Effects of ensiling on nutrient value and some physical and chemical parameters in pistachio by-products

Shakeri, Pirouz; Rezaie, Morteza; Mirhadi, Seyed Ahmad

doi:10.22059/jap.2015.54020

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Kerman, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Nutrition, Iran Research Institute of Animal Science, Karaj, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22059/jap.2015.54020

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of ensiling pistachio by-product (PBP) on nutrient value, some physical and chemical parameters. Fresh PBP was ensiled into a trench silo for three months and simultaneously amount of PBP was dried in front of the sun. Chemical composition, buffering capacity, water holding capacity, protein fractionation according to cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (CNCPS), concentration of aflatoxin poison and ruminal and post ruminal degradability was measured for both products. The result showed that pH reduced from 4.73 to 4.12 after ensiling. The ensiled PBP had low aNDFom and water soluble carbohydrates and high phenolic compounds content compared to the sun dried PBP (P<0.05). There was no difference in buffering capacity, water holding capacity, non- protein nitrogen, concentration of aflatoxin and degradability in total gastrointestinal tract between sun-dried and ensiled PBP. Aflatoxin concentration for both PBP was in the permitable range of using in animal nutrition. It was concluded that PBP had a good potential for ensiling and that process of ensiling had no detrimental effect on nutritive value of PBP and furthermore ensiled PBP had a desirable aerobic stability.

Keywords

20.1001.1.20096776.1394.17.1.7.9

References

1 . بهلولی‌قاین، ع، ناصریان، ع ع، ولی‌زاده ر ، و افتخار شاهرودی، ف، (1388)، اثر مصرف فرآورده فرعی پسته بر قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی، فعالیت نشخوار و عملکرد گاوهای ‌هلشتاین در اوایل دورۀ شیردهی، علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. 13: 179-167.

2. دهقان، م، طهماسبی، ر، دیانی، ا، و خضری، ا، (1390)، تعیین خصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و قابلیت هضم برخی از فرآورده‌های فرعی کشاورزی، پژوهش‌های علوم دامی. 3: 421-412.

3. رحیمی، ا، کارگر، ع، و زمانی، ف، (1387)، ارزیابی سطح آفلاتوکسین B₁ در خوراک دام در مزارع گاو شیری استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، پژوهش و سازندگی. 79: 76-71.

4. سندگل، م، امینیان، ح‌ا، اعتباریان، ح، ابوحسینی، گ، و سبزواری، ا، (1386)، جداسـازی قـارچ Aspergillusflavus از خـوراک دام و تعییـن مقدار آفلاتوکسین به‌روش HPLC M₁ در شیر گاوداری‌های اطراف تهران. کشاورزی. 9: 21-11.

5. شاکری، پ، و فضائلی، ح، (1386)، بررسی استفاده از سطوح مختلف پوستۀ پسته در جیرۀ بره‌های پرواری، علوم کشاورزی ایران. 38: 534-529.

6. شاکری، پ، درکی، ن، فضائلی، ح، فروغ، عامری، ن، تیمورنژاد، ن، مداحیان، ع، قربانی، غ، ر، محیط ر، رحمانی، ا، خدادادی، ع، و حسینی نوه، ع، (1391)، بررسی میزان آفلاتوکسین و باقیماندۀ سموم در بقایای حاصل از پوست‌گیری پسته در استان کرمان، گزارش نهایی پروژۀ تحقیقاتی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان.

7 . Adesogan AT, Krueger N, Salawu MB, Dean DB and Staples CR (2004) The Influence of treatment with dual purpose bacterial inoculants or soluble carbohydrates on the fermentation and aerobic stability of Bermudagrass. Dairy Science. 87: 3407-3416.

8 . AOAC (2002) Association of official analytical chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, 17^th ed., Arlington, VA.

9 . Arbabi S and Ghoorchi T (2008) The effect of different levels of molasses as silage on fermentationquality of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) silage. Asian Animal Science. 18: 819-827.

10 . Bagheripour E, Rozbehan Y and Alipour D (2008) Effect of ensiling, air-drying and addition of polyethylene glycol on in vitro gas production of pistachio by-products. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 146: 327-336.

11 . Broderick GA and Kang JH (1980) Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Dairy Science. 63: 64-75.

12 . Doster MA and Michailides TJ (1994) Aspergillus moulds aflatoxin in Pistachio nuts in California. Phytopathology. 84: 6-10.

13 . Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebes PA and Smith F (1956) Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry. 28: 350-356.

14 . Frydrych Z (1992) Intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein of various feeds as estimated by the mobile bag technique. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 37: 161-172.

15 . Gargallo S, Calsamiglia S and Ferret A (2006). Technical note: A modified three-step in vitro procedure to determine intestinal digestion of protein. Animal Science. 84: 2163-2167.

16 . Giger-Reverdin S (2000) Characterisation of feedstuffs for ruminants using some physical paramerters. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 86: 53-59.

17 . Hagerman AE and Butler LG (1989) Choosing appropriate methods and standards for assaying tannins. J. Chem. Ecol. 11: 1535-1544.

18 . Licitra G, Hernandez TM and Van Soest PJ (1996) Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 57: 347-358.

19 . Mahony NE and Rodriguez SB (1996) Aflatoxin variability in pistachios. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 62: 1197-1202.

20 . Makkar HPS (2003) Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage: A laboratory manual. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/International Atomic Energy Agency. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. 102P.

21 . McDonald P, Henderson AR and Heren SJE (1991) The biochemistry of silage. 2^nded. chalcombePub. Abersyth. UK.

22 . Min BR, Barry TN, Attwood GT and McNabb WC (2003) The effect of condensed tannins on the nutrition and health of ruminants fed fresh temperate forages: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 106: 3-19.

23 . Mokhtarpourn A, Naserian AA, Tahmasbi AM and Valizadeh R (2012) Effect of feeding pistachio by-products silage supplemented with polyethylene glycol and urea on Holstein dairy cows performance in early lactation. Livestok Science. 148: 208-213.

24 . NRC (2001) Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7^th Ed., National Academy of Sciences, Press, Washington, DC.

25 . Ørskov ER, Deb hovel FD and mould F (1980) The use of the nylon bag technique for the evaluation of feed stuffs. Tropical Animal Production. 5: 195-213.

26 . Patra AK and Saxena J (2011) Exploitation of dietary tannins to improve rumen metabolism and ruminant nutrition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 91: 24-37.

27 . Playne MJ and McDonald P (1966) The buffering constituents of herbage of silage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 17: 164-209.

28 . Shakeri P, Riasi A, Alikhani M, Fazaeli H and Ghorbani GR (2013). Effects of feeding pistachio by-products silage on growth performance, serum metabolites and urine characteristics in Holstein male calves. Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 97: 1022-1029.

29 . Vahmani P, Naserian AA, Valizadea R and Nasiri Moghadam H (2006) Nutritive value of Pistachio by-products and their effects on Holstein cows in mid lactation. Agricultural Science and Technology. 20: 201-210.

30 . Valizadeh R, Naserian AA and Vahmani P (2009) Influence of drying and ensiling pistachio by-products with urea and molasses on their chemical composition, tannin content and rumen degradability parameters. Animal Veterinary Advance. 8: 2363-2368.

31 . Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB and Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Dairy Science. 74: 3583-3597.

32 . Whitlow LW and Hagler WM (1996) Mycotoxin contamination of feedstuff an additional stress factor for dairy cattle. Available, http://www.Cals.Ncsu.Edu/an Sci/extension/dairy/ mycoto. Accessed 8 July 2013.

Journal of Animal Production, Print ISSN: 2008-6776., Online ISSN: 2382-994X

Effects of ensiling on nutrient value and some physical and chemical parameters in pistachio by-products

References

References

Volume 17, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
Spring & Summer 2015
April 2015
Pages 59-70

Effects of ensiling on nutrient value and some physical and chemical parameters in pistachio by-products

References

References

Volume 17, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1Spring & Summer 2015April 2015Pages 59-70

Volume 17, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
Spring & Summer 2015
April 2015
Pages 59-70