Zahra Alimoradi Tamrin; Hassan Darmani Kohi; navid gavi hosseinzadeh
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 1-14
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of Galbanum essential oil (GEO) and xylanase on performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks, a total of 160 one-day old chicks (Ross 308 strain) were used to four dietary treatments based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement. The ...
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In order to investigate the effects of Galbanum essential oil (GEO) and xylanase on performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks, a total of 160 one-day old chicks (Ross 308 strain) were used to four dietary treatments based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement. The factors included were xylanase (0 and 0.2 gr/kg of diet) and GEO (0 and 0.1 gr/kg of diet). During the experimental periods (0-10 d, 11-24 d and 25-42 d), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. At days 21 and 42 of age two chicks from each replicate were slaughtered to determine carcass characteristic and ileal microbial populations of E. coli and Lactobacillus. Adding enzymes to the diet increased BWG in growing period and improved FCR in the growing and in the entire period of the experiment. At 21 day of age, GEO supplementation alone or GEO and xylanase as mixed significantly (P
Mahdieh Taheri; Reza Tahmasbi; Mohammad mehdi Sharifi Hosseini; Omid Dayani
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 15-27
Abstract
The effect of feeding ensiled licorice pulp with different levels of wasted date was investigated on ruminal fermentation parameters, blood parameters and microbial protein synthesis on four male mature Raeini goats. The experiment was designed as a 4×4 Latin square design with four 21 days periods. ...
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The effect of feeding ensiled licorice pulp with different levels of wasted date was investigated on ruminal fermentation parameters, blood parameters and microbial protein synthesis on four male mature Raeini goats. The experiment was designed as a 4×4 Latin square design with four 21 days periods. Licorice pulp was mixed with 0, 5, 10 and 15 percent of wasted date without stone and ensiled in 40 L containers for 45 days. Experimental diets were: 1) control (20% ensiled Licorice pulp without wasted date, 2) 20% ensiled licorice pulp with 5% wasted date, 3) 20% ensiled licorice pulp with 10% wasted date and 4) 20% ensiled licorice pulp with 15% wasted date. The results showed that ensiling licorice pulp with different levels of wasted date significantly increased DM and fleig point linearly (p
hamid marzbani; Hossein Moradi Shahrbabak; Mohammad Moradi Shahre Babak
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 29-41
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and determine haplotype blocks structure in 93 Sarabi cow using SNP-chip 40k of Illumina company. After genotyping and quality control, 27386 SNP markers on autosomal chromosomes remained for analyzing. The LD was measured by r2 and ...
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This study was conducted to estimate the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and determine haplotype blocks structure in 93 Sarabi cow using SNP-chip 40k of Illumina company. After genotyping and quality control, 27386 SNP markers on autosomal chromosomes remained for analyzing. The LD was measured by r2 and D' statistics. In this study the average of r2 and D' for range less than of 2.5 kb were maximum with 0.505 and 0.927, respectively. The average of r2 and D' were minimum with 0.064 and 0.486, respectively in range of 2-5 Mb. 582 haplotype blocks were observed in the genome of Sarabi cow. 6.73% SNP from all of the SNPs were covered and 0.83% (21.43 Mb) of the autosomal genome were covered by the blocks haplotype. Population effective size was estimated about 40 that refer to four generations ago. The low number of haplotype block and also low LD level in Sarabi cow population showed high variation. In refer to the result and the number of haplotype blocks in this breed, applying the haplotype blocks could be improve results and high precision on genomic selection study so it was recommended that in study of genomic selection applying the haplotype blocks really useful than single SNP study
firouz asgari; mostafa yousef elahi; Hassan Fazaeli
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 43-53
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine use of Prosopis julifora pods (PJP) in lactating goats (twenty lactating Tali goats with body weight mean of 34 ± 2.5 kg) diet. Goats were divided in two groups of ten heads) One group with control diet and the other group with Prosopis julifora) and fed for ...
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The aim of this study was to examine use of Prosopis julifora pods (PJP) in lactating goats (twenty lactating Tali goats with body weight mean of 34 ± 2.5 kg) diet. Goats were divided in two groups of ten heads) One group with control diet and the other group with Prosopis julifora) and fed for 12 weeks. Diets were prepared based on goats’ requirements from both forage and concentrate with equal proportion. PJP rate in total experimental diet was 19.25%. Animals were weighed individually the beginning of the trial and every two weeks until the end of period. Their weight changes were calculated. Also, their weekly milk production rate and milk compositions were determined. The average daily milk yield and milk fat percent in fed goats with control diet and PJP diet was 550 and 570g, and 3.24 and 2.39%, respectively that weren’t statistically different. Milk compositions (fat, protein, ash, solid material and solid material without fat) weren’t affected by the diet. The body weight during of experimental period and also, between two groups was not significant different statistically. Total cost of feed and milk production of fed goats with 20% PJP diet was cheaper than control group. Therefore, PJP can be used as a feedstuff up to 20% of lactating goats’ diet and reduce nutrition cost.
Alinaghi Shokri; Mohammad Akbari Gharaei; Saifali Varmaghany; Kamran Taherpour; Ali Khatibjoo; Mehdi Soltani
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 55-68
Abstract
The effect of medicinal plant of Cynara scolymus (artichokes) were studied on ascites syndrome, systolic blood pressure and blood parameters in broiler chickens using a total of 400 one-day-old Ross 308 in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 20 chicks for each replicate, ...
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The effect of medicinal plant of Cynara scolymus (artichokes) were studied on ascites syndrome, systolic blood pressure and blood parameters in broiler chickens using a total of 400 one-day-old Ross 308 in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 20 chicks for each replicate, up to 42d under cold temperature condition. Experimental treatements were control (basal diet), antibiotic (basal diet plus 0.0015 percent antibiotic virginiamycin), aspirin (basal diet plus 0.2 percent aspirin powder) and two basal diets containing 1 and 2 percent artichoke powder. The results showed that feed intake and body weight were increased and feed conversion rate was decreased in artichoke powder received groups in comparison with other treatment (P
Saifali Varmaghany; mohammad amir karimi turshizi; hoshang lotfulahian; hosang jafari; Mohammad Hossein nemati
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 69-82
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of fresh whole garlic bulb (FGBP) on production index, immune system and carcass characteristics of Arian broiler strain, 592 male one day old chicks were studied during 42 days in two independent experiments. The first experiment was conducted under normal temperature ...
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In order to investigate the effect of fresh whole garlic bulb (FGBP) on production index, immune system and carcass characteristics of Arian broiler strain, 592 male one day old chicks were studied during 42 days in two independent experiments. The first experiment was conducted under normal temperature condition (NTC) with 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 21 birds per replicate and second experiment was conducted under cold temperature condition (CTC) with 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 16 birds per replicate basis balanced completely randomized design. The treatments were 1- basal diet without FGBP (control group), 2, 3 and 4 basal diet containing 0.5, 1 and 1.5 percent FGBP, respectively under both NTC and CTC. The highest level of body weight gain and production index were related to treatment of basal diet with 0.5 percent FGBP treatment under both NTC and CTC (P
Alireza Talebian Masoudi; Hamidreza Ansari-Renani; Ramezanali Azizi; Azadeh Mirshamsolahi
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 83-94
Abstract
In order to survey slow release mineral-vitamin boluses effects on reproductive performance, wool and follicle structure characteristics of Farahani sheep, 60 head ewes were divided into two control and treatment groups. Control group didn't receive any mineral - vitamin supplement. The treatment group ...
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In order to survey slow release mineral-vitamin boluses effects on reproductive performance, wool and follicle structure characteristics of Farahani sheep, 60 head ewes were divided into two control and treatment groups. Control group didn't receive any mineral - vitamin supplement. The treatment group received slow release mineral-vitamin boluses 15 days before mating. The reproductive performance includes pregnancy rate, lambing rate, abortion rate, weaned rate and means values of fleece weight, staple length, fiber diameter and tenacity of two groups of ewes and secondary to primary follicle ratio(S/P) in treating ewes and their lambs in relation to the control group were evaluated and statistical differences between them were estimated. The result indicated that the slow release mineral-vitamin boluse hadn't significant effect (p
Masomeh Nasiroleslami; Mehran Torki; Alireza Abdolmohammadi
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 95-108
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplemental guanidinoacetic acid and betaine on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and thyroid hormones of broilers subjected to cold stress. Based on a 2×2 factorial arrangement, 384 day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) ...
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This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplemental guanidinoacetic acid and betaine on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and thyroid hormones of broilers subjected to cold stress. Based on a 2×2 factorial arrangement, 384 day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were randomly distributed between four experimental diets (with eight replicates) included basal diet (as control) and the basal diet supplemented with 1200 mg/kg guanidinoacetic acid; 600 mg/kg betaine and 1200 mg/kg guanidinoacetic acid + 600 mg/kg betaine. This trial was performed at the Animal Farm of Razi University (March 2015). In order to create cold stress, on 21th day all birds were subjected to a low temperature (12-15°C), which was remained constant until the end of the experiment. There was no significant effect of experimental diets on the chick’s performance, carcass characteristics, thyroid hormones and liver glycogen levels. Increased breast meat was observed in birds fed the guanidinoacetic acid-included diet. Significant increased L* and a* of meat color were detected in birds fed diets supplemented with guanidinoacetic acid and betaine. Decreased crud fat percentage of breast meat was detected in birds fed the betaine-included diet. The meat pH decreased by time. Increased meat pH was observed in birds fed the betaine-included diet. In conclusion, improved yield and decreased crud fat percentage of breast meat were observed in birds fed the guanidinoacetic acid- and betaine-included diets, respectively. Color indices of broiler breast meat was improved by diet supplementation with guanidinoacetic acid and betaine.
reza khalkhali ivriq; seyed hassan hafezian; nemat hedayat evrigh; ayoub farhadi; mohammad reza bakhtiarizadeh
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 109-120
Abstract
This study was carried out for identification of deletions, insertions (INDELs) and assessment of their related functional groups in two Iranian dromedary camels (Yazdi camel and Trodi camel) using whole genome sequencing data. In this study, two powerful variant callers (GATK and SAMtools) were used ...
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This study was carried out for identification of deletions, insertions (INDELs) and assessment of their related functional groups in two Iranian dromedary camels (Yazdi camel and Trodi camel) using whole genome sequencing data. In this study, two powerful variant callers (GATK and SAMtools) were used to increase precision and accuracy of detected INDELs. Finally, common identified variants between two programs, after quality filtration, were considered as final INDELs. The present study led to identification of 351429 INDELs for Yazdi camel and 341479 INDELs for Trodi camel. Annotated INDELs that classified as high impact INDELs, were used for further analysis. The numbers of high impact INDELs were 3424 and 3506 for Yazdi and Trodi camels, respectively. To compare Iranian camels with non-Iranian camels, we used whole genome sequencing data of one African origin camel. Comparison of high impact INDELs between three samples showed that 1595 INDELs were common between them. Assessment of gene ontology’s results showed that many of significant terms are related to the ability of camels to withstand serve desert conditions.
Mahnaz Salehi; Ali Maghsoudi
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 121-130
Abstract
This research was conducted in Animal Science Research Institute of Iran for determination of the effects of tanning method of ostrich skin on chemical characteristics of the leather. A total number of 12 pieces of ostrich hide prepared and each 4 skin pieces assigned to each of chrome, vegetable and ...
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This research was conducted in Animal Science Research Institute of Iran for determination of the effects of tanning method of ostrich skin on chemical characteristics of the leather. A total number of 12 pieces of ostrich hide prepared and each 4 skin pieces assigned to each of chrome, vegetable and alum tanning methods. Chemical characteristics of the leathers included fat content, water-soluble matter, water-soluble organic matter, sulphated water-insoluble ash, minerals, nitrogen, protein and pH were determined. Amount of fat in vegetable leathers was higher than chrome and alum leathers but water-soluble material, water-soluble organic material and sulphated water-insoluble ash in alum and vegetable leathers were same and higher than chrome leathers. In addition, higher amounts of nitrogen, protein and pH measured in chrome, alum and vegetable leathers, respectively. Six and four percent increase of fat and decrease in nitrogen, protein and pH in vegetable leathers is considerable compared with alum and chrome leathers. Significant positive correlation among fat with water soluble material, sulphated water-insoluble ash and negative correlation with nitrogen and protein in different leathers were achieved. There was higher correlation between mineral of the leather with all of the chemical characters other than pH. Due to some different chemical characters of the leather for vegetable tanning method practical evaluations are imperative using effective material and optimization of the method. Moreover, in spite of probable risks for the environment and tanning workers, the chrome method is the most appropriate method of ostrich skin tanning yet.
Seyd Ahmad Sahaf; Heydar Zarghi; َAbolghasem Golian
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 131-143
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of raw and/or autoclaved grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seed in diet on performance and egg quality of laying hens. Three hundred and thirty-six Leghorn laying hens strain W-36 at 87 week of age were assigned in a completely randomize designed (CRD) ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of raw and/or autoclaved grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seed in diet on performance and egg quality of laying hens. Three hundred and thirty-six Leghorn laying hens strain W-36 at 87 week of age were assigned in a completely randomize designed (CRD) experiment with 7 treatments, 6 replicates and 8 birds each. The experimental treatments included; corn-soybean meal (control) diet, and 8, 16 and 24% dietary levels of either raw or autoclaved grass pea grain. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Feed consumption, egg production percentage and egg mass of hens fed diets containing different levels of raw and autoclaved grass pea grain were significantly lower and their feed conversion ratio was significantly higher than those fed control diet. The autoclaving of grass pea grain resulted in significant increase in performance and eggshell quality indices in birds fed diets containing 16 and 24% grass pea grain. Although autoclaving of grass pea grain reduced the negative effect of its replacement in the diet on performance and egg characteristics, however, it could not compensate the reduction in performance. According to the results of this experiment, the utilization of raw grass pea grain is not recommended in laying hen diets. Also, autoclaving process alone can’t destroy the anti-nutritional factors present in grass pea grain.
Nasrin Rashidi; Ali Khatibjoo; Kamran Taherpour; Mohammad Akbari Gharaei; Hassan Shirzadi
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 145-157
Abstract
Using 350 Ross broiler chickens, the effect of licorice extract (LE), probiotic, antifungal and boiler litter biochar on performance of broiler chickens fed aflatoxin B1 contaminated diet in a completely randomized design with 7 treatment (negative control (basal diet without aflatoxin and additives), ...
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Using 350 Ross broiler chickens, the effect of licorice extract (LE), probiotic, antifungal and boiler litter biochar on performance of broiler chickens fed aflatoxin B1 contaminated diet in a completely randomized design with 7 treatment (negative control (basal diet without aflatoxin and additives), positive control (basal diet + 1 mg aflatoxin B1 and without additives) and 5 other treatments were positive control with LE (3 and 6 g/kg), Protexin probiotic (0.5 gr), Agrabond (0.5 gr/kg) and biochar toxin binder (10 g/kg)) and 5 replicates (10 birds in each replicate) considered. The treatments were. The result showed that aflatoxin B1 lowered body weight gain and breast relative weight and increased FCR and abdominal fat of broilers (P < 0.05). Broilers fed negative control, 3 g/kg LE and biochar containing diets during the growing period and birds fed negative control and 3 g/kg LE during the entire period had higher BW and lower FCR as compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Negative control diet decreased breast relative weight and tight meat crude protein percent, while all of the additives led to improving these traits since the highest relative weight of breast and tight meat crude protein percent were observed in probiotic and biochar groups respectively (P < 0.05). The highest serum total protein was seen in broilers fed negative control and 3 g/kg LE diets while the lowest serum uric acid was observed in broilers fed negative control, 6 g/kg LE, Agrabond and biochar diets (P < 0.05). In conclusion, licorice extract and broiler litter biochar additives decreased adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 on broiler chickens performance.
Hamidreza Moslehi; Bahman navidshad; seyed davood sharifi; Farzad Mirzaei Aghjeh-Gheshlagh
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 159-175
Abstract
The effect of different sources of Se, together with flaxseed on performance, egg physical qualities and some serum biochemical parameters in laying hens was investigated. In a completely randomized design, 384 "Hy-Line W36" hens (50 wks of age) were assigned to a 3×4 factorial arrangement comprising ...
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The effect of different sources of Se, together with flaxseed on performance, egg physical qualities and some serum biochemical parameters in laying hens was investigated. In a completely randomized design, 384 "Hy-Line W36" hens (50 wks of age) were assigned to a 3×4 factorial arrangement comprising four replicates of eight for ten weeks. Birds received three basal diets containing 0, 5% and 10% of flaxseed, supplemented with no Se and one mg/kg of Se from sodium selenite, Se-enriched yeast and seleno-hydroxy-methionine(Selisseo). Inclusion of flaxseed decreased egg weight and egg mass(P
Seyed Amir Hossein Dezfoulian
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 177-190
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of cobalt source and level on blood parameters and performance, 30 indigenous breed male goat kids of 3-5 months age, with an average BW of 17.8±2.5 kg were assigned to five treatments in a completely randomized design: 1) Basal diet containing 0.076 mg Co/kg DM (Control); ...
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To evaluate the effects of cobalt source and level on blood parameters and performance, 30 indigenous breed male goat kids of 3-5 months age, with an average BW of 17.8±2.5 kg were assigned to five treatments in a completely randomized design: 1) Basal diet containing 0.076 mg Co/kg DM (Control); 2) basal diet + 0.25 mg Co/kg DM as Co-sulphate (sulphate 0.25); 3) basal diet + 0.5 mg Co/kg DM as Co-sulphate (sulphate 0.5); 4) basal diet + 0.25 mg Co/kg DM as Co-glucoheptonate (glucoheptonate 0.25); 5) basal diet + 0.5 mg Co/kg DM as Co-glucoheptonate (glucoheptonate 0.5). Goat kids receiving 0.5 ppm of Co from glucoheptonate had higher DMI compared to control. Final body weight and average daily gain was affected by the level of Co supplement and was significantly higher in 0.5 ppm receiving treatments. However, feed conversion ration did not differ significantly between treatments and differences were only numerical. Cobalt supplements affected serum glucose and vitamin B12 and the highest difference was for glucoheptonate 0.5 treatment. Although the glucoheptonate 0.5 treatment differed significantly with control, there were no significant differences with other treatments. Cobalt treatments had no significant effect on serum biochemical and hematological parameters. In general, the level of cobalt had a significant effect on goat performance given that higher levels of cobalt caused greater dry matter intake and average daily gain. The results of the present study showed that the requirement level of 0.07 mg/d for goats is marginally adequate and the organic Co source performed better in the rumen for vitamin B12 synthesis and consequently glucoseand goat performance was better at 0.5 as compared to 0.25mg Co/Kg DM.
Mohammad Reza Zobdeh; hossein Moravej; Mahmood Shivazad
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, Pages 191-202
Abstract
In order to determine the prediction equations for apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of Iranian wheat, this experiment was conducted at two different ages of broiler chicks in 2014. At first, chemical composition including dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, crude ...
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In order to determine the prediction equations for apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of Iranian wheat, this experiment was conducted at two different ages of broiler chicks in 2014. At first, chemical composition including dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract of 16 widely used Iranian wheat cultivars were measured in the laboratory. To measure AMEn content of these cultivars at 10 and 24 days, 6 and 4 mixed sex ROSS 308 broilers per each treatment were used respectively. At these ages, the samples from the excreta and the contents of ileum were collected. Afterwards multiple regression equations for predicting wheat AMEn content were determined by SPSS software and stepwise method. The results showed that the AMEn estimation equations were determined by sampling of excreta at two ages of 10 and 24 days, respectively, in the form of AMEn = 37.855 × NFE and AMEn = 43.494 × NFE and ileum content was determined as AMEn = 41.173 × NFE and AMEn = 42.224 × NFE, respectively. Thus, using theses equations is recommended at the time of diet formulation for grower and finisher phases of broiler chicken.