Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan

Abstract

The effects of increasing levels of L-leucine supplementation on performance, carcass traits, breast meat production and determination of digestible leucine requirement broilers during the grower period (15 to 30 days) using 240 Ross males broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with six dietary treatments (five repetitions and eight chicks per repetition) was investigated. Treatments include; a basal diet with 1.53% digestible leucine and five diets containing 1.63, 1.73, 1.83, 1.93, and 2.03% digestible leucine by adding synthetic L-leucine to the basal diet. By increasing the levels of digetible Leucin, body wieght gain, carcass and breast muscle percentage were increased, but feed conversion ratio and abominal fat percentage were decreasd (p < 0.05). The response trends to increasing levels of digestible leucine were quadratic for weight gain, feed conversion ratio, the relative weight of carcass, relative weight of breast muscle and relative weight of abdominal fat ( p < 0.05). Due to the better fit of the quadratic model to the response criteria, digestible Leucine requirements were estimated at 1.70, 1.72, 1.724, and 1.735% for body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, the relative weight of carcass and breast muscle; respectively. Based on the average of these estimates, the suggested digestible Leucine requirements of broilers in the grower period is 1.72%.

Keywords

1. Aude S, Eric LG, Van P and Etienne C (2002)
Estimating amino acid requirements through
dose-response experiments.Technical note.
Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S.
2. Aviagen (2009) Ross 308 management
manual. Midlothian, Scotland.
3. Barbour G and Latshaw JD (1992) Isoleucine
requirement to f broiler chicks as affected by
the concentrations of leucine and valine in
practical diets.Britesh Poulttry Science. 33:
561-568.
4. Burnham D, Emmans GC and Gous RM
(1992) Isoleucine requirements of the chicken:
the effect of excess leucine and valine on the
response to isoleucine. Britesh Poulttry
Science. 33: 71-87.
5. Chang Y, Cai H, Liu G, Chang W, Zheng A,
Zhang S, Liao R, Liu W, Li Y and Tian J
(2015) Effects of dietary leucine
supplementation on the gene expression of
mammalian target of rapamycin signaling
pathway and intestinal development of
broilers. Animal Nutrition. 1. 1-7.
6. Chen X, Zhang Q and Applegate TJ ( 2016)
Impact of dietary branched chain amino acids
concentration on broiler chicks during
aflatoxicosis. Poultry Science. 95: 1281-1289.
7. Choct M, Naylor A, Hutton O and Nolan J
(2013) Increasing efficiency of lean tissue
composition in broiler chickens; A Report for
the Rural Industries Research and
Development Corporation. 2000 Publication
No 98/123.
8. D’Mello JPF (2003) Adverse Effects of Amino
Acids. Pages: 125-142 in Amino Acids in
Animal Nutrition. Amino acids in animal
nutrition / edited by J.P.F. D’Mello. 2nd ed.
CAB International.
9. Deng H, Zheng A, Liu G, Chang W, Zhan S
and Cai H (2013) Activation of mammalian
target of rapamycin signaling in skeletal
muscle of neonatal chicks: Effects of dietary
leucine and age. Poult. Science. 93: 114-121.
10. Donsbough AL, Powell S, Waguespack A,
Bidner, TD and Southern LL (2010) Uric acid,
urea, and ammonia concentrations in serum
and uric acid concentration in excreta as
indicators of amino acid utilization in diets for
broilers. Poultry Science. 89: 287-294.
11. Edmonds M and Baker D (1987) Amino acid
excesses for young pigs: Effects of excess
methionine, tryptophan, threonine or leucine.
Jurnal Animal Science.1987. 64: 1664-1671.
12. Erwan E, Alimin AR, Sazili AQ and Yaakub H
(2009) Effect of varying levels of leucine and
energy on Performance and carcass
characteristics of broiler chickens. International
Journal of Poultry Science. Issue 7(7): 696-699.
13. Farran MT, Barbour EK and Ashkarian VM
(2003) Effect of excess leucine in low protein
diet on ketosis in 3-week-old male broiler
chicks fed different levels of isoleucine and
valine. Animal Feed Science and Technology.
103: 171-176.
14. Layman DK (2003) The role of leucine in
weight loss diets and glucose homeostasis. J
Nutr 133: 261-267.
15. Leeson S and Summers JD (2001) Protein and
amino acids. Pages: 102-175 in Scott’s
Nutrition of the chicken. 4th rev. ed. S.
Leeson, and J.D. Summers, eds. University
Books, Ontario, Canada.
16. Nissen S, Fuller JC, Sell J, Ferket PR and
Rives DV (1994) The effect of β-hydroxy-β-
methylbutyrate on growth, mortality, and
carcass qualities of broiler chickens. Poultry.
Science. 73: 137-155.
17. Nutrient requirements of poultry & NRC (1994)
Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.
18. Ospina- Rojas ICO, Murakami AM, Durarte
CRA, Nascimento CR, Garca ERM, Sakamoto
MI and Nunes RV (2016) Leucine and valine
supplementation of low-protein diets for
broiler chickens from 21 to 42 days of age.
Poultry Science. 4: 914-92.
19. Ostaszewski P, Kostiuk,S Balasińska B, Jank M,
Papet M, and Glomot F (2000) The leucine
metabolite 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (HMB)
modifies protein turnover in muscles of
laboratory rats and domestic chickens in vitro.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal
Nutrition. 84: 1-8.
20. Qiao X, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Yue HY, Zuo JJ,
Feng DY and Qi GH (2013) Effect of β-hydroxy-
β-methylbutyrate calcium on growth, blood
parameters, and carcass qualities of broiler
chickens. Poultry Science. 92(3): 753759.
21. Ren M, Zhang S, Liu X, Li S, Mao X, Zeng X
and Qiao SY (2016) Different lipopolysaccharide
branched-chain amino acids modulate porcine
intestinal endogenous -defensin expression
through the Sirt1/ERK/90RSK pathway. Journal
of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 64: 337-
3379.
22. Ren M, Zhang SH, Zeng XF, Liu H and Qiao
SY(2015) Branched-chain amino acids are
beneficial to maintain growth performance and
intestinal immune-related function in weaned
piglets fed protein restricted diet. Asian-australas.
Journal of Animal Science. 28: 1742-1750.
23. Sakomura NK, Gous RM, Kyriazakis I, and
Hauschild I (2015) Nutritional modelling for
pigs and poultry. CAB International.
24. Szczes'niak KA, Ostaszewski P, Fuller JC,
Ciecierska A and Sadkowsk T (2015) Dietary
supplementation of β-hydroxy-b-methylbutyrate
in animals-a review. Journal of Animal
Physiology and Animal Nutrition 99: 405-417.
25. Vinnna D, Teodoro GFRT, Torres-Leal FL and
Tirapegui J (2010) Protein synthesis regulation
by leucine. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical
Sciences. 46(1).
26. Waldroup PW, Kersey JH and Fritss CA
(2002) Influence of branched-chain amino acid
balance in broiler diets. International journal of
Poultry Science. 1(5): 136-144.
27. Wolfe RR (2017) Branched-chain amino acids
and muscle protein synthesis in humans: myth
or reality? Journal of the International Society
of Sports Nutrition. 14: 30. 1-7.
28. Wu G(2013) Amino Acids: Biochemistry and
Nutrition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
29. Zeitz JO, Käding SC, Niewalda IR, Most E,
Dorigam JCP, and Eder K (2019) The
influence of dietary leucine above
recommendations and fixed ratios to isoleucine
and valine on muscle protein synthesis and
degradation pathwaysin broilers. Poultry
Science 0: 1-15.
30. Zhang S, Zeng X, Pen M, Mao X, and Qiao S
(2017) Novel metabolic and physiological
functions of branched chain amino acids:
areview. Journal of Animal Science and
Biotechnology 8(10): 1-12.