Volume 18, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 801-810
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with hempseed meal in diet on performance, egg quality and blood parameters in laying hens. A total of 200 Hy-line 102 wks laying hens were randomly allotted to 25 cages in 5 dietary treatments with 5 replicates (8 birds each ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with hempseed meal in diet on performance, egg quality and blood parameters in laying hens. A total of 200 Hy-line 102 wks laying hens were randomly allotted to 25 cages in 5 dietary treatments with 5 replicates (8 birds each replicate). This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments involved different ratio of soybean meal to hempseed meal protein source including 1) ratio of 100: 0 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal (control); 2) ratio of 75: 25 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal; 3) ratio of 50: 50 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal; 4) ratio of 25: 75 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal; and 5) ratio of 0: 100 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal. Egg production, egg mean weight and feed intake in the birds fed diet contained ratio of 0: 100 protein of soybean meal to hempseed meal were higher than control diet (P<0.05). Albumin height (Haugh unit), yolk color index, yolk weight percentage and shell weight percentage were ameliorated when hens fed diets the highest protein ratio of hempseed meal compared with the control group. Using hempseed meal in diets decreased (P<0.05) the cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein with low density as compared with the control group. It can be concluded that replacing of 75 % and 100% of hempseed meal to soybean meal may improve the performance, egg quality of post molting layer and decrease the serum LDL and cholesterol of laying hens.
Elham Sarbaz; Bahman navidshad; Farzad Mirzaei Aghjegheshlagh
Volume 18, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 811-820
Abstract
The effect of peanut pod as insoluble fiber source in diets on growth performance, small intestine morphology and nutrient digestibility of broilers was evaluated. This study was conducted using 320 Ross-308 broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with four treatments diets (containing 0 (control), ...
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The effect of peanut pod as insoluble fiber source in diets on growth performance, small intestine morphology and nutrient digestibility of broilers was evaluated. This study was conducted using 320 Ross-308 broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with four treatments diets (containing 0 (control), 2.5, five or 7.5 percent peanut pod), with five replicates and 16 birds in each from 11 to 42 days of age. At the growth phase (11 to 24 d) dietary peanut pod decreased feed intake and feed conversion ratio, however, the birds that fed the diet containing 7.5 percent had higher daily weight gain (P<0.05). Peanut pod improved the digestibility coefficients of dry matter and ether extract and the diets containing 2.5 or 5.0 percent peanut pod had more organic matter digestibility than the control diet (P<0.05) Chicks that fed the diets containing 5.0 or 7.5 percent peanut pod, the villous was (P<0.05) longer than control birds. The results of present study suggest that using peanut pod up to 7.5 percent of diet did not adversely affect chickens growth performance and can improve feed conversion ratio at the grower phase.
Volume 18, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 821-830
Abstract
An experiment was conducted with 600 one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) to investigate the effects of Dillaqueous extracts (Anethum graveolens) on blood and growth performance in broiler during a 42-days period. The chickens were divided to four treatments (0, 5, 10 and 20 ml of dill aqueous extracts ...
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An experiment was conducted with 600 one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) to investigate the effects of Dillaqueous extracts (Anethum graveolens) on blood and growth performance in broiler during a 42-days period. The chickens were divided to four treatments (0, 5, 10 and 20 ml of dill aqueous extracts in drinking water) of five replicates each. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured. At the end of the experiment (day 42), 2 chickens from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered. The heart was removed; weights of right and left ventricles were determined separately and ascetic index was calculated. Plasma activity of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant status (TAS) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of plasma were determined. Results showed that 5ml dill aqueous extracts, significantly increased the body weight and reduced the ascetic index, mortality due to ascites and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Dill aqueous extracts reduced the plasma glucose level (P<0.05). Dill aqueous extracts at 10 and 20 ml, reduced the plasma triglyceride, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and increased the plasma HDL (P<0.05). Antioxidant parameters were not significantly affected by treatments. It was concluded that, 5 ml of aqueous extracts of dill could improve the growth performance and reduce the mortality due to ascites in broilers.
Mohammad Heidarian; JAvad Bayad Koohsar; Youssef Moostafloo; Balal Sadeghi; Farid Moslemipoor
Volume 18, Issue 3 , October 2016, , Pages 461-475
Abstract
In order to compare the effects of different weaning strategies on feed intake, structural growth measurement and health, blood metabolites and economic efficiency of young dairy calves, twenty four female Holstein calves were used. Calves after birth were randomly assigned into one of three weaning ...
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In order to compare the effects of different weaning strategies on feed intake, structural growth measurement and health, blood metabolites and economic efficiency of young dairy calves, twenty four female Holstein calves were used. Calves after birth were randomly assigned into one of three weaning strategy as follow: 1) weaning based on feed intake, 2) weaning based on weight gain (30 kg weight gain compared to the birth weight), and 3) weaning based on age (at 90 days of age). Starter intake measurement and fecal scoring conducted daily. Calves were weighed weekly and blood samples were obtained on days 21, 42, 60 and 90 after birth. Results showed that there were significant differences among different weaning strategies on average weaning age and milk consumption (p<0.05). All treatments had similar average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, final weight and structural growth measurements. Calves weaned based on feed intake had lowest ruminal pH and N-NH3 concentration and blood urea nitrogen on day 90 (p<0.05). There were differences between groups on milk cost and total cost (milk + feed) and feed cost per kg of BW gain, so that Weaning based of feed intake compared to weaning based on weight and age saved up to 6000 and 3000 Rials per kg of body weight, respectively. Generally, similar growth and performance among different weaning strategies as well as reduction the cost of raising of calves indicated that calves weaning based on feed intake can be profitable approach.
Ali Akbar Salari; Ahmad Hassanabadi; Hassan Nassiri Moghaddam; Gholamali Kalidari
Volume 18, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 323-334
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of hydrochloric and butyric acids addition to broiler diets on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbial population and intestinal histology. Two hundred eighty Ross 308 one-day old female broiler chicks were assigned to 7 dietary treatments ...
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The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of hydrochloric and butyric acids addition to broiler diets on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbial population and intestinal histology. Two hundred eighty Ross 308 one-day old female broiler chicks were assigned to 7 dietary treatments and 4 replicates of 10 chicks in a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments consisted of dietary addition of 2 levels of hydrochloric acid (1.5 and 3 percent), 2 levels of butyric acid (0.2 and 0.4 percent) and 2 levels of the acids mixture (1.5 + 0.4 and 3 + 0.2 percent) and a treatment with no acid supplementation as control group. Dietary hydrochloric and butyric acids during grower period decreased average body weight, significantly (P<0.05) in compare to control group. Supplemented acids, decreased feed intake and increased feed conversion ratio in the grower period in compare to control group, significantly (P<0.05). Acid treatments had no significant effect on carcass characteristics, microbial count of ileum and histology of the small intestine of broiler chickens in compare to control group. It could be concluded that using of hydrochloric and butyric acids in broiler diets have no positive effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics and morphology of the small intestine of broiler chickens.
Hassan Fazaeli; Alireza Aghshahi; Abdorreza Taimouri; Mohammad Khaki
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 51-60
Abstract
In order to study the effect of dietary physical form on the fattening performance of Holstein male calves, an experiment was conducted in Animal Science Research Institute of Iran in 2011. The experimental diets were formulated and prepared with two physical forms including total mixed ration (TMR) ...
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In order to study the effect of dietary physical form on the fattening performance of Holstein male calves, an experiment was conducted in Animal Science Research Institute of Iran in 2011. The experimental diets were formulated and prepared with two physical forms including total mixed ration (TMR) and densified complete feed block (DCFB). In a completely randomized block design, with two treatments and four blocks (initial weight of the animals), 24 Holstein male calves were fed with either of the TMR or DCFB rations. During a five month feeding trial, the animals fed ad-libitum where feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were recorded. The average feed intake were 8.1 and 8.4 kg for TMR and DCFB that were significantly (P<0.05) different between the treatments. The initial body weights were respectively 226 and 221 kg for the animals received TMR and DCFB, but the final weights were 361 and 373 kg, respectively that was higher (P<0.05) for the animals received DCFB. The average daily gain were 901 and 1016 g for TMR and DCFB respectively, which were significantly different (P<0.05) between the treatments. Feed conversion ratio were 9.0 and 8.3 for TMR and DCFB respectively that was significantly (P<0.05) lower in DCFB treatment. It is concluded that utilization of complete feed block improved feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in fattening calves.
Omid Afsarian; Mohamad Hosein Shahir; Hoshang Lotpholahian; Abdolah Hoseini; Naser Mousavi; Amir Akhlaghi
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 61-73
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of thyroxin in ovo injection and post hatch arginine feed supplementation on performance and cold tolerance acquisition in broilers. In experiment 1, a total of 2400 hatchings eggs were randomly assigned to four treatments: Positive controls (intact ...
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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of thyroxin in ovo injection and post hatch arginine feed supplementation on performance and cold tolerance acquisition in broilers. In experiment 1, a total of 2400 hatchings eggs were randomly assigned to four treatments: Positive controls (intact or pricked with a needle), Negative control (intact egg), injected with distilled water and injected with thyroxin. In experiment 2, a total of 240 day old male broiler chicks from the intact and injected with thyroxin treatment groups were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial trial based on completely randomized design, with two level of injection (non-injection or injected with 65ng of thyroxin) and two type of diet (without Arginine or 5 kg/ton Arginine). In order to induce ascites in chicks, all of the chicks were exposed to 15°C from 14 to 42 d of age. The results showed that the second grade chicks and yolk sac weight were decreased (P<0.05) in thyroxine by in ovo injection. Ascites mortality rate, packed cell volume percent and red blood cell count were decreased (P<0.05) by thyroxine injection and arginine supplementation. In conclusion, these results show that in ovo injection of thyroxin and arginine feed supplementation improves the performance during exposure to cold environments.
Ali Reza Amouyan Khaveh; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; Farid Shariatmadari
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 85-94
Abstract
Effect of intermittent mash-pellet feeding programs on broilers performance, ascites susceptibility and economic yield was studied using 480 broilers in six treatments and five replicates of 16 chicks per pen were used in a completely randomized design. Treatments including: 1. Mash feed, 2. Heated-mash ...
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Effect of intermittent mash-pellet feeding programs on broilers performance, ascites susceptibility and economic yield was studied using 480 broilers in six treatments and five replicates of 16 chicks per pen were used in a completely randomized design. Treatments including: 1. Mash feed, 2. Heated-mash feed, 3. Mash feed in starter and grower and pellet feed in finisher, 4. Mash feed in starter and pellet feed in grower and finisher, 5. Pellet feed, 6. Grinded-pellet feed. Pellet feeding increased the feed intake and body weight gain and improved the feed conversion ratio, although the ascites susceptibility increased (P<0.01). Mash feeds decreased the body weight gain and increased the feed conversion ratio (P<0.01). Feeding pellet in finisher resulted in the same feed conversion ratio with feeding pellet for whole period or grower and finisher periods, however feed conversion ratio in pellet fed birds was better than mash fed birds (P<0.01). Feeding pellet for whole period is necessary to obtain maximum feed intake and body weight gain. Feeding mash feed in the first four weeks or whole period reduced the ascites susceptibility (P<0.01). The ascites susceptibility increased by increase in pellet feeding length (P<0.01). Feeding pellet diets reduced the feed cost for a kg live weight production and the increased gross profit compared to mash diets (P<0.05). In order to use the benefits of pellet feed and avoid high mortality rates and ascites susceptibility, it is recommended to start with mash feed and fed pellet in growing and finisher periods.
Mohammad Hossein Palizdar; Mohammadreza Pourelmi; Hamidreza Mohammadian-Tabrizi; Zahra Sepehr
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 95-106
Abstract
Effect of GLOBACID® acidifier in different stocking densities on performance and blood metabolites was examined using 576 one-day broiler chickens Ross 308 in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and four replications for each treatment through a (3 × 2) factorial arrangement with ...
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Effect of GLOBACID® acidifier in different stocking densities on performance and blood metabolites was examined using 576 one-day broiler chickens Ross 308 in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and four replications for each treatment through a (3 × 2) factorial arrangement with three levels of stocking densities (14, 16 and 18 chicks per square meter) and two levels of GLOBACID® acidifier (zero and one kg per each ton of feed). The lowest feed intake was seen in 18 stoking density treatment which fed one kg of acidifier in the ration and this treatment was significantly different with other treatments (P<0.05). Feed intake was significantly lower in broilers which received acidifier compared with others that did not receive acidifier (P<0.05). Increasing the density from 14 to 18 birds per square meter increased feed conversion ratio (P<0.01). Birds that received acidifier had lower feed conversion ratio than others (P<0.05). Feeding diets containing acidifier lead to a reduction in glucose and antibody titers against SRBC and an increase in cholesterol and triglyceride in broilers blood plasma (P<0.05). The interaction between stocking densities and acidifier on body weight and blood metabolites was not significant. Therefore, using acidifiers in high stocking densities have some advantageous in broiler performance.
Zahra Amiri Ghanatsaman; Omidali Esmaeilipour; Rouhollah Mirmahmoudi; Mozhgan Mazhari
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 119-128
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Mentha piperita (PP) and Melissa officinalis (MP)powder on performance, apparent digestibility of fat and protein and blood parametersof broiler chicks subjected to heat stress. 200-day-old male Ross broiler chicks were assigned to a completely randomized ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Mentha piperita (PP) and Melissa officinalis (MP)powder on performance, apparent digestibility of fat and protein and blood parametersof broiler chicks subjected to heat stress. 200-day-old male Ross broiler chicks were assigned to a completely randomized design with five dietary treatments and four replicates. The experimental treatments were: 1. Control group (diet without feed additive), 2. Diet supplemented with 0.5 percent PP, 3. Diet supplemented with 1 percent PP, 4. Diet supplemented with 0.2 percent MP and 5. Group supplemented with 0.4 percent MP. The experimental diets were offered to the chicks from 25 to 42 day of age. During the experiment, the birds were kept at 34°C ± 2 for 8 hours (9.00 to 17.00). The diets supplemented by Mentha piperita and Melissa officinalis powder had not significant effect on feed intake, but higher body weight gain (BWG) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) observed in the birds fed diet supplemented with one percent of PP. Apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fat were not affected by the dietary treatments, but the digestibility of protein was increased (P<0.05) in birds fed on diet supplemented with one percent of PP. Dietaryinclusion of PP and MP had no effect on blood parameters. It could be concluded that addition of PP at the level of one percent of broilers diets during heat stress, improve protein digestibility and growth performance.
Yousef Golmohammadi; Ali Nobakht
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 129-140
Abstract
For determination the effect of lemon pulp levels and organic acid premix (globacid) on performance, carcass traits,immune system, biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology of broilers, 288 Ross broilers were used in 3×2 factorial arrangement with three levels of lemon pulp (0, 1.5 and 3 ...
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For determination the effect of lemon pulp levels and organic acid premix (globacid) on performance, carcass traits,immune system, biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology of broilers, 288 Ross broilers were used in 3×2 factorial arrangement with three levels of lemon pulp (0, 1.5 and 3 percent) and two levels of globacid (0 and 0.1 percent) in a completely randomized design with six treatments, four replicates and 12 birds per each replicate from 10 to 42 days of age. Feeding birds with diets cantaining lemon pulp and organic acid premix increased the amount of weight gain and final live weight (P<0.05). Lemon pulp and organic acid had not effect on carcass traits, whereas the thigh percentage increased in bidrs fed on diet containing lemon pulp (P<0.05). Using three percent lemon pulp and lemon pulp with organic acid premix increased cripts depth of jejenum (P<0.05). Dietary lemon pulp and organic acids had not significant effects on immune level and biochemical parameters. It could be concluded that using lemon pulp up to 3 and 0.1 percent organicof acid improve performance, carcass traits and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks
Elahe Rezaei; Saleh Tabatabaei Vakili; Khalil Mirzadeh; Somayeh Sallary; Mehdi Zarei
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 151-160
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of anise seed on the performance, immune system, antioxidant activity and blood estrogen level of broiler chicks. A total of 192 day -old Ross 308 broilers were trained for 42 days in a completely randomized design with four treatments, ...
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This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of anise seed on the performance, immune system, antioxidant activity and blood estrogen level of broiler chicks. A total of 192 day -old Ross 308 broilers were trained for 42 days in a completely randomized design with four treatments, four replicates and 12 birds per each replicate. Treatments were included the levels of zero (control(, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 percent of anise seed in diet. SRBC was injected at day 28 and blood samples were collected from chickens at days 35 and 42 of rearing. Dietary anise supplementation had no positive effect on feed intake and weight gain of broilers. In starter period, the chicks fed by 0.3 percent of anise seed, had the least feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). However, anise seed levels had no positive effects on feed conversion ratio in grower and total rearing period. Anise seed caused the higher antibody titer against SRBC in day 35 of rearing (P<0.05). The cellular immunity did not improve by anise seed levels in broilers. The 0.3 percent of anise seed, caused the higher total antioxidant capacity of blood plasma than control chicks (P<0.05). The blood serum estrogen level was reduced in 0.3 and 0.6 percent, but increased in 0.9 percent of anise seed (P<0.05). Generally, however the anise seed dose not improves performance traits and cellular immunity of broilers, but increse the primary humeral immunity and total antioxidant capacity of chicken.
Mina Smaeili; Seyed Reza Hashemi; Darioush Davoodi; Yousef Jafari Ahangari; Saeed Hassani; Niloofar Bolandi; Akram Shabani
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2016, , Pages 161-171
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite on performance traits, liver enzymes and blood lipid concentrations to use 375 Cobb 500 broiler chickens in completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates and 15 birds to each ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite on performance traits, liver enzymes and blood lipid concentrations to use 375 Cobb 500 broiler chickens in completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates and 15 birds to each replicate. The use of silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite improved feed conversion ratio compared with the control treatment (P<0.05). Dietary treatments had no significant effect on the feed intakes and weight gain (P>0.05). The use of silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite decreased alkaline phosphatase and alanine amino transferase level in serum (P<0.05). Silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite be can decreased cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein concentration and increased high density lipoprotein concentration in broiler chickens (P>0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that silver nanoparticles coated on clinoptilolite can be considered as a growth and health promoters as well as according to the results of liver function enzymes and blood lipids prevent liver damages during rearing period in broiler chickens.
Nasrin Hoseinpour; Mohammad Ali Norouzian; Ahmad Afzalzadeh
Volume 16, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 93-101
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate effect of different sources of copper on gas production parameters and nutrients digestibility in Zandi male lambs. In the first experiment, 18 male lambs (initial body weight 17.53±1.62) divided into three groups and fed one of the three experimental diets ...
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This study was conducted to investigate effect of different sources of copper on gas production parameters and nutrients digestibility in Zandi male lambs. In the first experiment, 18 male lambs (initial body weight 17.53±1.62) divided into three groups and fed one of the three experimental diets for 70 days. Dietary treatments were control (basal diet without copper supplement), basal diet plus 10 ppm copper from sulfate and basal diet plus 10 ppm from proteinate copper. In comparison with control, copper supplementation improved average daily gain and feed conversion ratio, but there was no significant difference among the dietary treatments for dry matter intake. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and acid detergent fiber digestibility was higher for lambs fed with organic copper compared to lambs fed with control and inorganic copper (P<0.01). In the second experiment, an in vitro gas production technique was used to evaluate the effects of copper sources on the amount and rate of gas production, dry matter degradability, utilization of metabolizable energy (ME), and ruminal fermentation patterns using rumen fluid from three lambs as inoculum. Rate of gas production (c) did not differ among the treatments. Asymptotic of gas production (b) was higher for diets containing supplemental copper compared to control. It seems that supplementation of fattening lamb diet with of organic copper could be improved rumen fermentation and performance of lambs.
Farzad Bagherzadeh Kasmani; Samira Omidikia; Hamid Reza Mirzaie; Mehran Mehri
Volume 16, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 103-111
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Salvia mirzayanii supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs and cecal microbial population in broilers. A total of 200, one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were fed five experimental diets containing different ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Salvia mirzayanii supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs and cecal microbial population in broilers. A total of 200, one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were fed five experimental diets containing different levels of S. mirzayanii (zero, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and one percent of diet) until 42 days of age. From 1-21 days of age, birds fed one percent S. mirzayanii) had lower body weight gain and feed intake and higher feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Regarding 22-42 days of age and whole of experiment (1-42), feed conversion ratio in birds fed diet containing 0.5 percent S. mirzayanii significantly (P<0.05) decreased compared with control group. Relative carcass and breast muscle weights of birds fed one percent S. mirzayanii were lower than other groups (P<0.05). Using S. mirzayanii at the levels of 0.25 and 0.5 percent significantly increased cecal lactic acid bacterial population (P<0.05). Feeding with the levels higher than 0.5 percent S. mirzayanii decreased cecal coliforms compared with control group (P<0.05). Based on results of this experiment, using 0.5 percent S. mirzayanii leaf powder in diet of broilers would improve cecal microbial population as well as growth performance.
Morteza Alemi; Firooz Samadi; Saba Samadi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 147-155
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of Artichoke leaf powder and vitamin Eon performance, internal organs relative weight and some blood parameters, 240 day-old quails were assigned to four treatments including, basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with levels of 1.5 and 3 percent of Artichoke ...
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In order to investigate the effects of Artichoke leaf powder and vitamin Eon performance, internal organs relative weight and some blood parameters, 240 day-old quails were assigned to four treatments including, basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with levels of 1.5 and 3 percent of Artichoke leaf powder and basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/Kg diet vitamin E with four replicates and 15 birds in each in a completely randomized design. Birds receiving diet supplemented with vitamin E showed greater body weight gain than other treatments (P<0.05). No significant different was observed in body weight gain between birds receiving diets supplemented with Artichoke leaf powder and those birds received control diet, throughout the experiment. Birds treated with diet containing three percent Artichoke leaf powder had higher feed conversion rate (P<0.05). The concentrations of albumin and HDL were greater in blood serum of birds fed diet containing 1.5 percent Artichoke leaf powder compare to other treatments (P<0.05). According to the results of this study, using Artichoke leaf powder till three percent has no negative effect on feed intake and weight gain throughout the study (1-42 d). Inclusion of 300 mg/kg vitamin E in the diet of Japanese quail improves growth performance during the first three weeks of study.
Parvin Saeedi; Saleh Tabatabaei; Somayeh Sallary; Khalil Mirzadeh; Mehdi Zarei
Volume 16, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 157-166
Abstract
In order to evaluation the effect of Nigella Sativa supplementation on performance, immune response and some of blood parameters, a total of 192 one day old Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomize design with four treatments, four replicates and 12 observations in each replicate. Treatments ...
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In order to evaluation the effect of Nigella Sativa supplementation on performance, immune response and some of blood parameters, a total of 192 one day old Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomize design with four treatments, four replicates and 12 observations in each replicate. Treatments included the increasing levels of zero (control), 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 percent Nigella sativa. In grower and whole period of experiment, the weight of birds received 0.4 and 0.8 percent of Nigella sativa was higher than control group birds (P<0.05). The supplementation of Nigella sativa in diet has not effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratio in starter, grower and total rearing periods. The weights of bursa and thymus in birds received 0.4 and 0.8 percent of Nigella sativa werehigher than control group birds (P<0.05). The weight of liver in birds belong to 0.4 percent of Nigella sativawas higher than control group (P<0.05). Addition of Nigella sativa in dietreduced the glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and increased the HDL in blood serum. The use of Nigella sativa in dietary of birds caused the higher total white blood cells and lower heterophil: lymphocyte ratio. The birds which received 0.4 and 0.8 percent of Nigella sativa had the higher total antioxidant capacity than control group in blood plasma. In conclusion, the use of Nigella sativa up to 0.8 percent in diet, in addition to improvement the performance, increased the immune system activity and total antioxidant capacity in Ross 308 broiler chickens.
Hassan Safari; Ardeshir Mohit; Maziar Mohiti Asli
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 257-267
Abstract
The effect of different levels of dried purslane powder (DPP) in broiler diets on performance, immune response and some of blood factors was studied with 160 one day old chicken Ross 308 in a completely randomized design with four treatments (diets included with levels zero (control), 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ...
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The effect of different levels of dried purslane powder (DPP) in broiler diets on performance, immune response and some of blood factors was studied with 160 one day old chicken Ross 308 in a completely randomized design with four treatments (diets included with levels zero (control), 2.5, 5 and 7.5 percent DPP), four replicates and 10 chicks in each replication. At 22-42 and 1-42 days different level of DPP resulted in a significant increase in the daily body weight gain and daily feed intake. Birds that were fed with five and 7.5 percent of DPP have a better feed conversion ratio compare with the control group (P<0.05). The minimum content of blood cholesterol and triglyceride was observed in birds that were fed with five and 7.5 percent DDP, respectively. DPP did not affect cellular immune response to PHA-P and antibody response to Newcastle vaccine. The total anti-SRBC titer, IgG and IgM in birds were fed with diet containing five percent DDP was significantly higher than compare with the control group on day 35 (P<0.05). The results of this experiment show that adding five percent DPP in broiler diet led to improve performance and also reduced in cholesterol and triglyceride content and improve the humoral immune.
Zahra Norreh; Ali Khatibjoo; Farshid Fattahnia; Mohammad Akbari-Gharaei
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 269-279
Abstract
Effect of L-carnitine and butyric acid on the performance and immune responses of 192 broiler chickens (Ross 308) was investigated with three levels of L-carnitine (zero, 125 and 250 mg/kg) and two levels of butyric acid (2 g/kg) in a 2×3 factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block ...
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Effect of L-carnitine and butyric acid on the performance and immune responses of 192 broiler chickens (Ross 308) was investigated with three levels of L-carnitine (zero, 125 and 250 mg/kg) and two levels of butyric acid (2 g/kg) in a 2×3 factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with 6 dietary treatments, four replicates and eight birds per each. Broilers fed basal diet plus feed additives (L-carnitine and butyric acid) did not have significant differences on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio when compred to control group. Broilers fed diets containing additives had higher blood lymphocyte count than control diet fed birds (P<0.05). Primary IgG tiitter (31d) against SRBC in broilers fed diet containing 125 mg/kg L-carnitine was higher than that of the control birds (P<0.05). Skin thickness in response to PHA in broielrs fed diet containing 250 mg/kg L-carnitine alone and 125 and 250 mg/kg L-carnitine in combination with butyric acid was lower than that of control group (P<0.05). It was concluded that addition of 125 mg/kg L-carnitine and two g/kg butyric acid did not influenced broiler chicken performance while improved their immune response.
Faezeh Abdinezhad; Mehrdad Mohammadi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 281-290
Abstract
Effect of adding Melissa officinalis aqueous extract was studied on immune response and performance in 200 Ross 308 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates and 10 observations per replicate. The amounts of 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 ml/L Lemon balm ...
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Effect of adding Melissa officinalis aqueous extract was studied on immune response and performance in 200 Ross 308 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates and 10 observations per replicate. The amounts of 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 ml/L Lemon balm extract were added in drinking water for 42 days. Humoral immunity was evaluated by injection of 0.1 ml sheep red blood cell (SRBC) 25 percent on days eight and 22 of age and measurement of serum antibody levels produced in response to SRBC on days 21, 28, 35 and 42. Cellular immunity was assessed by injection of phytohemagglutinin intradermally on day 16. The consumption of Lemon balm extract had no effect on daily feed intake and daily body weight gain (P>0.05). The birds that received 1.5 and 2 ml Lemon balm extract in drinking water had lower feed conversion ratio in grower and whole period (P<0.05). The birds that received Lemon balm aqueous extract in drinking water had higher total Anti-SRBC titer than control birds on days 28, 35 and 42 (P<0.05). IgG titer of birds that received Lemon balm extract was higher than control group on day 28 (P<0.05). IgM titer of birds that received 1, 1.5 and 2 ml of Lemon balm extract was higher on days 28 and 35 (P<0.05). It is concluded that inclusion of 1.5 ml Lemon balm extract in drinking water decreased feed conversion ratio and improved humoral immunity in broilers.
Farhad Mohammadi; Farzad Bagherzadeh Kasmani; Kamal Shojaian; Mehran Mehri; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 301-309
Abstract
Effect of adding Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) in diet on performance and immune response of broilers was examined during aflatoxicosis using a total of 192 day-old Ross 308 male chicks in a completely randomized design with four treatments, four replicates and 12 chicks per each replicate. Treatments were ...
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Effect of adding Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) in diet on performance and immune response of broilers was examined during aflatoxicosis using a total of 192 day-old Ross 308 male chicks in a completely randomized design with four treatments, four replicates and 12 chicks per each replicate. Treatments were include: 1. negative control (without additives), 2. positive control (2.5 mg aflatoxin B1/kg), 3. diet containing Hibiscus sabdariffa(10 g HS/kg) and 4. diet contaminated with aflatoxin and containing Hibiscus sabdariffa (2.5 mg AFB1/kg + 10 g HS/kg). Effect of treatments on feed intake was not significant. Weight gain of chicks in positive control treatment was lower than those birds in other treatments (P<0.001). These birds had higher feed conversion ratio (P<0.001). Antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus and sheep red blood cell in birds fed positive control and containing Hibiscus sabdariffa diets were lower and higher than those birds in negative control group, respectively (P<0.001). The least skin thickness after challenging with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was observed in birds fed positive control diet (P<0.001). Relative weight of bursa of Fabricius in chicks fed positive control and Hibiscus sabdariffa diets was lower and higher than that of negative control group, respectively (P<0.001). Based on results of this experiment, supplementation of Hibiscus sabdariffa to aflatoxin contaminated diets could ameliorate the effects of toxin on growth performance and immunity response of broilers.
Seyede Asma Mousavi; Seyed Amir Hossein Mahdavi; Ahmad Riasi; Ali Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 321-333
Abstract
The effects of dietary inclusion of medicinal plants’ by-product mixture on performance, the relative internal organ weight, ileal microbial counts, and small intestinal and liver morphologic alterations in laying hens receiving different omega-6 to omega-3 ratios as a 2×3 factorial arrangements ...
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The effects of dietary inclusion of medicinal plants’ by-product mixture on performance, the relative internal organ weight, ileal microbial counts, and small intestinal and liver morphologic alterations in laying hens receiving different omega-6 to omega-3 ratios as a 2×3 factorial arrangements with three levels of plants’ by-product (zero, 2.5 and five percent) and two omega-6 to omega-3 ratios based on completely randomized design containing six treatments with four replicates of five birds each. Feeding low dietary omega-6 to omega-3 ratio to hens led to a significant increase in the relative spleen weight, the number and diameter of lamina propria lymphoid follicles and middle egg production percentage (P=0.05), and a reduction in the relative liver weight and hepatic fat percentage (P<0.05). Furthermore, dietary inclusion of plants’ by-product mixture improved villi height, the numbers and diameter of lamina propria lymphoid follicles, the number of goblet cells (P<0.05) as well as feed conversion ratio (P=0.08). Hepatic malondialdehyde concentration and ileal Escherichia coli population was decreased (P<0.01) in hens given plants’ by-product mixture. Therefore, our findings indicated that low dietary omega-6 to omega-3 ratio could improve egg production slightly, and administration of five percent of medicinal plants’ by-product mixture as a result of synergistic effect expressions could improve intestinal and hepatic health indices as well as feed conversion ratio in laying hens.
Mohammad Vahid Kimiaeitalab; Shahab Ghazi; Sara Mirzaie Goudarzi
Volume 15, Issue 1 , July 2014, , Pages 11-20
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of various levels of cichorium intybus andcopper on performance and egg yolk cholesterol. Total of 324 layer hens (Hy-Line W-36) were used in arandomized complete blocks with nine treatments, three replications of 12 birds in each from 38 to 50weeks ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of various levels of cichorium intybus andcopper on performance and egg yolk cholesterol. Total of 324 layer hens (Hy-Line W-36) were used in arandomized complete blocks with nine treatments, three replications of 12 birds in each from 38 to 50weeks of age. Experimental diets include control, four levels of copper (150, 200, 250 and 300 mg/kg)and four levels of cichorium intybus (15, 20, 25 and 30 percent of diet). Different levels of cichoriumintybus and copper significantly decreased serum and yolk cholesterol than control. The level of 300mg/kg copper significantly reduced serum and yolk cholesterol but significantly decreased egg weight,egg production and increased feed conversion ratio compared to control. Levels of 25 and 30 percent ofcichorium intybus significantly decreased egg production than control treatment. Yolk color improved bydifferent levels of cichorium intybus than control and copper levels. In conclusion, the best result forlower yolk cholesterol were achieved by those laying hens fed a diet with 150 mg/kg copper of diet or 15percent of cichorium intybus.
Mehdi Dehghani Sanij; Ahmad Afzalzadeh; Kamran Reza Yazdi; Mohammad Ali Norouzian
Volume 16, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 11-20
Abstract
The effect of replacing alfalfa by artichoke hay on nutrient digestibility, gas production parameters, performance and carcass characteristics of Lori-Bakhtiari lambs was studied. The lambs in control group received diet containing 30 percent alfalfa, 15 percent barley straw and 55 percent concentrate ...
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The effect of replacing alfalfa by artichoke hay on nutrient digestibility, gas production parameters, performance and carcass characteristics of Lori-Bakhtiari lambs was studied. The lambs in control group received diet containing 30 percent alfalfa, 15 percent barley straw and 55 percent concentrate and in test group alfalfa hay was replaced with artichoke hay, completely. Dry matter intake was higher for test group lambs (P<0.05), but average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were not differed between experimental groups. Gas production rate was not differed between groups, but b fraction was higher for test group (P<0.05). Replacing alfalfa by artichoke caused to increasing digestibility of dry matter and organic matter (P<0.05). However, control diet had higher digestibility of crude protein and NDF (P<0.05). After slaughter, there were no significant differences between groups in carcass characteristics and percentage of internal organs. Results of this study showed that artichoke hay could be replaced with alfalfa hay in finishing lambs diet.
Mohammad Roostaei-Ali Mehr; Marziyeh Ghamgosar; Mahmoud Haghighian Roodsari
Volume 16, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 21-29
Abstract
Experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of SAF-Mannan on productive performance and intestinal microflora by 180 day-old chicks. At six d, Chicks were divided to five groups (treatments) and each group was split into three replicates which included 12 birds. Amounts of 0.3 mg/Kg lincomycin premix, ...
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Experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of SAF-Mannan on productive performance and intestinal microflora by 180 day-old chicks. At six d, Chicks were divided to five groups (treatments) and each group was split into three replicates which included 12 birds. Amounts of 0.3 mg/Kg lincomycin premix, 0 (control), 0.5 (A0.5) and 1 (S1) g/Kg SAF-Mannan for total period were added to diet of the first four treatments and also 0.25and 0.75 g/Kg SAF-Mannan for starter and grower, respectively were added to diets of the fifth treatment (S0.25-0.75). Poupulation of E. coli and lactobacillus of ileal samples were assayed at 18, 28 and 38 d of age. The results showed that birds fed on SAF-Manan diets had lower feed conversion ratio compared to control group (P<0.05). At 18 and 28 d, the E. coli count in the al content of SAF-Manan treatments was lower than controland lincomycin treatment (P<0.05). At 28 d, lactobacillus count in ileal content of birds fed on dietd containing 1 g SAF-Manan was higher compared to other treatments (P<0.05). It could be conclude that addition of 0.5 g/Kg SAF-Manan to broiler diet improve weight gain and feed conversion ratio probably, by modifying of intestinal microflora.