Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Former PhD Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Faculty member (Academic staff) ِKhuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
3 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Azad University of Yasoj, Yasij, Iran
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ruminal pH-adjusting additives on histomorphometry and histopathology of rumen - reticulum and liver tissues. Twenty-four Arabi male lambs with three to four months old and initial body weight of 23.9±3.15 kg were used in a completely randomized design with three treatments and eight replicates in a period of 77 days. The experimental treatments consisted of a control diet, control diet + sodium bicarbonate buffer (buffer), and control diet + Megasphaera elsdenii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bacterial- yeast). At the end of the experiment, lambs were slaughtered and samples were taken from the liver and gastrointestinal tract for tissue studies. Rumen-reticulum wall thickness in the buffer receiving lambs was greater than that of control group (p < 0.05). The thickness of the rumen-reticulum epithelium in the buffer and bacterial-yeast receiving lambs was less than the control group (p < 0.05). Rumen-reticulum papillae thickness was higher in control than other treatments (p < 0.05). The thickness of reticulum tunica muscularis in the buffer treatment was higher than other treatments (p < 0.05). Periportal hepatitis was seen mildly in the liver of bacterial- yeast receiving lambs. In according to the results of the present experiment, the use of pH regulators, especially bacterial-yeast, in lambs fed with high concentrate levels, in terms of histopathology, reduce tissue damages in the rumen- reticulum and liver and improve tissue structure of rumen-reticulum.
Keywords
and Mamouei M (2015) Effect of replacing
barley starch by beet pulp and addition of the
roasted canola seed on reticulo-rumen histology
tissue and fermentation parameters of lambs fed
by high concentrate diets. Iranian Veterinary
Journal, 11(2): 5-19.
2. Aschenbach JR, Borau T and Gäbel G (2002)
Glucose uptake via SGLT-1 is stimulated by β2-
adrenoceptors in the ruminal epithelium of
sheep. The Journal of Nutrition,132(6):1254-1257.
3. Aschenbach JR, Zebeli Q, Patra AK, Greco G,
Amasheh S and Penner GB (2019) Symposium
review: The importance of the ruminal epithelial
barrier for a healthy and productive cow. Journal
of Dairy Science, 102(2): 1866-1882.
4. DeClerck JC, Wade ZE, Reeves NR, Miller MF,
Johnson BJ, Ducharme GA and Rathmann RJ
(2020) Influence of Megasphaera elsdenii and
feeding strategies on feedlot performance,
compositional growth, and carcass parameters
of early weaned, beef calves. Translational
Animal Science, 4(2): txaa031.
5. Erdman RA, Botts RL, Hemken RW and Bull
LS (1980) Effect of dietary sodium bicarbonate
and magnesium oxide on production and
physiology in early lactation. Journal of Dairy
Science, 63(6): 923-930.
6. Garcia Diaz T, Ferriani Branco A, Jacovaci FA,
Cabreira Jobim C, Bolson DC and Pratti Daniel
JL (2018) Inclusion of live yeast and mannanoligosaccharides
in high grain-based diets for
sheep: Ruminal parameters, inflammatory
response and rumen morphology. PloS PLOS
one, 13(2): e0193313.
7. Khan MA, Bach A, Weary DM and Von
Keyserlingk MAG (2016) Invited review:
Transitioning from milk to solid feed in dairy
heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(2): 885-902.
8. Krause KM and Oetzel GR (2006)
Understanding and preventing subacute ruminal
acidosis in dairy herds: A review. Animal Feed
Science and Technology, 126(3-4): 215-236.
9. Kumar A and Joshi B (1991) Epidmiology and
biophysical changes in spontaneous rumen
acidosis in buffaloses. Indian Journal of Animal
Sciences, 61(9): 961-962.
XZ (2011) Effects of several oligosaccharides
on ruminal fermentation in sheep: an in vitro
experiment. Revue de Medecine VeterinaireRev
Méd Vét, 162: 192-197.
11. Ma N, Abaker JA, Bilal MS, Dai H and Shen X
(2018) Sodium butyrate improves antioxidant
stability in sub-acute ruminal acidosis in dairy
goats. BMC Veterinary Research, 14(1): 275.
12. Malekkhahi M, Tahmasbi AM, Naserian AA,
Danesh Mesgaran M, Kleen JL and Parand AA
(2015) Effects of essential oils, yeast culture
and malate on rumen fermentation, blood
metabolites, growth performance and nutrient
digestibility of Baluchi lambs fed highconcentrate
diets. Journal of Animal Physiology
and Animal Nutrition, 99(2): 221-229.
13. Malekkhahi M, Tahmasbi AM, Naserian AA,
Danesh-Mesgaran M, Kleen JL, AlZahal O and
Ghaffari MH (2016) Effects of supplementation
of active dried yeast and malate during subacute
ruminal acidosis on rumen fermentation,
microbial population, selected blood metabolites
and milk production in dairy cows. Animal Feed
Science and Technology, 213: 29-43.
14. Mashayekhi MR, Erfani-majd N, Sari M and
Rezaei M (2020) Investigating the effects of slowrelease
urea and molasses on histomorphometric
tissue of rumen and abomasum and rumen
fermentation parameters of fattening lamb. Iranian
Veterinary Journal, 16(1): 82-93.
15. Meissner S, Hagen F, Deiner C, Günzel D,
Greco G, Shen Z and Aschenbach JR (2017)
Key role of short-chain fatty acids in epithelial
barrier failure during ruminal acidosis. Journal
of Dairy Science, 100(8): 6662-6675.
16. Niwińska B, Hanczakowska E, Arciszewski MB
and Klebaniuk R (2017) Exogenous butyrate:
implications for the functional development of
ruminal epithelium and calf performance.
Animal, 11(9): 1522-1530.
17. NRC (2007) Nutrient Requirements of Small
Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids and New
World Camelids. National Academy Press
Washington DC.
18. Odongo NE, AlZahal O, Lindinger MI, Duffield
TF, Valdes EV, Terrell SP and McBride BW
(2006) Effects of mild heat stress and grain
challenge on acid-base balance and rumen tissue
histology in lambs. Journal of Animal
Science, 84(2): 447-455.
19. Pinloche E, McEwan N, Marden JP, Bayourthe
C, Auclair E and Newbold CJ (2013) The
effects of a probiotic yeast on the bacterial
diversity and population structure in the rumen
of cattle. PloS PLOS One, 8(7): e67824.
20. Pourjafar M, Mohammadnia AR, Jafari
dehkordi A and Fatahian dehkordi RA (2004)
The effects of experimentally induced lactic
acidosis on serum glucose, BUN, serum
electrolyte (K, Na, P, Ca), haematocrit, rumen
pH, rumen microflora and pathological changes
of ruminal epithelium in lori sheep. Pajouhesh
and Sazandegi 62: 27-36.
21. Rose BD (1989) Clinical physiology Physiology
of acidAcid-base Base and electrolyte
Electrolyte disordersDisorders; 3 rd ed.; Mc
Grow Hill Inc. Singapore; PP: 261-68, 478-501.
22. Russell KE and Roussel AJ, 2007. Evaluation of
the ruminant serum chemistry
profile. Veterinary Clinics of North America:
Food Animal Practice, 23(3): 403-426.
23. Sanches AWD, Montiani-Ferreira F, Santin E,
Neumann M, Reck AM, Bertagnon HG and
Pachaly JR (2020) Isoquinolone alkaloids
mitigate microscopic digestive tract lesions
induced by sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA)
in feedlot cattle. Semina: Ciências
Agrárias, 41(5): 1567-1580.
24. Sedighi R and Alipour D (2019) Assessment of
probiotic effects of isolated Megasphaera
elsdenii strains in Mehraban sheep and Holstein
lactating cows. Animal Feed Science and
Technology, 248: 126-131.
25. Shen Z, Seyfert HM, Löhrke B, Schneider F,
Zitnan R, Chudy A, Kuhla S, Hammon HM,
Blum JW, Martens H and Hagemeister H (2004)
An energy-rich diet causes rumen papillae
proliferation associated with more IGF type 1
receptors and increased plasma IGF-1
concentrations in young goats. The Journal of
Nutrition, 134(1): 11-17.
26. Silberberg M, Chaucheyras-Durand F, Mialon
MM, Monteils V, Mosoni P, Morgavi DP and
Martin C (2013) Repeated acidosis challenges and
live yeast supplementation shape rumen
microbiota and fermentations and modulate
inflammatory status in sheep. Animal, 7(12): 1910.
27. Stauder A, Humer E, Neubauer V, Reisinger N,
Kaltenegger A and Zebeli Q (2020). Distinct
responses in feed sorting, chewing behavior,
and ruminal acidosis risk between primiparous
and multiparous simmental cows fed diets
differing in forage and starch levels. Journal of
Dairy Science, 103(9): 8467-8481.
28. Steele MA, Croom J, Kahler M, AlZahal O, Hook
rumen epithelium undergoes rapid structural
adaptations during grain-induced subacute ruminal
acidosis. American Journal of Physiology-
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative
Physiology, 300(6): R1515-R1523.
29. Wang YH, Xu M, Wang FN, Yu ZP, Yao JH,
Zan LS and Yang FX (2009) Effect of dietary
starch on rumen and small intestine morphology
and digesta pH in goats. Livestock Science,
122(1): 48-52.
30. Zitnan R, Kuhla S, Nurnberg K, Schonhusen U,
Ceresnakova Z, Sommer A, Baran M, Greserova
G and Voigt J (2003) Influence of the diet on the
morphology of ruminal and intestinal mucosa and
on intestinal carbohydrase levels in
cattle. Veterinarni Medicina-Praha, 48(7):177-182.
)