Zahra Alimohammadi; Hassan Shirzadi; Kamran Taherpour; Ali Khatibjoo
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March 2024, , Pages 73-86
Abstract
Introduction: With the increase of the population in the last century, the need for protein sources, especially protein with animal origin, has increased. One of the important and inexpensive sources of animal proteins is poultry products. However, many food-borne diseases that are among the most obvious ...
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Introduction: With the increase of the population in the last century, the need for protein sources, especially protein with animal origin, has increased. One of the important and inexpensive sources of animal proteins is poultry products. However, many food-borne diseases that are among the most obvious problems related to human health are transmitted to humans through poultry products. Generally, poultry are sensitive to pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridium, Salmonella, and Campylobacter. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the main causes of bacterial enteritis in humans and account for about 90% and less than 10% of deaths in people with campylobacteriosis, respectively. Poultry farmers use antibiotic growth promoters to prevent the colonization of pathogenic bacteria, but their use has been banned in European Union since 2006 due to antibiotic resistance. However, in order to prevent the reduction of growth performance and mortality caused by the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to introduce suitable alternatives. The antimicrobial potential of several medicinal plants, some plant-derived bioactive compoundsas well as some organic acids against a suspension of two Campylobacter serotypes (including 8 strains of C. jejuni and 3 strains of C. coli) has been investigated, under in vitro study. It has been revealed that oregano, rosemary, and cinnamon have a higher potential in reducing campylobacter colonization, among other phytobiotic compounds. Considering that under in vivo conditions, no research has been conducted on these medicinal plants with broiler chickens exposed to Campylobacter colonization. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the growth performance, excreta microbiota, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens challenged with C. jejuni and evaluating the potential of oregano, rosemary, and cinnamon in reducing the negative effects of this pathogen.
Material and Methods: A total of 192 one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates of 8 birds. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1-negative control (NC; basal diet without additive and without of C. jejuni); 2-positive control (PC; basal diet without additives but challenged with C. jejuni); 3-basal diet + Erythromycin (55 mg/kg); 4-basal diet + oregano powder (3 g/kg); 5- basal diet + rosemary powder (3 g/kg) and 6-basal diet+cinnamon powder (3 g/kg). All chickens were orally gavaged once a day with a suspension of C. jejuni live culture (2×108 cfu/mL, 1 mL/bird) on days 21 to 25, with the exception of those fed the NC. Throughout the experimental period, the birds were fed ad libitum and had free access to water.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the C. jejuni, while weakening performance during the growth period, caused an increase in campylobacter colonization and a decrease in lactobacilli counts of the excreta (P<0.05). The reason for the improvement of the microflora can be due to the presence of antibacterial compounds such as thymol, carvacrol, verbenone, and cinnamaldehyde in the composition of the mentioned medicinal plants. Campylobacter jejuni also decreased the digestibility of organic matter and led to a decrease in villous height, villous height to crypt depth ratio, and villi surface area in the jejunum (P<0.05). The reason for the improvement of the intestinal morphology by herbal additives can be due to the improvement of the microflora of the digestive tract. All the negative effects arising from C. jejuni were alleviated by dietary treatments containing feed additives (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that oregano and rosemary have the potential to reduce the pathogenic effects of Campylobacter jejuni and can be used as suitable alternatives to antibiotics in feeding broilers.
Iran Khodadadi; Tahere Mohammadabadi; Morteza Chaji; Mohsen Sari
Volume 16, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 123-135
Abstract
This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of (zero, 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg Atriplex forage) malva sylvestris on digestibility and microbial fermentation of Atriplex in one-humped camel. Fermentation parameters by gas production technique and in vitro digestibility by two-stage digestion were measured ...
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This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of (zero, 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg Atriplex forage) malva sylvestris on digestibility and microbial fermentation of Atriplex in one-humped camel. Fermentation parameters by gas production technique and in vitro digestibility by two-stage digestion were measured by two years old female fistulated camels. Addition 40 and 60 mg/kg malva sylvestris increased gas produced from Atriplex forage (P<0.05). Gas production rate constant didn’t affect by malva sylvestris (P>0.05). Addition malva sylvestris (60 mg/kg) to Atriplex, significantly decreased partitioning factor, microbial biomass, the efficiency of microbial biomass and organic matter actually degradable (P<0.05). Addition of Malva sylvestris 40 and 60 mg/kg were significantly reduced medium pH (P<0.05). The compared with control the highest ammonia-nitrogen concentrations was for treatment containing 20 mg/kg malva sylvestris (11.37 mg/100 ml) (P<0.05). Also this treatment had the greatest NDF digestibility comparison to control (P<0.05). Adding malva sylvestris in 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg to Atriplex increased the protozoa population at 12 and 24 in comparison to control 48 h incubation (P<0.05). Species of Diplodinium camli, Diplodinium maggi, Epidinium ecudatum and Eudiplodinium maggi in treatments containing malva sylvestris were the highest. In conclusion, high fermentation malva sylvestris increase digestibility and gas production of Atriplex in one-humped camel diets.
Rohollah Ebrahimi; Tahereh Mohammadabadi; Mohsen Sari; Somayeh Sallari; Mohammadjavad Zamiri; Mohammadtaghi Beigi Nassiri
Volume 15, Issue 2 , October 2013, , Pages 127-138
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different levels of silymarin (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg diet) onperformance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters and antioxidant status, 120 day-old chicks wereassigned to 3 treatments with four replicates and 10 birds in each in a completely randomized design.Results ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different levels of silymarin (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg diet) onperformance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters and antioxidant status, 120 day-old chicks wereassigned to 3 treatments with four replicates and 10 birds in each in a completely randomized design.Results showed supplementation of 200 mg silymarin significantly decreased the body weight gain(BWG) in starter (P<0.05) and whole period of experiment (P<0.01) and significantly increased feedconversion ratio at starter (P<0.05), grower (P<0.05) and total rearing periods (P<0.01). Also, addition of100 mg silymarin significantly increased the carcass relative weight (P<0.01) and supplementation of 200mg silymarin significantly increased the breast relative weight (P<0.05). Furthermore, 200 mg silymarinsignificantly increased the malondialdehyde and heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio and significantly decreasedsuperoxide dismutase (P<0.05). These results showed that supplementation of silymarin in diet undernormal condition, improved the carcass and breast relative weight, but no had effect on bird’s oxidativestatus.
Yasamin Bahri; hossein Moravej
Volume 25, Issue 2 , July 2023, , Pages 183-199
Abstract
Introduction: Aflatoxins are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus mold, and aflatoxin B1 is the most dangerous form of this toxin. In addition, aflatoxin B1 in poultry causes low productivity and high sensitivity to diseases and the use of inorganic and organic toxin binders is ...
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Introduction: Aflatoxins are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus mold, and aflatoxin B1 is the most dangerous form of this toxin. In addition, aflatoxin B1 in poultry causes low productivity and high sensitivity to diseases and the use of inorganic and organic toxin binders is one of the nutritional strategies to confront aflatoxins.
Materials and Methods: In this research, the effects of adding multi-component toxin binder to diets containing aflatoxin B1 on growth performance, blood parameters, and liver histology by using 180 male broilers day-olds (Ross 308) in a factorial experiment (3×3), with three levels of toxin binder (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 kg/ton) and three levels of aflatoxin B1 (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) were studied based on a completely randomized design in nine treatments, four replications, and five chickens in each replicate.
Results: The results showed that using the 1.0 kg/ton of toxin binder, significantly reduced negative effects of 0.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 on the average daily weight gain, live weight and average daily feed intake in the total period (P<0.05). But the birds consuming the treatment containing 0.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 and 1.0 kg/ton of toxin binder did not show a significant difference, in the average feed conversion ratio compared to all treatments except the treatment that containing 0.0 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 and 0.5 kg/ton of toxin binder. The regression equation (Y= 7.5298x+ 53.377) with (R2= 0.78), was obtained to predict the average daily weight gain of birds fed with treatments containing 0.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 and different levels of toxin binder. Feeding chickens with diets containing aflatoxin B1, significantly decreased the serum concentration of cholesterol, albumin, and total protein and increased serum concentration of creatinine and urea (P<0.05). In addition, there were not significant effects for the main and interaction of aflatoxin B1 and toxin binder for the blood serum alkaline phosphatase. For liver histological results, portal inflammation was evident in all treatments, but the amount of fibrosis and necrosis was higher in treatments with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 than 0.0 level of its, and in the liver of birds fed with the highest level of aflatoxin B1 (1.0 mg/kg), micro and macro lipid vesicles were observed, which indicates a fatty liver. Also, some hepatocytes lost their cytoplasm due to the storage of a type of glycogen and in some parts, a proliferation of fibroblasts with fine collagen fibers deposition, was observed. The toxin binder did not prevent of the negative effects of aflatoxin B1 on the destruction of liver tissue.
Conclusion: Based on the results, adding 1.0 kg/ton level of multi-component toxin binder to diets containing 0.5 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 can improve the average daily weight gain, live weight, and average daily feed intake of broilers.
seyed mohammad reza beheshti; kamran rezayazdi; arya badiei; Mostafa Sadeghi
Volume 23, Issue 2 , July 2021, , Pages 213-221
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of live yeast on ruminal function and health of dairy cows fed diets containing low and high concentrations of non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). In this experiment, six cannulated dairy cows were randomly assigned in a Latin square ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of live yeast on ruminal function and health of dairy cows fed diets containing low and high concentrations of non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). In this experiment, six cannulated dairy cows were randomly assigned in a Latin square design with six periods (14-days) and six treatments including 1- diet contain low NFC free of live yeast, 2-diet contain low NFC with 5 g/d of live yeast, 3-diet contain low NFC with 10 g/d of live yeast, 4-diet contain high NFC free of live yeast, 5-diet contain high NFC with 5 g/d of live yeast and 6-diet contain high NFC with 10 g/d of live yeast. Dry matter intake, rumination, ruminal parameters and blood metabolites were determined in the different periods. Dry matter intake, rumination activity, nutrient digestibility, mean ruminal pH and temperature were not affected by treatments. General and plasma indicators of animal healthwere also not affected by treatments. Overall, the results of this experiment indicated that dietary supplementation with live yeasthad no significant effect on rumen function and health in cows fed diets containing different concentrations of NFC.
Maziar Mohiti-Asli; Moein Ghanaatparast-Rashti
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 223-233
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine of the effects of vitamin E and C supplementation in diet based on different source of oils on performance and serum parameters of broilers. A total of 320 broiler chicks (Strain Ross 308) used in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement in the form of completely ...
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An experiment was conducted to determine of the effects of vitamin E and C supplementation in diet based on different source of oils on performance and serum parameters of broilers. A total of 320 broiler chicks (Strain Ross 308) used in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement in the form of completely randomized design with eight treatments, four replicates and 10 chicks in each replicate. Experimental factors included: two different oil sources (soybean and canola), two levels of vitamin E (zero and 200 mg/kg), and two levels of vitamin C (0 and 1000 mg/kg). Oil sources and vitamin E and C had no effect on performance of broilers. Supplementation of vitamin E or C increased serum total cholesterol and HDL (P<0.05). Source of oil had no significant effect on glucose and total serum cholesterol. Broilers fed diet containing canola oil had higher HDL and lower serum malondialdehyde than those fed diets with soybean oil (P<0.01). Supplementation of vitamin C to the diets containing canola oil decreased serum triglyceride compared with diets include soybean oil and vitamin C (P<0.05). Supplementation of vitamin E decreased serum malondialdehyde and increased activity of glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05). Results of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of canola oil, vitamin C or E to broiler diet increased serum HDL and vitamin E decreased oxidation of serum lipids by improving antioxidant system.
Fahima Daneshyar; S. Mohammad Hosseini; Akbar Yaghobfar
Volume 21, Issue 2 , July 2019, , Pages 233-246
Abstract
In order to determine the effect of non-starch polysaccarides on performance, energy and protein efficiencies and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks, an experiment was conducted in three periods of starter, grower and finisher period, using 420 one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks from both sexes ...
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In order to determine the effect of non-starch polysaccarides on performance, energy and protein efficiencies and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks, an experiment was conducted in three periods of starter, grower and finisher period, using 420 one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks from both sexes in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, six replicates and 10 chicks per replicate. The experimental treatments were basal diet, diets containing 0.10 and 0.20 percent of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, diets containing 5 and 10 percent of wheat bran, diets containing three and six percent of soybean hull. The results of the experiment showed that the control treatment had the lowest feed intake during the whole period of breeding (P<0.05). The highest feed intake was related to 10 percent wheat bran and levels of 3 and 6 percent soybean hull (P<0.05). Treatments containing 3 percent soybean hull showed the highest daily weight gain (P<0.05) during the whole experiment. There is no statistical difference for the feed conversion ratio during the whole trial period. The highest relative energy efficiency related to yeast levels were compared to treatments containing wheat bran and soybean hull (P<0.05). The lowest relative energy and protein efficiency was related to 10 percent wheat bran compared to control treatment (P <0.05). The results of the experiment showed that the use of two tenths of yeast, 10 percent wheat bran and six percent soybean hull in the diet of broiler chickens is recommended.
Rana Delkash Taleshmekail; mohammad hassan fathi nasari; homayoun farhangfar; mohsen mojtahedi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 249-258
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bentonite, kaolin and activated carbon on the absorption of Cu, Fe and Mn by in vitro and in vivo methods in Baluchi lambs. In vitro experiment, the binders effect on the minerals absorption was investigated in a completely randomized design ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bentonite, kaolin and activated carbon on the absorption of Cu, Fe and Mn by in vitro and in vivo methods in Baluchi lambs. In vitro experiment, the binders effect on the minerals absorption was investigated in a completely randomized design with factor arrangement with standard solutions of Cu, Fe and Mn with concentrations of 7, 20 and 30 mg/l, respectively, four levels of binders (no binders, 10, 20 and 40 g/l) and three pHs 5.5, 6.4 and 7.5 and incubation for 60 min. In vivo experiment, bentonite, kaolin and activated carbon including 0, 10 and 20 g/kg DM were added to diet of 36 fattening lambs (6-7 months) for 90d in a completely randomized design. Feed intake, weight gain and blood and wool concentration of Cu, Fe and Mn were measured on 0, 45 and 90d. In vitro experiment, activated carbon had the highest and kaolin had the lowest mineral absorption by increasing binders levels and pH (P<0.05). In vivo experiment, the effect of treatments on feed intake, body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and blood and wool concentration of Fe were not significant.The concentration of Cu and Mn in the blood and wool in lambs fed with binder were lower than control treatment (P<0.05). In general, the use of binders, especially activated carbon at low concentrations, causes less absorption of minerals. In vitro methods can be used to select binders instead of animal experiments.
Zeinab Moradpour; Somayeh Salari; Mohammad Reza Ghorbani; Mohsen Sari
Volume 18, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 261-272
Abstract
This experiment conducted to evaluate the effect of different methods of force molting on performance, egg quality of laying hens with one hundred eighty of 52-wk old Hy-line layer in completely randomized design with six treatments, five replicates for 90 days. Treatments include 1 - feed withdrawal ...
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This experiment conducted to evaluate the effect of different methods of force molting on performance, egg quality of laying hens with one hundred eighty of 52-wk old Hy-line layer in completely randomized design with six treatments, five replicates for 90 days. Treatments include 1 - feed withdrawal (FW), 2 - 50 percent alfalfa meal: 50 percent layer ration, 3 - 75 percent alfalfa meal: 25 percent layer ration, 4 - 100 percent alfalfa meal, 5 - whole barley grain (WBG) and 6 - high level of zinc oxide (20000 ppm) that were used for 10 days. The highest percentage of weight loss was observed in FW and zinc oxide groups (P<0.05). Egg production of birds that fed 50 percent alfalfa meal: 50 percent layer ration stopped later and reached to 50 percent egg production sooner than the other treatments (P<0/05). The WBG and 100 percent alfalfa meal had better egg production feed conversion ratio in compare to FW birds (P<0.05). The mean egg weight observed higher in FW group and egg yolk color was higher in FW and WBG groups in compare to the other treatments (P<0.05). The WBG and zinc oxide groups had highest eggshell percentage (P<0.05). According to the results of this experiment it seems that WBG and 100 percent alfalfa meal groups are the useful methods for force molting because of improving performance parameters of layers.
maryam bagheri Varzaneh
Volume 20, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 269-281
Abstract
Extract of Scrophularia striata (ES) was tested as a feed additive for improving the efficiency of ruminal degradation of nutrients, concentration of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Twelve fermentation units (vessels) were ...
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Extract of Scrophularia striata (ES) was tested as a feed additive for improving the efficiency of ruminal degradation of nutrients, concentration of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Twelve fermentation units (vessels) were set up for 2 experimental runs each lasting 10 d wherein the last 5 days served for sampling. Treated vessels were supplied with no additive (Control), 10 mg/d monensin (Monensin), and 480 and 960 mg/d of ES, respectively. Both levels of ES and monensin decreased methane production expressed per gram nutrients degraded (P<0.05). Production of total volatile fatty acid per gram DM and organic matter degraded was higher in ES treatments in comparison with control and Monensin (P<0.05). The ammonia production expressed per gram CP degraded was lower than control only in the high level of ES supplementation (P<0.05). The latter treatment also resulted in the highest concentration of total flavonoid, phenol lic compounds and antioxidant activity compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Based on the present results, ES could be considered as an alternative to antibiotic for improving the efficiency of degradation, increasing ruminal antioxidant activity and decreasing methane production.
Hossein Irandoust; Abbasali Gheisari; Mohammad Irandoust
Volume 25, Issue 3 , October 2023, , Pages 309-323
Abstract
Introduction: During many years, with the breeding operations on native hens of Sepahan, growth rate, age of sexual maturity, egg production, egg weight and many other traits of their productive performance have been improved. Estimation of nutritional requirements, especially metabolisable energy and ...
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Introduction: During many years, with the breeding operations on native hens of Sepahan, growth rate, age of sexual maturity, egg production, egg weight and many other traits of their productive performance have been improved. Estimation of nutritional requirements, especially metabolisable energy and crude protein, is necessary to achieve high fertility and hatchability and produce day-old chicks with appropriate quality.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary energy and protein on productive performance and egg quality characteristics of the improved indigenous hens in 42-53 weeks of age (during 3 periods of 28 days). Totally, 180 Sepahan hens were assigned to a 3 × 2 factorial arrangements in a completely randomized. Factor 1 was different levels of metabolizable energy (2400, 2550 and 2700 kcal/kg), and factor 2 was levels of crude protein (14 and 16%). Data were collected for feed intake, egg production, egg weight, feed to egg conversion ratio, shell strength, shell thickness, shell weight, percentage of shell weight to egg weight, yolk color index, percentage of yolk weight to egg weight and Hough unit. In addition, during the experimental period, during three stages after artificial insemination, the eggs of Isfahan native breeder hens were collected and after numbering and grading, they were grouped and separated according to the treatment and repetition of the device. Incubators were transferred. At the end of the incubation period, the number of hatched chicks from each replication was counted and group weighing was performed. The components studied at this stage of the experiment also included fertility efficiency, hatchability, day-old chick weight and percentage of chick weight to hatchable eggs.Results and Discussion: According to the results of the present experiment, in the whole experimental period, feed intake, egg weight and egg production were not affected by experimental treatments (P<0.05). Egg mass weight in chickens fed diets containing 2550 kcal was significantly higher than chickens fed diets containing 2400 kcal (P <0.05) and feed-to-egg conversion ratio in native hens, fed diets containing 2550 kcal was lower than 2400 kcal (P <0.05). The highest egg shell strength (3.4 kg/cm2) was in diets containing 2700 kcal energy and 14% crude protein and the lowest (3.02 kg/cm2) was in diets containing 2400 kcal energy and 14% crude protein (P<0.05). By increasing crude energy levels, the color of egg yolk also increased (P <0.05). Increasing the level of crude protein in the diet decreased Hough units of eggs (P <0.05). The highest rate of fertility and hatchability of hatchable eggs was obtained in treatments containing 2550 kcal of energy (P<0.05). Experimental treatments had no significant effect on the weight of day-old chicks (g) and the ratio of chicken weight to the weight of hatchable eggs. However, fertility (percentage) and hatchability rates of fertile eggs (percentage) were affected by different energy levels (P <0.05), so that the highest fertility rate was in treatments received 2550 kcal ME/kg of diets. Different levels of crude protein and energy and protein interactions had no significant effects on these traits. Embryo mortalities in the first and second weeks of the incubation period (percentage) were not affected by experimental treatments, but embryo mortalities in the third week and in the whole incubation period were affected by the interaction of energy levels and crude protein in the diet (P<0.05).Conclusion: In general, based on the results obtained under the conditions of this study, it seems that the diet containing 2550 kcal metabolisable energy and 14% protein is appropriate for feeding to Isfahan native breeder hens during the laying period.
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 321-336
Abstract
The present experiment conducted to investigate the effect of processing broiler litter with different levels of tannin extracted from pomegranate peel on in vitro rumen digestion and fermentation, rumen fungi and bacteria growth using completely randomized design in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources ...
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The present experiment conducted to investigate the effect of processing broiler litter with different levels of tannin extracted from pomegranate peel on in vitro rumen digestion and fermentation, rumen fungi and bacteria growth using completely randomized design in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Dietary treatments were adding pomegranate peel extract to broiler litter at levels 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 percent of dietary dry matter (DM). The gas and potential of gas production were constant with increasing level of pomegranate peel extract up to 20 and 15 percent, respectively. Rate of gas production was similar between treatments, except for diets containing 20 and 35 percent of pomegranate peel extract which decreased significantly (P<0.05). Increasing the level of pomegranate peel extract decreased rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration, but increased partitioning factor, microbial protein production and efficiency of microbial protein compared to control diet (P<0.05). Highest and lowest two-step crude protein digestibility was observed in diets containing 15 and 35 percentage pomegranate peel extract, respectively (P<0.05). After three days incubation of diets in specific rumen bacteria medium with increasing level of pomegranate peel extract, DM digestibility and ammonia nitrogen concentration decreased (P<0.05). Dry matter digestibility in all of investigated times were constant by incubation of treatments containing pomegranate peel extract in specific rumen fungi medium. According to the results, processing of broiler litter with pomegranate peel extract up to 25 percent of dry matter has potential to improve nitrogen metabolism in ruminants without any negative effects on nutrients digestibility.
Mohammad Reza Rezvani; Masoud Arab; Ogholbakht Kami
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 359-369
Abstract
This research was carried out in order to investigate the effect of peppermint, thyme and tarragon essential oils on the performance and antibody titer of broilers. In this experiment, a total number of 240 Cobb 500 broiler chickens were used in a completely randomized design with eight treatment groups. ...
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This research was carried out in order to investigate the effect of peppermint, thyme and tarragon essential oils on the performance and antibody titer of broilers. In this experiment, a total number of 240 Cobb 500 broiler chickens were used in a completely randomized design with eight treatment groups. Each treatment was replicated five times with six birds per replicate. Dietary treatments included; control, 200 mg/kg virginiamycin antibiotic, 150 and 200 mg/kg peppermint, thyme and tarragon essential oils. Chickens fed diets supplemented with antibiotic and 200 mg/kg thyme essential oil had significantly higher daily weight gain in comparison to control diet at the period of 21-42 days and 1- 42 days. Feed conversion ratio in birds fed the diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg peppermint essential oil and antibiotic was significantly improved in comparison to control diet. The highest ileum length and the best antibody titer against bronchitis and Gumboro in 42 days old chickens were recorded in150 mg/kg tarragon essential oil, 200 and 150 mg/kg peppermint essential oils, respectively. Therefore, it is recommended to supplement 200 mg/kg peppermint or thyme essential oils instead of dietary antibiotics in order to improve performance and antibody titer in broilers.
Amin Rahimi; Farhang Fatehi; Abolfazl Zali
Volume 23, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 375-385
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementing of condensed molasses soluble (Vinasse) in heat stressed mid-lactating Holstein cows on milk yield and composition, apparent nutrient digestibility and economical parameters. The experiment was performed by 84 Holstein ...
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The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementing of condensed molasses soluble (Vinasse) in heat stressed mid-lactating Holstein cows on milk yield and composition, apparent nutrient digestibility and economical parameters. The experiment was performed by 84 Holstein lactating dairy cows (DIM: 155±25; MY: 32±3) in a completely randomized design with three treatments 1) basal diet without vinous (control), 2) diet containing 5% of vinasse (2.2 kg/head/day) and 3) diet containing 10% 0f vinasse (4.4 kg/head/day). The study was conducted in the summer season with a temperature -humidity index of 75.1. The experiment lasted for 25 days (15 days for adaptation and 10 days for sampling). Dry matter intake of the treatment fed a 10% vinasse supplemented diet was higher than the other treatments (P<0.05). Dry matter and NDF digestibility coefficients were increased by increasing the level of vinasse in the diets, compared to the control (P<0.05). The economical index of income over feed cost was the highest for the diet containing 5% of vinasse. Totally, regarding to the chemical composition of the vinasse and its beneficial impacts on the performance of the cows under heat stress, using 5% of dry matter vinasse supplementation (2.2 kg wet weight/day or 1.1 kg dry matter/day) can improve nutrient digestibility and reduce feed costs without any adverse effects on dry matter intake.
vahid piri; farokh kafilzadeh
Volume 22, Issue 3 , September 2020, , Pages 379-389
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of treating ground barley grain with lactic acid (LA) in starter diets on feed intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility, skeletal growth, and blood metabolites of pre-weaneddairy calves. Thirty male Holstein calves with average ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of treating ground barley grain with lactic acid (LA) in starter diets on feed intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility, skeletal growth, and blood metabolites of pre-weaneddairy calves. Thirty male Holstein calves with average initial body weight of 45.06±2.25 were randomly allocated to one of the 3 treatments. Starter containing 41% ground barley grain from day 4 to 65 of birth. Experimental treatments include: 1) diet containing treated barley in tap water (No LA), 2) diet containing treated barley in 0.5% LA solution, and 3) diet containing treated barley with 1% LA solution. Feed intake was recorded daily. Body weight and skeletal growth measures were recorded on day 4, day 35, and day 56. Calves blood samples were collected on day 4, 35, and 65. Total tract dry matter digestibility and feed efficiency were greater in calves fed diet containing lactic acid treated barley (p < /em> ≤0.05). No effects on dry matter intake, average daily gain, and blood metabolites was observed. At day 35 of the experiment the withers height and body length were greater in calves received LA-treated barely (p < /em> ≤0.05). It seems that treating barley grain with lactic acid decreased starch digestion in the rumen and increased starch flow to the small intestine; accordingly, feed efficiency was improved. Using higher levels of lactic acid may have a positive effect on calf performance.
Sakineh Dehghan; Amir Mousaie; OmidAli Esmaeilipour; Arsalan Barazandeh
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, , Pages 411-424
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of feeding zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) supplementation on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters and some blood metabolites, an experiment was conducted on fifteen Kermani male lambs with average initial body weight of 32.1 ± ...
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In order to investigate the effect of feeding zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) supplementation on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters and some blood metabolites, an experiment was conducted on fifteen Kermani male lambs with average initial body weight of 32.1 ± 0.88 kg as a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 5 replicates for 8 weeks. The experimental treatments were basal diet without supplemental Zn (Control), basal diet plus 50 mg Zn/kg diet of Zn-Met, and basal diet supplemented with 100 mg Zn/kg diet of Zn-Met. The results showed that lambs fed with 100 mg/kg diet of Zn supplementation had lower feed intake than the other treatments (P<0.01). Lambs received 50 mg Zn /kg of diet had higher average daily gain than those on control diet (P<0.05). Lambs fed with Zn supplementation (50 or 100 mg/kg) had better feed conversion ratio than the control group (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was higher in lambs fed 50 mg/kg of Zn supplementation than those of the control (P<0.05). However, no difference in fat and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility was observed between treatments. Additionally, feeding Zn-Met supplementation diet had no significant effect on pH and ammonia nitrogen of ruminal fluidas well as serum glucose, total protein, triglyceride and urea concentrations of lambs. According to these results, feeding 50 mg/kg diet of Zn supplemented increases feed nutrients digestibility and compared with 100 mg of the supplement, has better effects on growth performance of fattening lambs.
Morteza Pashaei jalal; Anahita Bahrami babaali; Fatemeh Tabandeh; Seyed Davood Sharifi
Volume 25, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 429-443
Abstract
Effect of different sources of probiotic and prebiotic on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal microflora, and blood metabolites using 720 Ross 308 commercial male broiler chickens in a 3×3 factorial experiment with three levels of probiotic (without probiotic, probiotic type ...
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Effect of different sources of probiotic and prebiotic on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal microflora, and blood metabolites using 720 Ross 308 commercial male broiler chickens in a 3×3 factorial experiment with three levels of probiotic (without probiotic, probiotic type I and type 2) and three levels of prebiotic (without prebiotic, prebiotic type 1 and type II), in a completely randomized design with nine experimental groups (four replications and 20 birds were studied in each replication. Birds that were fed with diets containing type 2 probiotics had a lower conversion factor (P<0.05). Diets containing prebiotic type 1 as well as diets containing probiotic type II and diets containing probiotic type II and two prebiotics under test reduced serum cholesterol and LDL concentrations (P < 0.05). The effect of the experimental treatments on carcass fat was not significant, but the birds fed diets containing prebiotic type 1 had less abdominal fat (P<0.05). At 21 days old, the population of ٍ E. coli in the ileum and ceca of birds that received probiotics, prebiotics, and their combinations decreased (P < 0.05). At 38 days of age, feeding the birds with probiotics and prebiotics and a combination of them reduced the population of E. coli in the ceca and increased lactobacillus in the ileum (P < 0.05). The results of this experiment showed that probiotics or prebiotics assayed in this study have positive effects on the increase of beneficial intestinal bacteria (Acid lactic bacteria), blood biochemical traits, and FCR in broiler chickens.
Zahra Aminifard; Ali kiani; Arash Azarfar
Volume 24, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 441-452
Abstract
In this study, nutritional and digestibility value of tomato pomace before (TP) and after oil extraction (DTP) were measured. Lycopene content of TP and its rumen disappearance rate was determined. In a completely randomized design, gas production content of TP and DTP was measured in vitro. Ruminal ...
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In this study, nutritional and digestibility value of tomato pomace before (TP) and after oil extraction (DTP) were measured. Lycopene content of TP and its rumen disappearance rate was determined. In a completely randomized design, gas production content of TP and DTP was measured in vitro. Ruminal disappearance of dry matter and lycopene of TP were determined at 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation using fistula cows. Ruminal degradability parameters including rapidly degraded fraction (a), slowly degraded fraction (b), fractional rate of degradation (c), potential of degradability (PD) and effective degradability (ED) were estimated. Results showed that lycopene content of TP was 168 mg/kg DM. DTP contained higher crude protein, NDF, and ADF than TP. De-oiled TP showed higher gas production, digestibility of organic matter and short-chain fatty acids and lower N-ammonia as compared to TP. The values for a, b, c, PD and ED for dry matter were 57.1, 0.07, 66.4 and 49.3% and for lycopene were 3.87, 42.1, 0.076, 45.9 and 34.1, respectively. In conclusion, ruminal degradability of lycopene was about 30% meaning that about than 70% of lycopene by-passes the rumen. Moreover, de-oiled tomato pomace has reasonable nutritive values to be used in ruminant nutrition.
Behrouz Yarahmadi; Morteza Chaji; Mohammad Boujarpour; Khalil Mirzadeh; Morteza Rezaei
Volume 18, Issue 3 , October 2016, , Pages 447-459
Abstract
This experiment was carried out the aim of the effect of sainfoin forage and forage:concentrate ratios on feed intake, nitrogen balance,ruminal biohydrogenation and milk fatty acid profile in dairy ewes using of eight Lori breed ewes according to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments ...
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This experiment was carried out the aim of the effect of sainfoin forage and forage:concentrate ratios on feed intake, nitrogen balance,ruminal biohydrogenation and milk fatty acid profile in dairy ewes using of eight Lori breed ewes according to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were adjusted from one to four according to forage:concentrate ratios of 35:65 with and without sainfoin and 65:35 with and without sainfoin. Dry matter intake was not significant among experimental diets. Retention of N was higher in ewes that receiveddiets consist of forage:concentrate ratios of 35:65 with sainfoin and 65:35 with and without sainfoin (P<0.05). The high concentrate diet with sainfoinwas the most vaccenic acid concentration accompanied by the less concentrations of stearic acid in ruminal liquor (P<0.05). Apparently biohydrogenation ofhigh concentrate diet with sainfoin (treatment one) decreased for oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid with 10.2, 12.3and 7.1%, respectively (P<0.05). Experimental diets effect were significant on vaccenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acidconcentrationsin milk fat (P<0.05).In base onobtained the results,feeding of dairy ewes with high concentrate diets consist of sainfoin forage were an important due to increased conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid concentration in milk fat.
Yaghob Nozari; Morteza Chaji
Volume 21, Issue 4 , January 2020, , Pages 475-485
Abstract
The aim of the present experiment was to determine the effect of using the vitex agnus-castus (vitex) leaves as an alternative for alfalfa hay in the diet of fattening male goat kids on the performance, ruminal fermentation, digestibility of the nutrients and some blood parameters. The experimental ...
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The aim of the present experiment was to determine the effect of using the vitex agnus-castus (vitex) leaves as an alternative for alfalfa hay in the diet of fattening male goat kids on the performance, ruminal fermentation, digestibility of the nutrients and some blood parameters. The experimental treatments were 1) control (without vitex) and 2) replacement of vitex leaves with 60% alfalfa hay in the control diet(equal to 18% of diet). Sixteen fattening male goat kids with the average weights of 18 ± 2 kg and ages of 4.5 months were randomly assigned to the two treatments and eight replications for 60 days. Feed consumption, weight changes and feed conversion ratio were measured every 15 days. Dry matter intake, digestibility of nutrients, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not affected by theexperimental treatments in the entire experiment period. Compared to the control diet, concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (P =0.08) and cholesterol (P =0.07) tend to decrease whereas blood glucose concentration (P=0.08) tend to increase in the kids fed with the diet containing vitex leaves. Ammonia nitrogen concentration and pH of the rumen liquor in treatment containing vitex leaves were significantly lower compared to the control group (P <0.05). Consequently, the vitex leaves can be used up to 18% of diet in the feeding of fattening male goat kids as an appropriate replacement for 60% of alfalfa hay without having the negative effects on their digestion and performance.
Reza Salahi Moghaddam; Mohammad Hossein Shahir
Volume 23, Issue 4 , January 2022, , Pages 535-548
Abstract
In order to evaluate the response of broiler chicks to different levels of dietary ideal protein (Ross 308 strain recommendation and 10% less) and digestible valine to lysine ratio (71, 74, 77, 80, and 83%) in the starter period (one to 10 days of age), a study was performed using 500-day-old male broilers ...
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In order to evaluate the response of broiler chicks to different levels of dietary ideal protein (Ross 308 strain recommendation and 10% less) and digestible valine to lysine ratio (71, 74, 77, 80, and 83%) in the starter period (one to 10 days of age), a study was performed using 500-day-old male broilers in a 2×5 factorial arrangements based on a completely randomized design including 10 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that reducing dietary ideal protein level increased body weight, feed intake and improved feed conversion ratio (P<0.01). The percentage of bone ash and calcium content also increased significantly with decreasing dietary ideal protein (P <0.05). The reduction of the dietary ideal protein level decreased the concentrations of serum cholesterol, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium, and phosphorus (P<0.05). The highest average body weight at 10 day of age, weight gain, carcass and breast percentages and the lowest feed conversion ratio were observed at 74% of digestible valine to lysine ratio (P<0.05); while the highest average feed intake, thigh percentage, bone ash and calcium percentage were obtained at 77% of digestible valine to lysine ratio (P<0.05). No significant interaction was observed between the two experimental factors except for the carcass percentage traits (P<0.05) and serum phosphorus concentration (P<0.01). In conclusion, based on the results of this study, a 10% reduction in dietary ideal protein levels is possible by maintaining ideal ratios of essential amino acids. The proper ratio of digestible valine to lysine is recommended to be 74% based on performance indices and carcass traits, and 77% based on bone traits.
Seyyed Ahmad Hosseini; Mohammad Hassan Fathi Nasri; Homayoon farhangfar; masood didarkhah
Volume 22, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 560-569
Abstract
In this study, the nutritional value of four camel rangeland plants, including Alhaghi Sp (AS), Haloxylon persicum (HP), Seidlitzia rosmarinous (SR) and Tamarix Gallica (TG) in different phenological growth stages including vegetating, flowering and seeding were evaluated. Rangeland species were ...
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In this study, the nutritional value of four camel rangeland plants, including Alhaghi Sp (AS), Haloxylon persicum (HP), Seidlitzia rosmarinous (SR) and Tamarix Gallica (TG) in different phenological growth stages including vegetating, flowering and seeding were evaluated. Rangeland species were randomly sampled and their chemical composition were measured. Rumen digestibility of dry matter was assessed using a fistulated camel. The results showed that the amount of crude protein of AS and SR was higher than that of other species, Also, the lowest levels of natural detergent fibers, acid detergent fibers and tannins were observed in SR (P <0/05). Slowly degradable fraction, degradation rate and effective degradability of SR was significantly higher than other species (P <0/05). Results of this study showed that SR was better than other rangeland species due to its high crude protein content and lower acid detergent fiber and phenolic compounds, so it was used instead of alfalfa at three levels of zero, 50 and %100 in camel’s diet. Feeding SR did not affect milk yield and its components including fat, lactose and total solids. Dry matter intake of dairy camels decreased with increasing of SR in diet, but milk protein and urea nitrogen increased (P <0/05). The results of this study indicated that replacement of alfalfa hay with SR in feeding dairy camels while maintaining camel production performance, reduce the cost of feeding camel and made it more economical to rear this valuable livestock.
Razieh Valipourian; farid shariatmadari; Mihammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
Volume 20, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 565-576
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of garlic and thyme’s medicinal plants essential oils blend as a feed additive following feed restriction on growth performance, relative growth rate and ileal microbial population of broiler chickens. This study was conducted using 336 one-day old ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of garlic and thyme’s medicinal plants essential oils blend as a feed additive following feed restriction on growth performance, relative growth rate and ileal microbial population of broiler chickens. This study was conducted using 336 one-day old chickens (Ross 308) as a factorial experiment (2×3) in a completely randomized design in six treatments with four replications and 14 birds per each replicate . The factors included two levels of feed restriction (without feed restriction and %10 feed restrictions) and three types of growth promoter additives (none-additive, blend of essential oils and antibiotic). The results showed that the body weight in 18 days of age was significantly affected by feed restriction (P <0.05). Feed restriction, feed additive and interaction between them did not affect the performance parameters. The addition of EO resulted in significant reduction in mortality rate (P <0.05). Feed costs for one kg of body weight were not affected by experimental treatments. Under the feed restriction, the population of E. coli and the total aerobic bacteria in ileum significantly reduced at 18 days of age (P <0.05). At 42 days of age, the addition of EO resulted in a significant reduction in E.coli, total aerobic bacteria count and increasing Lactobacillus counts (P <0.05). As a general conclusion, use of EO in feeding chicks faced with feed restriction could significantly increase the compensatory growth and might reduce the mortality and improve the ileal microbial population as well.
Shahab payandeh
Volume 19, Issue 3 , November 2017, , Pages 585-599
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of commercial bacterial probiotic on milk yield and composition, blood metabolites andenzyme activities in lactating ewes based on a completely randomized design (two treatments and eight replicateseach). The ewes were kept in the individual pens and fed ...
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This study was conducted to determine the effect of commercial bacterial probiotic on milk yield and composition, blood metabolites andenzyme activities in lactating ewes based on a completely randomized design (two treatments and eight replicateseach). The ewes were kept in the individual pens and fed a diet based on alfalfa hay (60%) and concentrates (40%) with or without probiotic. Milk production of the individual ewes was measured and sampled weekly for 12 weeks and blood samples were obtained at four, eight and 12 weeks of lactation before and six hours after feeding. Data were analyzed by repeated measurements procedure. No significant differences were observed due to the addition of probiotic in milk production and chemical composition, but it was changed pattern of milk production during lactation period. The probiotic increased (P<0.01) alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities both before and after feeding at four, eight and eight, 12 weeks, respectively. Aspartate transaminase activity was also higher before feeding at eight week (P<0.05) and before and after feeding at 12 week (P<0.01) in experimental treatment. Overall, the probiotic has no significant effect on the production and chemical composition of milk of ewes, but could change the pattern of milk production and some parameters of blood plasma in Mehraban ewes during lactation period.
ali javanrouh aliabad; Ali akbar masoudi; alireza ehsani
Volume 18, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 697-709
Abstract
In order to identify loci and genes associated with meat quality traits, genome-wide association study (GWAS) were conducted in a F2 population derived from a reciprocal cross between Azerbaijan native chickens and Aryan broiler line by using Illumnia 60 K Chicken SNP Bead chip. For each bird, a total ...
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In order to identify loci and genes associated with meat quality traits, genome-wide association study (GWAS) were conducted in a F2 population derived from a reciprocal cross between Azerbaijan native chickens and Aryan broiler line by using Illumnia 60 K Chicken SNP Bead chip. For each bird, a total 6 traits including water holding capacity, meat color lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), shear force and ultimate pH were measured. The SNPs that were associated with meat quality traits were identified using both GLM and compressed mixed linear models (CMLM). A total of 36 SNPs were associated with meat quality traits in the genome–wide significance and suggestive levels, that 3 SNPs were significantly associated with meat color yellowness through CMLM model and 18 SNPs were suggestively associated with meat color yellowness, ultimate pH, water holding capacity and shear force through GLM model. The identified candidate genes have molecular functions related to meat quality traits. So, these candidate genes can be applied in the chicken breeding scheme.