Animal Production

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Determination of energy requirement for maintenance and growth of growing turkey using comparative slaughter technique and relative growth index

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student, Animal Science Group, Agriculture Faculty, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Animal and Poultry Science Group, Pardis Aboreyhan, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Animal Science Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine energy requirement for maintenance (MEm) and to estimate efficiency of energy utilization for gain (kg) using comparative slaughter technique (CST) and relative growth index (RGI: gain/BW0.75) in growing turkey chicks from one to four kg of live body weight (LBW). Forty male turkey chicks (24 days of age, 800 ± 93 g LBW) were fed a standard diet (12.3 MJ ME) up to 4 kg of LBW. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME, and AMEn), nutrient digestibility of the diet, and energy balance were determined at two and three kg of BW. In CST, twenty chicks were randomly killed at four stages (five birds at each stage) at 1119 ±60, 2539 ±93, 3528 ±68, 3957 ±82 g of body weight, and the chemical composition of carcass were measured. Maintenance energy requirement (MEm) and efficiency of energy utilization for gain were determined by linear regression in CST. In RGI, the MEm and energy for growth were estimated by a regression of ME intake and relative daily gain. The results showed that in CST, MEm and efficiency of energy utilization for gain were 450 (kJ/kg BW0.75/d), and 56% respectively. In RGI, the MEm and energy for growth were 3.66 (kJ/g BW0.75/d), and 10.4 kJ per g gain. In conclusion, using RGI method is recommended to estimate energy requirement for maintenance and growth in growing turkey due to its simplicity.

Keywords

References
  1. Anthony NB, Emmerson DA, Nestor KE, Bacon WL, Siegel PB and Dunnington EA (1991) Comparison of growth curves of weight selected populations of turkeys, quail, and chickens. Poultry Science. 70:13-19.
  2. AOAC (1990) Official Methods of Anaysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington VA.
  3. Edwards JHM and Denman F (1975) Carcass composition studies 2. Influences of breed, sex and diet on gross composition of the carcass and fatty acid composition of the adipose tissue. Poultry Science 54: 1230-1238.
  4. Emmans GC (1989) The growth of turkeys, Recent Advances in Turkey Science. pp. 135-166.
  5. Fisher C and Shannon DWF (1973) Metabolisable energy determinations using chicks and Turkeys. British Poultry Science. 14: 609-613.
  6. Hurwitz S, Sklan  D and Bartov I (1978) New formal approaches to the determination of energy and amino acid requirements of chicks. Poultry Science. 57: 197-205.
  7. Hurwitz S, Talpaz H, Bartov I and Plavnik  I  (1991) Characterization of growth and development of male british united turkeys. Poultry Science. 70: 2419-2424.
  8. Hurwitz S, Wax E and Bengal I (1983) Performance and energy needs of 20-week-old male turkeys at different environmental temperatures. Poultry Science. 62: 1327-1329.
  9. Hurwitz S, Weiselberg  M,  Eisner U, Bartov I, Riesenfeld DG, Sharvit TM, Niv A and Bornstein S (1980) The energy requirements and performance of growing chickens and turkeys as affected by environmental temperature. Poultry Science 59: 2290-2299.
  10. Laudadio V, Tufarelli V, Dario M, Emilio FP and Vicenti A (2009) Growth performance and carcass characteristics of female turkeys as affected by feeding programs. Poultry Science. 88: 805-810.
  11. Leeson S, Boorman KN, Lewis D and Shrimpton DH (1974) Metabolisable energy studies with turkeys: metabolisable energy of dietary ingredients. British Poultry Science. 15: 183-189.
  12. Leeson S and Summers JD (1980) Production and carcass characteristics of the large white turkey. Poultry Science. 59: 1237-1245.
  13. MacLeod MG, Lundym H and Jewitt TR (1985) Heat production by the mature male turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): preliminary measurements in an automated, indirect, open-circuit multi-calorimeter system. British Poultry Science. 26: 325-333.
  14. MacLeod MG, Tullett SG and Jewitt TR (1979) Effects of ambient temperature on the heat production of growing turkeys., Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals, Butterworths, London, UK. pp. 257-261.
  15. NRC (1994) Nutrient Requirments for poultry. National Academic Press, Washington, DC.
  16. Plavnik I, Wax E, Sklan D and Hurwitz S (1998)The response of broiler chickens and turkey poults to steam-pelleted diets supplemented with fat or carbohydrates. Poultry Science. 76:1006–1013.
  17. Rivera-Torres V, Noblet J, Dubois S and  Van Milgen J (2010) Energy partitioning in male growing turkeys. Poultry Science. 89: 530-538.
  18. Rivera-Torres V,  Noblet  J, Dubois S and van Milgen J (2011a) Dynamics of energy utilization in male and female turkeys during growth. Animal. 5: 202-210.
  19. Rivera-Torres V, Noblet  J and van Milgen  J (2011b) Changes in chemical composition in male turkeys during growth. Poultry Science. 90: 68-74.
  20. Roberson KD, Rahn AP, Balander RJ, Orth MW, Smith DM, Booren BL, Booren AM, Osburn WN and Fulton RM (2003) Evaluation of the growth potential, carcass components and meat quality characteristics of three commercial strains of Tom turkeys. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research .12: 229-236.
  21. Sakomura NK, Longo FA, Oviedo-Rondon  EO, Boa-Viagem C and Ferraudo A (2005) Modeling energy utilization and growth parameter description for broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 84: 1363-1369.
  22. Sakomura NK, Silva R, Couto HP, Coon C and Pacheco CR (2003) Modeling metabolizable energy utilization in broiler breeder pullets .Poultry Science. 82: 419-427.
  23. Shahir MH, Rahimi R, Taheri  HR, Heidariniya A, Baradaran N and Asadi Kermani Z (2016) Effect of protein source and protease addition on performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility of turkeys fed on low-protein diets from 28 to 55 d post hatch. British Poultry Science. 57: 390-396.
  24. Sibbald IR (1989) Metabolizable energy evaluation of poultry diets.  In: Recent Development in Poultry Nutrition. Butter Worth. London, UK.
  25. Wei L, Chang Hua L, Zheng Ke W, Guo Hua L, Hai Jie Y, Hua Ming Y and Hui Yi Y (2017) Estimation of the net energy requirement for maintenance in broilers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 30: 849-856.
Animal Production
Volume 21, Issue 2
July 2019
Pages 247-259
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics