Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran.
3 ِDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
Abstract
A 42-d study was conducted to investigate the effects of emulsifier and inulin supplementation in diets with different sources of fat on growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, and blood biochemical indices of broilers. A total of 800 one-day-old male broilers in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment with two fat sources (soybean oil and beef tallow), two emulsifier levels (0 and 0.1% lysophospholipids) and two levels of inulin supplementation (0 and 0.1%) were used in a completely randomized design with eight treatments, five replications and 20 chicks per replicate. Birds fed diets containing beef tallow and emulsifier had a lower feed conversion ratio and abdominal fat percentage than birds fed diets containing soybean oil and emulsifier (P <0.05). The abdominal fat percentage and feed conversion ratio were lower in birds that received fat and inulin diets than other birds (P<0.05). Birds fed the emulsifier-containing diet had higher values of primary and secondary antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus, and secondary titers of total antibody and IgM against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) compared to those fed the emulsifier-unsupplemented diet (P<0.05). Daily weight gain and antibody titer against Newcastle disease and SRBC were higher in birds receiving the inulin-supplemented diet compared to other birds (P<0.05). In conclusion, the use of 0.1 % emulsifier and inulin, either singly or in combination, in the diet of broiler chickens can be useful for improving growth performance and immune response.
Keywords
- Allahyari-Bake S and Jahanian R (2017) Effects of dietary fat source and supplemental lysophosphatidylcholine on performance, immune responses, and ileal nutrient digestibility in broilers fed corn/soybean meal- or corn/wheat/soybean meal-based diets. Poultry Science, 96: 1149-1158.
- Bucław M (2016) The use of inulin in poultry feeding: a review. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 100: 1015-1022.
- Fascina VB, Carrijo AS, Souza MR, Garcia AML, Kiefer C and Sartori JR (2009) Soybean oil and beef tallow in starter broiler diets. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 11: 249-256.
- Friedewald WT, Levy RI and Fredrickson DS (1972) Estimation of concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the ultra-centrifuge. Clinical chemistry, 18: 499-502.
- Friedman A and Sklan D (1995) Effect of dietary fatty acids on antibody production and fatty acid composition of lymphoid organs in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 74: 1463-1469.
- Fritsche KL, Cassity NA and Huang SC (1991). Effects of dietary fat source on antibody production and lymphocyte proliferation in chickens. Poultry Science, 70: 1646-1657.
- Ghasemi HA, Shivazad M, Mirzapour Rezaei SS and Karimi Torshizi MA (2016) Effect of synbiotic supplementation and dietary fat sources on broiler performance, serum lipids, muscle fatty acid profile and meat quality. British Poultry Science, 57: 71-83.
- Hu XQ, Wang WB, Liu L, Wang C, Feng W, Luo QP, Han R and Wang XD (2019) Effects of fat type and emulsifier in feed on growth performance, slaughter traits, and lipid metabolism of Cherry Valley ducks. Poultry Science, 98: 5759-5766.
- Kulkarni RC, Dingore AD, Durge SM, Dinani OP and Amrutkar SA (2019) Supplementation of different emulsifiers on performance of broilers. Journal of entomology and zoology sciences, 7: 25-29.
- Lough DS, Solomon MB, Rumsey TS, Elsasser TH, Slyter LL, Kahl S and Lynch GP (1992) Effects of dietary canola seed and soy lecithin in high-forage diets on cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of carcass tissues of growing ram lambs. Journal of Animal Science, 70: 1153-1158.
- Majdolhosseini L, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I and Moradi MH (2019) Nutritional and physiological responses of broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with de-oiled soyabean lecithin at different metabolisable energy levels and various fat sources. British Journal of Nutrition, 122: 863-872.
- Maldonado–Valderrama J, Wilde P, Macierzanka A and Mackie A (2011) The role of bile salts in digestion. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 165: 36-46.
- Monfaredi A, Rezaei M and Sayyahzadeh H (2011) Effect of supplemental fat in low energy diets on some blood parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. South African Journal of Animal Science, 41: 24-32.
- Nelson NA, Lakshmanan N and Lamont SJ (1995) Sheep red blood cell and Brucella abortus antibody responses in chickens selected for multitrait immunocompetence. Poultry Science, 74: 1603-1609.
- Omidi S, Mohiti A and Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh Navid (2019) Effect of dietary fat level and source on performance and immune system response of turkeys. Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences, 42: e46775.
- Senkoylu N (1990) The effect of tallow and soapstone upon broiler performance. Poultry Science, 69: 120-126.
- Tabeidian SA and Sadeghi GA (2006) Use of plant based calcium salt of fatty acids in broiler diets. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5: 96-98.
- Velasco S, Ortiz LT, Alzueta C, Rebole A, Trevino J and Rodriguez ML (2010) Effect of inulin supplementation and dietary fat source on performance, blood serum metabolites, liver lipids, abdominal fat deposition, and tissue fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 89: 1651-1662.
- Verdonk JMAJ, Shim SB, van Leeuwen P and Verstegen WA (2005) Application of inulin-type fructans in animal feed and pet food. British Poultry Science, 93: 125-138.
- Wang HB, Li H, Wang QG, Zhang XY, Wang SZ, Wang YX and Wang XP (2007) Profiling of chicken adipose tissue gene expression by genome array. BMC Genomics, 8: 193.
- Wealleans AL, Jansen M and di Benedetto M (2019) The addition of lysolecithin to broiler diets improves growth performance across fat levels and sources: a meta-analysis of 33 trials. British Poultry Science, 61: 51-56.
- Wu YB, Ravindran V, Thomas DG, Birtles MJ and Hendriks WH (2004) Influence of method of whole wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers. British Poultry Science, 45: 385-394.
- Yusrizal Y and Chen TC (2003) Effect of adding chicory fructans in feed on broiler growth performance, serum cholesterol and intestinal length. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2: 214-219.
- Zhang B, Haitao L, Zhao D, Guo Y and Barri A (2011) Effect of fat type and lysophosphatidylcholine addition to broiler diets on performance, apparent digestibility of fatty acids, and apparent metabolizable energy content. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 163: 177-184.
- Zollitch W, Knaus W, Aichinger F and Lettner F (1997) Effects of different dietary fat sources on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 66: 63-73.
)