Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University
2 Professor, Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University
3 Professor Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran
4 Associate Professor, Medicinal Plant Research Center, Jihad Daneshgahi,
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of Savory and Ajwain essential oils on performance and the quality of produced eggs in the challenged hens with Salmonella Enteritidis, 100 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens with 44 week-olds, in a randomized complete block design were studied for 13 weeks. Treatments included negative control, positive control, antibiotic: 0.15g oxyvet per kilogram of basal diet, Savory essential oil, and Ajwain essential oil ((1g per kilogram of the basal diet). All experimental groups except negative control were challenged with 1 mL of suspension solution containing 1×107 CFU/mL Salmonella Enteritidis bacteria by oral gavage in the ninth week. Quantitative and qualitative parameters were evaluated at the end of each week, and before and after the challenge, respectively. Challenge with Salmonella Enteritidis had no significant effect on laying hen performance and egg quality. Before the challenge, antibiotic and essential oils of two medicinal plants reduced feed intake and egg weight compared to the control group; and reduced feed intake and feed conversion ratio after the challenge (P<0.05). In the pre-challenge period, all three treatments, especially the essential oil of Ajwain, reduced the albumen Haugh unit (P<0.05). After the challenge, Savory essential oil reduced yolk cholesterol content; and essential oils of two medicinal plants decreased yolk lipid oxidation in both pre- and post challenge periods (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that the essential oils of two medicinal plants increase the quality of produced eggs by reducing egg yolk MDA and cholesterol levels.
Keywords
Antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and
immunological effects of Carum copticum L.
and some of its constituents. Phytotherapy
Research, 28(12): 1739-1748.
2. Arpášová H, Kačániová M and Gálik B (2013)
The Effect of Oregano Essential Oil and Pollen
on Egg Production and Egg Yolk Qualitative
Parameters. Scientific Papers Animal Science
and Biotechnologies, 46 (1): 12-16.
3. Behnamifar A., Rahimi S and Karimi Torshizi
MA and Mohammad Zade Z (2018) Effect of
Chamomile, Wild Mint and Oregano Herbal
Extracts on Quality and Quantity of Eggs,
Hatchability, and Some Other Parameters in
Laying Japanese Quails. Journal of Medicinal
plants and By-product, 7(2): 173-180.
4. Botsoglou NA, Fletouris DJ, Papageorgiou GE,
Vassilopoulos VN, Mantis AJ and Trakatellis
AG (1994) Rapid, sensitive, and specific
thiobarbituric acid method for measuring lipid
peroxidation in animal tissue, food and feedstuff
samples. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry,
42(9): 1931-1937.
5. Bozkurt M, Alcicek A, Cabuk M, Kucukyilma
K and Catli AU (2009) Effect of an herbal
essential oil mixture on growth, laying traits,
and egg hatching characteristics of broiler
breeders. Poultry Science, 88(11): 2368-2374.
6. Brenes A and Roura E (2010) Essential oils in
poultry nutrition: Main effects and modes of
action. Animal feed science and technology,
158(1-2): 1-14.
7. Chaucheyeras-Durand F and Durand H (2010)
Probiotic in animal nutrition. Beneficial
Microbes, 1(1): 3-9.
8. Crowell PL. Prevention and therapy of cancer
by dietary mono terpenes (1999) Journal of
Nutrition, 129(3): 775-778.
9. Gantois I, Ducatelle R., Pasmans F,
Haesebrouck F, Gast R, Humphrey TJ and Van
Immerseel F (2009) Mechanisms of egg
contamination by Salmonella Enteritidis.
FEMS microbiology reviews, 33(4): 718-738.
Landy N, Ghalamkari Z and Radnezhad H
(2011) Efficiency of different levels of
Satureja hortensis L. (Savory) in comparison
with an antibiotic growth promoter on
performance, carcass traits, immune responses
and serum biochemical parameters in broiler
chickens. African Journal of Biotechnology,
10(61): 13318-13323.
11. Hashemi SR and Sadeghi Mahoonak AR
(2016) Growth performance, carcass
characteristics and intestinal microflora of
broiler chickens fed diets containing carum
copticum essential oil. Poultry Science
Journal, 4(1): 37-46.
12. He X, Hao D, Liu H, Zhang Z, Xu D, Xu X,
Wang J and Wu R (2017) Effect of
Supplemental Oregano Essential Oils in Diets on
Production Performance and Relatively Intestinal
Parameters of Laying Hens . American Journal of
Molecular Biology, 7(1): 73-85.
13. Landers TF, Cohen B, Wittum TE and Larson
EL (2012) A Review of Antibiotic Use in Food
Animals: Perspective, Policy, and Potential.
Public Health Reports, 127(1): 4-22.
14. Miranda JM, AntonX, Redondo-Valbuena C,
Roca-Saavedra P, Rodriguez Ga, Lamas A and
Franco,C.F., and Cepeda,A. (2015) . Egg and
Egg-Derived Foods: Effects on Human Health
and Use as Functional Foods. Nutrients, 7(1):
706-729.
15. Movahhedkhah S, Rasouli B, Seidavi A, Mazzei
D, Laudadio V and Tufarelli V (2019) Summer
savory (Satureja hortensis L.) extract as natural
feed additive in broilers: Effects on growth,
plasma constituents, immune response, and ileal
microflora. Animals, 9(3): 87.
16. Mozafari S, Seidavi A, Gharahveysi S and
Kadim I (2018) Savory (Satureja hortensis L.)
powder and extract effects on broiler chicken
ileal Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus
bacteria. Journal of Applied Animal Research,
46(1): 639-642.
17. Myandoab, MP and Mansoub NH (2011)
Echinacea purpura and Carum copticum
extract improve performance, carcass quality
but not effect on blood parameters and
Immune System in broiler chicken. Annals of
Biological Research, 2(5): 610-614.
18. Nasiroleslami M and Torki M (2010)
Including Essential Oils of Fennel
(Foeniculum vulgare) and Ginger
(Zingiberofficinale) to Diet and Evaluating
Performance of Laying Hens, White Blood
Cell Count and Egg Quality Characteristics.
Advances in Environmental Biology, 4(3):
341-345.
19. Panda A Rama RS and Raju M (2009)
Phytobiotics, a natural growth promoter.
Poultry International, 48(7): 10-11.
20. Rakonjac S Bogosavljevic-Boskovic S
Pavlovski Z Skrbic Z Doskovic V Petrovic
MD and Petricevic V (2014) Laying hen
rearing Systems: A review of Chemicals
composition and hygienic conditions of eggs.
World Poultry Science Journal, (70): 151-163.
21. Suganya T Senthilkumar S Deepa K
Muralidharan J Gomathi G and Gobiraju S
(2016). Herbal feed additives in poultry.
International Journal of Science, Environment
and Technology. 5(3): 1137-1145.
22. Taher M Rahimi S Karimi Torshizi MA and
Ashori A (2016) Comparison of the effects of
rosemary, thyme, propolis, antibiotic and
probiotic on the immune system and blood
parameters of broilers chickens challenged with
Salmonella Enteritidis. Journal of Veterinary
Research, 71(2): 245-253. (In Persian)
23. Velge P Wiedemann A Rosselin M Abed N
Boumart Z Chausse AM Gre´pinet O Namdari F
Roche M Rossignol A and Virlogeux-Payant I
(2012) Multiplicity of Salmonella entry
mechanisms, a new paradigm for Salmonella
pathogenesis. MicrobiologyOpen, 1(3): 243-258.
24. Whiley H and Ross K (2015) Salmonella and
Eggs: From Production to Plate. International
journal of environmental research and public
health, 12(3): 2543-2556.
25. Yasershahimoridi Y (2018) Investigation of
the effects of Bunium persicum Essential oil
and in combination with the Carum copticum
Essential oils On Bacillus cereus bacteria In
chicken meat At 4°C (Doctoral dissertation,
University of Zabol).
)