

2 Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. E-mail: ghoorchi@gau.ac.ir

3 Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. E-mail: toghdory@gau.ac.ir

4 Department of Animal Science, Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail: shebrahimi@um.ac.ir

https://doi.org/10.22059/jap.2024.370938.623776
Abstract
Introduction: Cottonseed is a valuable feed ingredient due to its high fiber and energy content, which can enhance the energy and protein levels in animal diets. In the irradiation or micronization method, using infrared rays and without damaging the fat cells, while maintaining the profile of fatty acids, the seed is heated, and its anti-nutritional factors are destroyed. Sodium hydroxide treatment can affect ruminal degradability and nutrient digestibility, ultimately influencing performance. This study aimed to assess the impact of feeding processed cottonseed on the performance, blood parameters, nutrient digestibility, and feeding behavior of fattening male lambs.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the animal husbandry facility in Ghala Khan village, North Khorasan province. For this purpose, 40 Afshari male lambs (4-6 months old) with an average weight of 27.6±4 kg were randomly allocated to four treatments with ten replications for 84 days. The experimental treatments included: 1) diet containing whole cottonseed, 2) diet containing ground cottonseed, 3) diet containing micronized cottonseed, and 4) diet containing sodium hydroxide-treated cottonseed. For irradiation, 5% of drinking water was added to the cottonseed and it was rotated inside a cylinder for 10 minutes at a speed of 20 revolutions per minute until the water was completely absorbed by the seed. Then, the seeds were exposed to infrared radiation with an irradiation distance of 12 cm for 60 seconds in a gas flicker micronizer and immediately after leaving the micronizer, they were placed between two metal rollers. They were pressed and filled at a distance of 1 mm. The chemical processing of the foam samples was done in such a way that first a 4% solution of sodium hydroxide (40 grams of sodium hydroxide in 100 milliliters of distilled water) was prepared. This solution was mixed with cottonseed samples to obtain four grams of sodium hydroxide per 100 grams of dry matter of cotton seeds, and then it was kept and dried in open air for 48 hours. Lambs were kept in individual stalls during the experiment and had free access to water during the period. Fecal and feed samples were collected during the last week of the experimental period for determining digestibility. Insoluble fiber levels were determined using Van Soest's method, and nutrient digestibility was assessed using acid-insoluble ash as an internal marker. Blood samples were collected on the last day and before morning feeding. Feeding behavior (resting, rumination, chewing, eating) of the lambs was measured continuously for 24 hours on the last two days of experiment.
Results and Discussion: The micronized cottonseed increased final weight as well as dry matter digestibility (P<0.05), and improved feed conversion ratio. There was no significant difference in feeding behavior in lambs fed with different treatments of cottonseed. Blood cholesterol, triglyceride and urea levels were highest in lambs fed micronized cottonseed and lowest in those fed whole or ground cottonseed (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that micronized cottonseed and processing of cottonseed by sodium hydroxide could increase daily weight gain and improved the feed conversion ratio in fattening lambs, suggesting their potential inclusion in feedlot diets. 

Keywords

Cottonseed
Lambs
Micronization
Sodium hydroxide
اسدی، محمد؛ قورچی، تقی؛ توغدری، عبدالحکیم. شاهی، محبوبه (1400). اثر جایگزینی سطوح مختلف کاه گندم با گیاه پنبه بر عملکرد، قابلیت هضم، فراسنجه‌های خونی و رفتار نشخوار در میش‌های دالاق. تحقیقات تولیدات دامی، 10(2)، 72-63.
تقی‌نژاد رودبنه، مهدی و ابراهیمی، سید روح‌اله (1389). اثرات تفت دادن پنبه­دانه بر محتوی گوسیپول، روند تجزیه­پذیری و قابلیت هضم پروتئین آن. مجله علمی ـ پژوهشی علوم­کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز، 13(4)، 95-106.
دهقان بنادکی، مهدی؛ نیکخواه، علی؛ امانلو، حمید؛ دانش مسگران، محسن و منصوری، هرمز (1386). اثر فرآوری شیمیایی دانه جو با اوره، هیدروکسیدسدیم یا فرمالدئید بر عملکرد تولیدی و فراسنجه‌های خونی گاوهای هلشتاین شیری. پژوهش‌های کاربردی زارعی، 74(1) :189-194.
سفلائی شهربابک، محمد؛ روزبهان، یوسف ومرادی شهربابک، محمد (1385). تأثیر سطوح مختلف پروتئین جیره بر توان پرواری و صفات لاشه بره‌های نر کرمانی.مجله علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، 13(1)، 98-105.
شاهی، محبوبه و قورچی، تقی. (1395).اثر سطوح مختلف پنبه­دانه کامل بر تولید، ترکیبات شیر، قابلیت هضم و فراسنجه­های خونی در گاو شیری نژاد مونت­بیلیارد. نشریه پژوهش های علوم دامی ایران، 8 (4)، 625-635.
کمالی، رضا؛ چاشنی­د­ل، یدا...؛ تیموری یانسری، اسدا.. و مهاجر، مختار (1400). تأثیر پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور مایکروویو شده بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجه­های شکمبه، تولید پروتئین­میکروبی و ابقاء نیتروژن در بره­های پرواری دالاق. نشریه پژوهش در نشخوارکنندگان، 9 (3)،122-107.
فرامرزی گرمرودی، علی؛ دانش مسگران، محسن و وکیلی، سید علیرضا (1390). تخمین فراسنجه­های تجزیه­پذیری شکمبه­ای ماده خشک و دیواره سلولی وتولیدگاز پوسته الیاف­دار دانه پنبه (شولوخه) عمل­آوری‌شده با هیدروکسیدسدیم. نشریه پژوهش‌های علوم دامی، 21 (2)،23-36.
فروغی، علیرضا ؛ ولی‌زاده، رضا؛ ناصریان، عباسعلی و دانش مسگران، محسن (1383). تأثیر آسیاب‌کردن و حرارت دان پنبه­دانه بر تولید و ترکیب شیر گاوهای شیری هلشتاین. مجله علوم و صنایع کشاورزی، 2(18)، 195-181.
قنبری، فرزاد؛کریم کشته، انیس؛ مصطفی لو،یوسف و قره باش، آشورمحمد (1399). تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی و فراسنجه­های تجزیه‌پذیری شکمبه­ای پنبه­دانه عمل­آوری‌شده با حرارت و تأثیر آن برفراسنجه­های خونی و عملکرد رشد بره­های دالاق. نشریه پژوهش در نشخوارکنندگان، 8 (2)، 144-125.
ولی‌زاده قلعه بیگ، امین؛ قورچی، تقی و حسنی، سعید (1399). اثرات عمل‌آوری فیزیکوشیمیایی دانه گندم بر جمعیت میکروبی شکمبه، فراسنجه­های بیوشیمیایی و ایمنی خون بره­های نر پرواری افشاری. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی محیط زیست جانوری، 12(3)،51-42.
 
References
Asadi, M., Ghoorchi, T., Toghdory, A., & Shahi, M. (2021) Effect of replacing different levels of wheat straw with cottonseed plant on performance, digestibility, blood parameters, and rumination behavior in Dalagh ewes. Journal Production Research, 10 (2), 63-72. (In Persian)
AOAC. (2005). Association of Official Analytical Chemistery Official Methods of Analysis, AOAC, Washington, DC. 14th Edition .
Araujo, R. C., Pires, A.V., Susin, I., Mendes, C. Q., Rodrigues, G. H., Packer, I. U., & Eastridge, M. L. (2008). Milk yield, milk composition, eating behavior, and lamb performance of ewes fed diets containing soybean hulls replacing coastcross (Cynodon species) hay. Journal of Animal Science, 86, 3511-3521.
Dehghan Banadaki, M., Nikkhah, A., Amanlu, H., Daneshmesgaran, M., & Mansory, H. (2000). Effects of chemical treatment of barley with sodium hydroxide, ammonia or formaldehyde on blood metabolites and productive performance of lactating Holstein dairy cow. Animal Science Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), (74), 189-194. (In Persian)
Faramarzi Garmroodi,A., Danesh Mesgaran, M., & Vakili, A. R. (2011). In situ ruminal degradation of dry matter and NDF and gas production parameters of cottonseed hulls treated with sodium hydroxide, Animal Science Research Journal, 21(2), 23-36. (In Persian)
Folawiyo, Y. L., & Apenden, R. K. O. (1997). The effect of heat and acid treatment on the structure of rapeseed albumin (napin). Food Chemistry, 58, 237-243
Ghanbari, F., Karim Koshte, A., Mostafaloo, Y., & Gharehbash, A.M. (2020). Determination of chemical composition and ruminal degradability parameters of heat treated cottonseed and its effect on blood parameters and growth performance of Dalagh lambs. Journal of Ruminant Research, 8(2), 135-143.(In Persian)
Ghoorchi, T., Lund, P., Larsen, M., Hvelplund, T., Hansen-Møller, J., & Weisbjerg, M.R. (2013). Assessment of the mobile bag method for estimation of in vivo starch digestibility, Animal, 7, 265-71.
Kamali, R., Chashnidel, Y., Teymouri yansari, A., & Mohajer, M., (2021). Effect of microwave-treated poultry byproduct meal on growth performance, rumen parameters, microbial protein, and nitrogen retention in Dalagh fattening lambs. Journal of Ruminant Research, 9(3), 107-122. (In Persian)
McAllister, T. A., & Sultana, H. (2011). Effects of micronization on the in situ and in vitro digestion of cereal grains. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 24, 929-939. doi:10.5713/ajas.2011.10387.
NRC.(2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminant; Sheep, Goat; Cervids and New World Press.
Porter, J. C., Warner, R. G., & Kertz, A. F. (2007). Effect of fiber level and physical form of starter on growth and development of dairy calves fed no forage. Journal of Animal Science, 23, 395-400.
Samsami, R., Rohani, A., Heidarian Miri, V & Ebrahimi, S. H. (2021). Operational conditions of micronized maize grains assessed by modeling ruminal in vitro gas production data and three steps method. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 11(4), 655-668.
Shahi, M., & Ghoorchi., T. (2015). Effect of different levels of whole cottonseed on production, milk composition, digestibility and blood parameters of Montebeliard breed lactating cows. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 8(4), 625-635. (In Persian).
Sajjadi, H., Ebrahimi, S. H., Vakili, S. A., Rohani, A., Golzarian, M. R., & Heidarian Miri, V. (2022). Operational conditions and potential benefits of grains micronization for ruminant: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 287, 115285. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci. 2022.115285.
SAS Institute. (2004). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA
Soflei shahrbabak, M., Rouzbehan,Y., & Moradi Shahrbabk, M. (2006).The effect of different levels of digestible undegradable protein on the performance and carcass characteristics of Kermani male lamb. Journal of Agricultural Science Nature Resource, 13(1), 98-105. (In Persian)
Taghinejad Roudbaneh, M., & Ebrahimi, S. R. (2010). Effects of roasting cotton seed on its gossypol content, ruminal degradability and in vitro protein digestibility. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, 4(13), 95-106. (In Persian)
Tuncer, S. D., & Sacakli, P. (2003). Rumen degradability characteristics of xylose treated canola and soybean meals. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology, 107, 211-218.
Valizadeh Ghalebeyg, V., Ghoorchi, T., & Hasani, S. (2018). Effects of using chemical and physical processed wheat on the performance, chemical composition and nutrients digestibility in fattening lambs. Journal of Ruminant Research, 5(4), 1-20. (In Persian)
Van Keulen, J. B., & Young, A. (1977). Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Journal of Dairy Science, 44, 282-287
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and no starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597.
Zarnegar, Z., Lashkari, S., Ebrahimi, S.H. Valizadeh, R., Naserian, A.A., & Jensen,S. K. (2024). Effect of micronization and vitamin E supplementation on ruminal biohydrogenation kinetic of whole flaked rapeseed. Journal of Applied Animal Research,52(1), 2290124. doi: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2290124
Journal of Animal Production, Print ISSN: 2008-6776., Online ISSN: 2382-994X
Volume 26, Issue 3
Autumn 2024
Pages 291-301

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us